US816109A - Explosive-engine. - Google Patents

Description

No. 816,109. PATENTED MAR. 2?, i538? T. J. LUTZ, JR. EXPLOSIVE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 1904,

WITNESSES: INFENTOR 7720mm; :Zzzfzyk: i er a F f MAw/%Wg@ Ha. 816,109. PATBNTEI) MAR. 27, 1906. T- J. LfiTZ, IE, EXPLOSIVE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED mm, 1904,

5 SHEETS--SEEET 2.

INVE/VTGR 7720mm cbmz, r:

No. 816,109. PATENTED MAR. 27, 1906 T. J. LUTZ, J22. EXPLOSIVE ENGINE,

APPLICATION PILEE MAY 2, 1594,

WITNESSES:

ziazm mares Tkma a A 3:12 1

ATTORNEYS,

No. 816,109. PATENTED MAR. 27, 1906. T. J. LUTZ, In. EXPLOSIVB ENGIES. APPLIGATZOR FILED 1mm, 10044 5 SHEBIS SHEET 4 nwsnme 272077245 (/LMZZ/f ATTQRNEI WIT/P588559;

N0. 816,109. PATENTBD MAR. 27, 1906 T. J. LUTZ,J1:. EXPLUSIVB ENGINE.

APPLIUATIQN FILED MAY 2. 190-1.

15 5 SHEETS-SHEET 5 WITNESSES.

l lN ITED STATE-2% PATENT orrron.

rnonas J. LU"Z, JR... or nessrrnnn, onto, ASSIGNOR or ONE-H LF TO A. K LLMERTEnoF MANSFIELD, onio.

EXPLQSlVE-ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented March 27,1903.

Applicationilled in 2, 1904. Saria1No.205,874.

the following is a specification.

This invention relates generally to that class of engines operable under the explosive action of a working agent composed of a mixture of gas, asolene, and air; injected into the engine-cy indcr yankl primarily my invention seeks to provide an engine of the charactor stated of a simple, economical, and st ahle construction, of a high eiliciency, and I capable of being readilv adapted for the varione uses for which explosive-engines are now commonly employed.

in its generic nature my invention cone prchends an improved construction and co operative arrangement of a pair of cylinders pnrnllelly disposed and a single shifting rod common to the pistons in both of the cylinders, carhureting or mixing means, and a workin -agent pump mechanism. Another and essential feature of my invenlion lies in an im roved arrangement enel construction of exhausting-valve mechanisms, means for actuating the some intermitteml and alternately, and clete-nt devices isms adopted to provide for such eilins'fi ments of the several exhaust-valve mechanisms, whereby to change the engine from a oncc vcle to n two-cycle or to a founcycle n its more subordinate features my invention embodies a special arrangement of carburetors or working-agent-mixing devices, shifting-valve devices for controlling the feed of the working agentto the cylinders, and a cooperating governor mechanism for control-' ling the action of the valves that regulate the working-agent feed; and the said invention further consists in certain details of construe: lion and peculiar combination of parts, all of which will be hereinafter cxplained in detail, pointed out in the appended claims, and illustrated in the acminpnnying drawings, in

whlclr- Figure l is a combined top plan and horizontal section of HE) improved engine, llitb'tt". tiun hcin taken practically on the line l 1 of Fig. .2. ig. l is a detail section on the line that cooperate with the said valve meehen 'spproved and suitable manner.

on ine.

a a on Fig. 1. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitndis nal section of the same on the line 2 2 of 1. Fig. 3 is a transverse section of the same i on the line 3 3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is asirnilar view on the line 44 of Fig. 2. Fl 5 is a (letail view which illustrates the cubic-ere haustwalve devices, the gasolene-pump, and the shaft with the cam devices that controls the said exhaust devices. Fig. 5 is a detail view of slide-block and frame. Fig. 6 is, a. detail view showing the manner of connecting one end of the rod G with the crankshaft H. Fig. 6* is a similar view illus-ztret ing the meals of connecting said rod G with the transversely-disposed piston-rod F. Fig.

7 is a detail section of the carburetor or mixing device. Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic side view, parts being in section, of my engine,

illustrating the governor-controlled means forregulating the spring tension against the suction-valves hereinafter referred to. Fig. 9 is a plan view of the same. 10 is a cross-section thereof, and Fig. 11 is a detail sect-ion of the cam device for shifting the rod T enrl its connection with the governor.

In carrying out my inventiontheengine mechanism is niountorl'u' on a stable founda- 8o tion'iiifu'pon which t e en no body or frame 30 is supported and ma e fast in any The e inc frame or body 20 is in the nature of a ho ow casting of a suitable length and width upon which is mounted a air of cylinders l) D disposed in parallel ongitudinal planes and in transverse alineinent. At the front end the engine frame has bolted or otherwise made last thereon vertical standards 20, o provided with hearing-boxes '20 to receive the crank-shaft H, the cranks h h of whicl are disposed at right angles to the crankshaft-that is, parallel to each other on same line of cranli-shsft the reason for which will 9 5 )rescntlv appear. At both ends the shaft H has the usual balance-wheels h h, and at one enrl'ithss the usual belt-pulley k, as shown. Within each end of the cylinders D D o erntc an elongated piston, the opposite hca s :00 of which are concaved and are provided with the usual pnclcin -rings e e, and each of tge pistons E is (IOI'Qtl out to leave a solid rib that extends the full length of the pistons through the center and to provide a hollow space at the side of the said rib. Each cylinthe pistons E, as clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 4, by reference to which it will be also seen that upon both ends of the rod F is fixedly held a cross-head or slide-block 2, that rides n the horizontal guides or slideways Z,

1111:? w ch in my construction are bolted to In d? on the cylinders D D, and the aforesald p stons E each are of such len th that at no part0]? their stroke do the en s thereof pass ack sufficiently to uncover the open ways 2.

The rod F is coupled to the shaft H throu h the medium of a pair of connectin -rods G the front ends of which are forge out into a U shape to provide for conveniently slippin therein onealf of the shaft-bearings h an the other half of saidbearings are formed with apertured lugs h, through which the bifurcated ends g g of the rods G pass and which are made secure by the lock and jam nuts g g, as clearly shown. At the rear or back end each rod has an opening (7 which is cut s uare at three sides, the top, the bottom, and t e back end, while that end of the opening toward the crank-shaft is cut at an an le of approximately sixtyfive de ees. T e bearings that receive the ends 0 the rod F, are slip ed into openings 9 and are held fast by wedge-blocks g, with which engage the iyangled sides of the openin 's g, and the said bearings f are held fast y the adjustin screw, as shown in Fi 6", and the back en s platesf and the cap-bolts f, substantia as shown.

Each cylinder D D has a working-agent inlet and an exhaust for the exploded mixture in one end, and the said inlets and outlets for the c linder D are designated 1 I and Y and while the similar inlets and outlets for the'cylinder D are designated 1 I and Y Y, respectively, and each of theseveral inlets I I I I communicate with the co6p-' rerating inlet-chambers L L" L? L" (best shown in Fig. 2, from which it will be also seenthat each inlet-chamber is fed from carbureters or mixin devices m m m m, the peculiar construction of which will be lpresently ex lained, and each pair of inletsc ambers L l], L L have their working ent opening to the cylinder-heads controlled v a valve, the several valves being-desi nated Z Z Z Z, the said valve being normal y closed by the action of the sprm s S, S, S, and S and arranged to 0 en un er a vacuum created in the ends 0 the cylinders with which they connect. The several IIllXlI1g devices or carburetors before mentioned are each cpnstructed and operate alike, and each conislets of the double truncated casing that discharges into the inlet-chambers L L L L, that communicate through the valved openings with the cylinder-heads, as shown, and the said casings m, m, m, and m terminate in dome portions p, p, p, and p, that have air-inlets p at a point below the asolene-intakes (shown on Fi 7,) which are fed from t e laterals U of t e asolene-feed pipe U, that extends down to t e pump Q, presently again referred to. (See Fig. 2.) The gasolene is admitted to the mixer-casings through needle valves n and percolates through a filling O, of copper-wire gauze, of any suitable mixing device, and the said mixer devices are so arranged that the piston suction draws the air through the inlets 5 and after mixing with the gasolene the result ant working agent is drawn into the cylinder back of the piston. The several intake and outlet chambei on each c linder are mounted upon the en heads J o the said cylinders D D, which heads are bolted to the said cylindflers by long bolt-studs j", as clearly shown in i 1.

Eiiih of the valves Z, Z Z and Z has a longitudinal stem 15, and the outer ends of said stems 15 project and receive the springs s s, s, and s, which are disposed between the nut-washers s and the outer ends of the tubular extensions 6 of the several chambers L, L", L, and L, and the two valves at each end of the cylinders are connected by a transverse bridgeiece 5, against which presses the in ner ends of the valve closing springs, as shown.

By referring now more particularly to Figs. 8, 9, 10, and 11 of the drawings it Wlll be noticed the two bridge-pieces 5 5 are connected to the opposite ends of a shifting rod T, having a projected stud member t, that coacts with a member 0, that connects with the member Cof the governor mechanism, the

connections between the member 0, the governor devices, and the rod T being such that when'the engine runs at a hi her speed than it ought to the governor-ha ls in expanding will push the member C down, and thereby cause the art 0 to move in the direction indicated, an thereby move the bridge-pieces 5 '5 against the springs s s on the stems 15 of the suction-valves, and thus give them more or less tension, whereby to not permit the inletvalves to open totheir fullcxtent, but enough to take in a small charge of working mixture, enough to'make a light impulse, and so on until the speed of the engine decreases to the desired degree, when the tension of the springs e s adjusts the resistance on the suctlon-valves in such manner as to mainta n a substantially uniform feed to the ex losioncompartments. On the members of the governor devices is mounted a bevel-gear c,

IOC

that meshes with a bevel-gear b, which can" rise a chain-wheel b coupled with a chainwheel r on the pump-actuating shaft R. The shaft R extends lengthwise of the engine at a point below and centrally between the two cylinders D D*, and the said shaft R at the front end carries a worm-gear, which meshes with a worm-wheel r mounted upon the shaft H, from which it received motion Each cylinder-head has a ,valved outlet for the burned mixture, and the several outlets (designated Y Y Y Y} are disposed under the in-, lets at the top of the cylindenheads, and each outlet opens into an exhausting chamber through two escape-ports 25 in the same transverse plane, as best shown in Fig. 3, and the several sets of escape-ports are controlled by a pair of valves 25*, mounted upon a sing e stem, longitudinally reciprocable and adapted to be automatically moved to a closing osition. The exhaust-chambers into whic the several ports 25 discharge carry off the exhaust into the exhaust-pipes W W. (Shown in Figs. 2 and 3.) The manner in which the said valves 25* are automatically shifted to their open position and returned to their closed position is best'illustrated in Fig. 8, from which it will be seen that the shaft R has a cam 8 adapted to engage with the up positely-disposed slide-blocks 30, mounted in laiguiderame 31, through which the shaft R passes, andto the said blocks 36 are secured the ends of the stems that carry the valves 25' for the exhausts Y and 1", the several parts-*that is, the shaft with its cam s", the sliding blocks 30, and the valve-stems, to

gether with the guide-frame 3U-being. so oooperatively arranged that, assuming theshaft R to be turned in the direction indicated by the arrow on Fig. 5, when the cam s is in the osition shownnvill have moved the headlilock 3G, with the stem carrying the valves 2 5 for the exhausts Y, outwardly to its limit to open the said valves 25", as shown, thereby providing for the discharge of the exhaust from the cylinder l) to the pipe W, and at the same time the valves 25 for the exhaust Y will be in a position to allow of the springs 35 to close off the cylinder D from the correspending exhaust-offtake W, it being understood that in the continued rotation of the V shaft R the cams" engages with the opposite blocks 30, and thereby shifts theval ves 25* at thatside so as to open the exhaust Y, which closed, by means of s ring 35 valve 25 are drawn in a direction opposite to that to which they'are movedby the cams s by the s ring connection 35, as shown, and each of tlie headblocks has upwardly projecting members 30" to cooperate with gravity latches 40. The purpose of the several latches 40 is to lock either one of the crossheads 3 from moving automatically outand shown for the valves Y Y.

T 1e head -blocks 30;

ward under spring tension and to thereby maintainfany one or more of the exhausts permanently open and to hold either of the slide-blocks 3B in a position so as'to be not engaged by their rcspectivccams s. on the shaft R. By thus arranging the exhaustvalves and providing the means for shifting the same to their open and closed position and providing a means for holding the said valves locked to their open position and in a condition not to be actuated by the cams s 011 the shaft R it follows that any one or more of the said exhausts can be held open, the purpose of which will be presently more fully explained. The front end 101" the shaft R is similarly equipped with a cam S (shown in F lg. 4) for coacting with the valves that control the exhausts Y Y the operation of which is precisely similar to that explained The cams on the rear end of the shaft R is also utilized for operating the gasolenepump, which will be understood by again referring to Fig. 3, from which it will be seen that the pump is disposed directly under the shaft R and in vert ical-alinemcnt with the movement of the carn s and the said pump has its plunger or piston-head projected upward by means of a spring T", disposed about the projected end o the pump-piston and between the head of the pump and a stud-piece t", and the outer end of the plunger or piston head has a rollerbearing t (see Fig. 5,} that engages the shaft R and is arranged to be engaged bythe cam s on said shaft R, and the said roller, with the plunger, has a limited vertical movement through the guideblock 30, as shown,"cngngcd by the cam s as it passes out of engagement with the stem of the valves of one of the exhausts and over to engage with the-str n of the valves or the other exhausts, thus dis charging, as it were, an ejection of the gasolens at each complete rotation of the shaft R. The gasolenc is ejected from the pump through the feed-pipe U to the several mixers or carburetors, and the overt-low from the carburetors passes thrpugh an ofltakc-pipo V basis to the gas'olene-tanlr, as shown. g represents the feed-pipe to the pump from the gasolene-tank. By providing the valve devices For the exhausts and the actuating means therefor, as described, the several exhaust-valves for one cylinder. operate automatically with respect to the double exhaust-valves in the exhaustin end of the othercylinder, and the double exhaust-valves for the two cylinders at each end thereof are also arranged to operate alternately to two revolutions of crankshaft H and to one of shaft R, which is arrived at by the pitch of the car which transmits the motion to the cams iaft ll.

So far as described it will be readily apparut that when all the exhaust-valves are open an explosion occurs alternately at each end.

of the two 0 linders in unison, and when one or more of t e exhaust valves 25 are hooked up the vacuum created by pistons in the cylinders at the end where the valve or valves 25 are hooked up will draw air through the don'- ble exhaustvalve and force it out throu h the said double exhaust-valve again. ShouFd, for example, the 'two istons operating in parallel be travelingin t edirection indicated y the arrow in Fi 1, the charge is ignited at L, while a new c arge is drawn in throu h the inlet-chamber L at the same time t e burned mixture is discharging through the exhaust Y At the reverse movement of the pistons E E the charge is ignited in chamber L, while a new charge is being drawn in through chamber L and a char e is compressing at the end L in cylinder 2 and the burned charge at the end of the c linder D in line with the end L of cylin er D is exhausting through outlet Y.

In my invention I prefer to utilize electric sparking means for exploding. In the drawings, J designates the sparking means, that are fitted into the ends of the cylinders D D by suitable cap-bolts 7c. 23 24 designate the spark-plugs, which are held in the heads J. Then it is desired to convert my engine from a single-cycle engine-that is, an explosion at each complete reciprocating movement of' the two pistons Eit isonly necessary to lock the exhaust-valves Y Y to their open osition by a proper" adjustment of the atches, which are clearly shown in Figs. .3 and 9. When the valves are thus adjusted, the suction action of the pistons freely draws in air through the exhaust; orts Y Y as the said pistons travel forwar to compress the charge last taken in at the front of the pistons, and the air thus drawn in is again forced out through the ports Y Y as the pistons return and finish a complete reciprocal ,or single cycle of motion, it being apparent that under the conditions just mentioned the pistons" after the charge in front of them has been compressed and exploded will have to make another com lete cycle of movement to first force out t is burned mixture at the front end and then draw in a new charge'and return. again to compress the said new charge.

To convert my construction of engine into a four-cycle engmethat is; to effect the op-' erations necessary-to the result, to wit, drawing in a charge, retreatin under the explosive action, and expelling t 'e burned mixture, requiring each a movement of the pistons thereof so that two complete reciprocations in each direction are necessary to complete thrcycle of movement req uiredit is only necessary to open either of See exhansts-y 1 in addition to keeping open the exhausts Y Y b\' adjusting the "alves that cooperate with the uxhnust-ports Y I to keep either an open an stance of the said ports also open.' Assuming the exhaustport'Y* to, be opened to cooperate with the opened exhausts Y Y, the working charge would be then drawn in, com pressed, and exploded at' the front end of the c linder D only, as at no time, by reason of t e free outlets from the ends Y Y in cylinder D and the opened outletY in the cylinder D, would there be a charge taken in at the said ends of the cylinders D D.

, A very important advantage gained by my, construction of engine is that by reason of the dbuble-valve arrangement -that is, two

sets of valves on one stem and two separate discharges in the exhausts from the cylinders the said construction and arrangement of parts reduces back pressure on the pistons to the minimum, and thereby effects a maxi mum amount of power. Another and im portant advantage gained by arranging the exhausts in the manner shown and described, 'and articularly the means provided for looking t e valves to the positions shown, is that when my engine is utilized for automobiles power can be momentarily increawi or diminished, as the conditions maymase desirable, by simply adjusting the latch device for the exhaust-valves, Any adjustment in practice may be effected b any suitable shifting-lever devices operab e from the motor-vehicle seat. 7

When my invention is utilized as an automobile-motor, I prefer to use a float feed for the working agent instead of the special form of carburetor s ormixers hereinafter referred to, and illustrated in the drawings.

X designates the waterpipe that feeds water through the water-s ace 2:, which surrounds the cylinder and t e heads, as shown. Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is l 1. An explosiveengine of the character described which comprises a pair of parallellyarranged working cylinders, an automatically-actuating working-agent feed, and'an exhaust opposite each working-agent feed that form a cooperative part of each offthe working cylinders, a crank-shaft-actuated means for moving the working-cylinder pistons in unison, a air of'valves for each exhaust, a crankshaft-actuated means for alternately shifting the airs of valves in unison, one to ti the other to a closed position, and means, for feeding the working agent to 1thelcylinders at predetermined times, as set ort 1. I

2. In a machine of the character described,

,in combination with the cylinders; the pistons: the'crank-shaft, the valved intake and valved exba'ns'ts arranged Siiifi'i'riiitifiiij' as shou'nzol' a workingm'gent feed for each end of each cylinder, a valve for each of said feeds, a spring that positively forces each of said "connection at each end that oinst actuating s rings the crankshaft which includes able member with "posed cylinders,

described, the

feed contI-oIling valves to closed position, a longitudinally-slnftable bar having a crisis valveat' each end, a governor coupled wit a shiftablemember and a earn-lever connection that couples the governor-actuated shifttrols the valve-springs.

3. In an engine of the character described, the combination with a pair of parallelly-diseach having. an automaticall actuated inlet-valve and an exhaust; va vein each end, a spring for each inlet-valve for forcingsaid valves to their closin position, a bridgemember for each pair oirinletvalve stems that enga inghar that connects oth bridge members, the governor mechanism which includes the vertically-movable rod 0' and the connection 0 that joins the shifting rod '1 and the rod C, all being arranged substantially as shown and for the purposes described.

4. In an explosive-engine of the character combination of a pair oi working cylinders, each having an automatically controlled working-agent inlet and an ex haust opp'osin the inlets, a valve for each exhaust norms Y closed by spring tension, means actuate by the crank-shaft for alternately engaging said exhaust-valves and moving them to their 0 en osition, said means including a slide'b ock or each valve and a detent for each slide-block ada ted to be moved into on agement with t e said blocks to hold them ack out of position to be enga ed by the crank-shaft when the valves are a justed to an open position,

5. An explosive-engine of the character de scribed, which comprises a pair of arallolly-,

disposed working cylinders, each aving an automatically-actuating working-agent feed and an exhaust opposite each working-agent feed; means for con ling the pistons of the two cylinders with t e engine crank-shalt to Work them in unison; a valve for each exhaust; an actuating device for each trans verse air of exhaustcontrolling valves adapts to alternately shift the pairs of valves in unison, one to an open, and the other to a closed position,'and a working-agent feedpump actuated by one of the devices that actuate one pair of exhaust-controllin valves. 6. In an explosive-engine of the character described, the combination with the pair of workin c linders, the pistons therefor, the cranks a. t, said cylinders having a working a -actuatod valve in each end of each cylinder having an exhausting-port, and the working-agent feedg of a valve for each exhaust ort, a device actuated by the crank-shaft. or shifting eachtransversc pair of exhaust valves to open one as the other closes, said the shifting rod that con-' e the springs, a shift-- agent feed-inlet at each end, an automatic valve-shifting devices including a rotary shaft h s a e sence fi e se t lv stems and the plnngerorjpistomhead of the pump asset-Jens. I '7. 9 an explosive-engine, havin a; airof parallel working oy i deraeach o is provided with an hutom'atically-controllcd wor agent inlet in each end, a piston for each 03* inder coupled together and actuated iiiunisonb the crank-shaft; of an exhaust for each end al each cylinder, each exhaust having a controlling-valve, the valves that onpose each other at each end being intransverse alinement, a means for intermittently shifting each of.the pairs of valves to their open positions and a sprin -actuated device for each'valve for moving it positively to its closed position and its stem in position to be engaged by the aforesaid shiftin means.

described, the combination with a pair of Working cylinders each of which has an automatically-controlled working-agent inlet, and an automatically-closed outlet in each end, a workin -agent feed connected with the inlets, valves or the exhaust, means for shifting the said valves operated from the engine crank-shaft to intermittently actuate the several exhaust-valves to move them to an open position, means holding one or more of the said exhaust-outlet-controlling valves to their'open position, as set forth.

9; In a gas-en ine of the character described, the combination witlnthe working cylinders, the automatically-controlled work'- ing-agent inlets, one in each end of each of the cylinders, the crank-shaft, the pistons,

in unison from the crankshaft, a carburetor or mixer connected with each working-agent inlet, a gasolene-pump that connects wit all of the carburetors or mixers; of valves for consliilting said valves to close oil the exhausts and a means for first moving the said valves to their open position and then actuating the gasolene-punip, said means comprising a shaft driven from thecrank-shaft and a cam upon the said shaft adapted to engage the pump-piston and the exhanstcontrolling valves, substantially in the manner shown.

and described 30. In an explosive-engine of the character described, in con'ibi'nation with the two working cylinders each having a valved workingngent inlet at each end and an exhaust op- )osing each inlet. and moans i'm actuating oih pistons in unison from the crank-shaft; of a valve for each exhaust, the pairs of valves at each end heingin transverse alinment and each having a cross-head on its projecting stem, :1 uide for each pair of cross-heads, a

and alternately the exhaust-outlets in each end of the cylin ders, means for coupling the pistons to'move for positively trolling the exhausts. means for automatically spring connected to each cross-head for n11- inglthe sai fi headlolutward to close thelva ves' a (stem or hodn the cross-hear to its rcarmost position \vi th the valve 0 en, and THGMAS the shaft R geared with the crank-s laft and \Vitnesses:

having cams S for engaging the cross-heads FRED MAURER,

on the exhaust-controlling valve-stems, ail GEORGE KEssLER being arrenged substanfially as showfi'and described.

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