US814477A - Nozzle for elastio-fluid turbines - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED MAR. 6,

. R. H. RICE.

NOZZLE FOR ELASTIC FLUID TURBINES.

API LIGATION FILED NOV.19, 1904.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1 GGGGUGGUG I (JG-(ISSUES Inventor Richard H. Rice 5y WW4 o tt Witnesse N0.s14,477. v I PATE-NTED MAR.6,1906. R. H. RICE.

NOZZLE FOR ELASTIC FLUID -TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED NOV.19. 1904.

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NOZZLE FQR ELASTlC-"FLUlD TURBlNES.

Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed November l9 .zraitenteu Maren 6, 1906.

,1904. Serial No. 233,467.

To all whom 7'1 11w 7 non/norm.

Be it known that l, RICHARD citizen of the United States, residing at Swnmpscott, county of Essex, State of Mitscliusetts, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Nozzles i 01 Elastic-- Fluid 'lurhines, of which the following .is a specification.

H. Rich, 1,

The present invention has for its ob ect: to

improve the c nistruction oi nozzles for elzis tic-lluid turbines and also to so err-mi e those parts which convert the pressure of the motivc fluid into velocity and discharge it zigainstthe buckets that they can be readily removed in case of wear or injury and new ones substituted.

A further object ol my invention is to provide menus for directing the iluid particles in their pnssnge through the nozzle ntssnge or passages in such it wary that they will be ofl'cctivelv dischiu 'cd a ainst the buckets.

lo the ncconipnn 'ing iii-swings, which illustrntc. one cmlnnlinient of my inventioi'i, Figure 1 is it view in elevation of a sectionalized nozzle looking into the bowls. Fig. 2 is a view zit right ni'iglcs to that shown in Fig. 1 nith ccrinin ol the ports broken away, which. show the projections for supporting the detnchnhlc nozzles zit various points, the section being tnkcn on line 2 .1 of Fig. Fig. 3 it sectional view to ken on line 3 a ct t ig. t nnd. looking in the direction of the nrrow. Fig. l is n sectional view taken on line i 4 ol Fig. l looking in the direction ol the arrow. Fig. 5 is u sectional view showing o nozzle with partitions for direcing passage of the lluid particles; and Fig. 6 is another view of the some, showing the expansion of the side wnlls 1 represents the casing, and z. n wheel mounted therein having buckets of en suitnblc form. The casing is cut away at some point adjacent to the wheel-buckets to receive the nozzle-plate The is providcd with one or mos: orifices, depending upon the number o't' individual nozzles it has to support. The plate is divided in ii plane passing through the center of nozzle-receiving orifices, so that the nozzles may be rendily slipped into place. to the wheel the plots provided with projection 4, having the some general curvature us that of the wheel. This projection is arranged to engage with the sides of the dist t t (in the side adjacent l l l l l l i g: t

t t t t l t l t t l l charge portion of the nozzle or nozzles and hold it or them in place. The arrangement of the parts for supporting the dischargiportion of the nozzles is best shown in 2 and The parts of the nozzle-plate are secured by means of radially-extending bolts 5. T he plate iiS a whole is secured to the casing or bolts 6. Surroundin the nozzlcdate is it valve-chest T of any suitable construction. The nozzles maybe used as admission-nozzles or as nozzles between stages. case it would not ordinarily be necessary to provide ttVttlVG-0h6Sh 7 but it can be pro vided, if desired.

'l he nozzles are similar in'construction and are alike in form and s ngle of discharge. Each nozzle is provided with o ('lischarge por- .,ion 8, which may be expanding or non-(2X- pending in character. A suitable throat is also provided between the discharge portion and the bowl 9. The latter should be of substantial size and well rounded. The bowl is provided with n flange 10, that is seated in a circular groove or depression in the parts of the nozzle-plate. 'lhe flange constitutes a means for securing the nozzles in place and also a means for insuring a stezun-tight joint. The wall of the nozzle-plate adjacent to the tiring-e preferably overhangs to a slight extent, and the metal ot'whieh the flange is composed is crowded under the said. overhanging wall in a manner well ui'ulerstood. Various other arrangements may be cmpl yed for securing the nozzles in place. without. departing from my invention. The discharge end of each nozzle is also provided with. a hinge l l, which may he secured to the projection on the nozzle-plate in the iminner described in connection with the (hinge ll). lit will thus be seen that each nozzle or, more strictly, ezich nozzle-scction is providcdwith two flanges, one at each end, with the support therefor located between them. Hence the nozzles can be readily chunped in place and yet are easily removed in case it is desired to replace them either with new nozzles of the some form and angle of delivery or with new nozzles having a slightly-dill'erent form and angle of delivery or nozzles having a diil'crent ratio of expansion between the throat. and the discharge end.

The nozzles may be constructed in any suitable manner. I have found that sh In the latter' metal nozzles are satisfactory for the purpose, and these may be formed in a number of diiferent ways. Preferably each nozzle is made of some sort of homogeneous metal which is capable of receivinga smooth finish, since the smoother the surfaces are which are presented to the steam the more eificient will e the action thereof.

Referring to Fig. 5, I have shown an arrangement which is desirable for nozzles handlin largevolumes of steam or other elastic It has been found by experience that Where largehozzle-passages are provided the rticles of the steam do not always flow in parallel lanes and that owing to this fact they tens to cause eddies, and thus decrease the effective action of the nozzle. Again, the bucket-spaces are not always completely filled. To overcome this, I provide thin partitions or laminations, which are located within each of the nozzle-passages and, ex-

tending from the-throat to the discharge end and at every point, are parallel with each other and with two'walls of the nozzle. I "may use one or more of the partitions in each nozzle-passage, as desired, the number varying somewhat, depending upon the capacity of the nozzle. '12 represents the bowl of the nozzle, 13 the throat, and14 the discharge portion. It is to be noted that the upper and lower Walls of the nozzle from the throat 13,190 the discharge end are parallel and that the thin metal partitions 15, located within the discharge portion, are also parallel to each other and to the upper and lower walls. With'such a construction the particles of steam or other elastic fluid will be directed along parallel planes, and the tendency to eddies and other disturbances will be reduced to a minimum. I may use these partitions 1n connection with sheet-metal nozzles of the form shown in Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive, or I may use them in connection with-fcast-metal nozzles or nozzles otherwise formed. In these cases the partitions can be'supported in lonltu'dmal grooves formzd, the side walls or )y other suitable mean Since it is importa t to direct the steam through the nozzles 'in'parallel planes, the expansion mustta. e place at,ri ht angles to the plane of the partition in order to obtain the, most satisfactory results. In Fig. 6 the throat of the nozzle iS' Subst'antially square, and fromthis point to the discharge end the walls 16 and 17 radually diverge. To state the matter in a different way, the expansion in this case takes lace in a radial rather than a oircumi'erentiaF direction. In Fig. 5 is shown the separately-actuated valves 18 for controlling the passage of fluid to the sections or passages of the sectionalized nozzle. These valves are so constructed and arranged "that 'they are fully open or closed, so as not to throttle the admission of fluid to the nozzle-sections. Leading from the valve to the sigma bowl of each section is a passage 1.9 or conveymg motive fluid. These passages may be formed in separate or in a common structure.

The valves may be operated electrically by mechanical means, by hydraulic or other fluid-pressure, or by other means.

I am aware oi the patent to John T. Fanning, No. 123,388, dated February 6, 1872 wherein a gate for a hydraulic turbine is shown having relatively thick partitions and a valve cooperating therewith to cut one section out after the other. In other words, the obj ect of the patent is to change the flow of water; but in doing so a throttling action of each section takes place. My improved construc tion differs from this in that it relates to elas tic-fluid turbines, and the partitions serve only to direct the fluid particles asdistinguished from partitions which cooperate with and form a seat for a valve to regulate the supply of fluid. Again, my improved construction comprises a bowl for each passage, 7

by Letters Patent of the United States, is

1. In a nozzle for elastic-fluid turbines, the combination of one or more separatelyformed nozzles having enlarged bowls, a nozzle-plate having a number of orifices corresponding to the number of nozzles each orifice receiving a bowl, and a means for securing each of the nozzles to the plate.

2. In a nozzle for elastic-fluid turbines, the combination 'of one or more separatelyforined nozzles, each nozzle having a bowl and a discharge portion, a nozzle-plate which is provided with as many orifices as there are nozzles each orifice receiving a bowl, and pro- ]Cl31OI1S or walls that enga e the discharge portion of the nozzle or nozz es.

3. In a nozzle for elastic-fluid turbines, the combination of a nozzle-plate containing one or more orifices, one or more sheet-metal nozzles, each having a discharge portion, and an enlarged flanged bowl, the flange on the bowl or bowls engaging with the plate and acting j as a securing means for the nozzle or nozzles. 4. In anozzle for elastic-fluid turbines, the combination of one or more separatelyformed nozzles, a divided plate which receives the nozzle or nozzles, and means for uniting the parts of the plate.

5. In a nozzle for elastic-fluid turbines, the

combination of a plate having one or more orifices, which is divided in a plane passing through the center of the orifices, nozzles corresponding in number to the orifices, each nozzle bein provided with a bowl which its into an or' ce and a discharge portion, and means for clam ing the parts of the plate around each of t e bowls.

6. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combinat tion of a bucket-wheel, a casing therefor having an opening to receive the nozzle or nozzles, oneor more so arately-formed nozzles, a divided nozzle-p ate which receives the nozzles and supports them at the bowl and also at the discharge ort'ion, and means for uniting the parts of t e nozzle-plate andfor securing the plate to the casing.

7. In a nozzle for elastic-fluid turbines, the combination of side walls therefor, other walls whichse arate the space between the char e portion having plane walls two of whic iai'e parallel, in combination with a plurality of partitions located in the discharge portion and extending from the throat to the end of the nozzle to form individual expanding passages common to the bowl, said partitions being parallel to the parallel walls of the discharge portion and to each other.

9. A sectionalized nozzle for an elasticiluid turbine, comprising a plurality of 11oz zle-passages which are alike in form and ail-- gle of delivery, each passage havin r two parallel walls and two diverging wal s, a bowl and throat for each nozzle, and partitions in each passage which are parallel with said parallel walls.

10. In combination, a nozzle having outwardly-extending end flanges with a divided supporting-plate which engages the nozzle and also both of the flanges.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 17 th day of November, 1904.

l RICHARD ll. RICE.

Witnessesz" DUGALI) McK. McKuiLor.

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