US8136597B2 - Method and system for the extinction of an underwater well for the extraction of hydrocarbons under uncontrolled fluid discharge conditions - Google Patents

Method and system for the extinction of an underwater well for the extraction of hydrocarbons under uncontrolled fluid discharge conditions Download PDF

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Publication number
US8136597B2
US8136597B2 US12/936,625 US93662509A US8136597B2 US 8136597 B2 US8136597 B2 US 8136597B2 US 93662509 A US93662509 A US 93662509A US 8136597 B2 US8136597 B2 US 8136597B2
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vehicles
killing
string
flow
killing string
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US20110056697A1 (en
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Angelo Calderoni
Paolo Ferrara
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Eni SpA
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Eni SpA
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Assigned to ENI S.P.A. reassignment ENI S.P.A. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CALDERONI, ANGELO, FERRARA, PAOLO
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/001—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor specially adapted for underwater drilling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
    • E21B41/0007—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00 for underwater installations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
    • E21B41/0007—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00 for underwater installations
    • E21B41/0014—Underwater well locating or reentry systems
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
    • E21B41/04—Manipulators for underwater operations, e.g. temporarily connected to well heads
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
    • E21B43/0122—Collecting oil or the like from a submerged leakage
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/10—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/10—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements
    • E21B47/107—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements using acoustic means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and system for the extinction or oil well killing or killing of an underwater well for the extraction of hydrocarbons under uncontrolled fluid discharge conditions, also called blowout.
  • the wells are kept under control by means of a column of mud which provides a hydrostatic load sufficient for maintaining overpressure between the well and the external pressure at controlled values.
  • This column of mud also known as primary well control barrier, is present both inside the well and also in a pipe called riser which connects the drilling plant to the sea bottom.
  • blowout preventers which act as valves and can close the well in the case of uncontrolled discharges of fluids from the well itself.
  • Bridging is an uncontrollable event, as it involves the spontaneous collapsing of the well in blowout which generally occurs in the presence of wide sections of uncovered hole.
  • Capping is a valve-closing technique widely used in onshore blowouts, but it is difficult to apply underwater, especially at great depths.
  • a killing intervention consists in the insertion of a specific string of pipes for the extinction (killing string) inside a blowout well.
  • the killing string When inserted in the well, the killing string allows conventional killing techniques to be applied such as the circulation of heavy mud, closure by means of inflatable packers, and so forth.
  • the drilling is effected with the use of a drill ship having a dynamic positioning, whose instantaneous position is controlled by means of global positioning systems or GPS.
  • the killing operation In the case of deep water well blowouts, the killing operation must consequently be effected with this ship. This creates various technical problems in particular linked with the reinsertion of the killing string inside the blowout well: the errors in the dynamic positioning of the drill ship, the sea currents, the currents induced by the blowout flow, also called plume, and the pressure of the plume itself at the well outlet make it difficult to control the head of the killing string from the ship.
  • the reinsertion operation of the killing string in the well requires positioning precision in the order of about ten centimeters.
  • the string in order to also keep the positioning system of the killing string outside the plume, at the same time mechanically keeping it connected with the same, the string must be guided from a safety distance.
  • the positioning system must consequently comprise more than one application point of the guiding forces to minimize the forces and moments to be transmitted to the string and keep them on the vertical of the well.
  • An objective of the present invention is to overcome the above drawbacks and in particular to provide a method and system for the killing of an underwater well for the extraction of hydrocarbons under uncontrolled fluid discharge conditions, which allows a killing string to be used also when the well is situated at great water depths.
  • a further objective of the present invention is to provide a method and system for the killing of an underwater well for the extraction of hydrocarbons under uncontrolled fluid discharge conditions, which makes it possible to guide the insertion of the killing string towards the well in blowout with a high precision and offering sufficient operating safety.
  • Another objective of the present invention is to provide a method and system for the killing of an underwater well for the extraction of hydrocarbons under uncontrolled fluid discharge conditions, which envisages the use of instrumentation generally available on the drill ship currently used.
  • FIG. 1 a is a schematic representation of the underwater well killing method for the extraction of hydrocarbons under uncontrolled fluid discharge conditions according to the present invention in operating phase;
  • FIG. 1 b is an enlarged detail of FIG. 1 a;
  • FIG. 2 a is a perspective view of a constraint group used in the system according to the present invention in an open configuration
  • FIG. 2 b is an enlarged detail of FIG. 2 a;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the piloting system of the remote-operated vehicles used in the system according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a block scheme of the underwater well 2 Q killing method for the extraction of hydrocarbons under uncontrolled fluid discharge conditions according to the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a block scheme of the steps of a first phase of the method of FIG. 4 ;
  • FIG. 6 is a block scheme of the steps of a second phase of the method of FIG. 4 .
  • Said system 10 comprises a constraint group 20 to which a plurality of remote operated vehicles 30 , also called ROV, is rigidly connected.
  • This constraint group 20 comprises hooking means 26 to a string of pipes or killing string 40 , to which at least two anchoring or docking arms 25 are connected.
  • the hooking means 26 are such as to be able to be constrained to the lower end portion 40 b of the killing string 40 consisting of one or more drill pipes or drill collars.
  • the upper and lower interfaces of the drill pipes and collars are such as to be able to assemble other drill pipes and collars above and below them.
  • the hooking means 26 can be slidingly and rotatingly connected to the killing string 40 .
  • the sliding of the hooking means 26 is limited by mechanical end switches 23 present on the same string 40 .
  • Said hooking means 26 are preferably produced by means of three rings 26 a , 26 b connected to each other in line by a plurality of rigid linear elements 26 c.
  • the at least two anchoring or docking arms 25 are hinged onto the intermediate ring 26 a so as to be able to have a closed position, substantially parallel to the killing string 40 , and an open position, in which the docking arms 25 are arranged on a plane orthogonal to the string 40 .
  • the constraint group 20 In a closed position, the constraint group 20 has such dimensions as to pass through a rotating board of the standard type normally used in drilling operations.
  • the opening of the docking arms 25 takes place in water at a pre-established depth. Said opening takes place automatically by the activation of a plurality of hydraulic cylinders 28 which guide the docking arms 25 in rotation to bring them from a closed to an open configuration.
  • the required hydraulic power is stored on the same equipment in hydraulic accumulators housed in the hooking means 26 .
  • the docking arms are equipped at their free end 25 a , with a specific interface 29 of the known type for the hooking of a remote-operated vehicle or ROV 30 .
  • the remote-operated vehicles 30 are each equipped with a compass 31 and an acoustic sensor 32 capable of determining the presence of obstacles and the distance from these through scanning in two directions with an acoustic signal and the subsequent analysis of the echo detected.
  • Said ROVs 30 are connected to a central processing unit 51 which allows the combined control of the vehicles 30 , preferably positioned on a drill ship 50 .
  • the processing unit 51 transmits suitable control signals to the digital communication input channels of the control systems of said ROVs 30 and receives, in input, the signals detected by the acoustic sensors 32 and the instantaneous orientation of the vehicles 30 determined by the compasses 31 .
  • the processing unit 51 input is also connected to an acoustic positioning system 60 , preferably of the transceiver type, situated at the sea bottom, which provides data on the position of the flow of hydrocarbons 70 , and a plurality of sensors 41 situated on the lower end 40 a of the killing string 40 .
  • an acoustic positioning system 60 preferably of the transceiver type, situated at the sea bottom, which provides data on the position of the flow of hydrocarbons 70 , and a plurality of sensors 41 situated on the lower end 40 a of the killing string 40 .
  • the acoustic positioning system 60 is preferably of the LBL (Long Base Line) type in which a plurality of transponders installed on the sea bottom reveals the measurement of the relative distances with respect to the drill ship 50 .
  • LBL Long Base Line
  • the plurality of sensors 41 positioned on the lower end 40 a of the killing string 40 is capable of verifying the correct insertion of the string 40 in the outlet hole of the plume 70 and therefore in the well.
  • the processing unit 51 comprises software means 56 which, on the basis of the input-data received, automatically determine the commands to be sent to the ROVs 30 according to the method discussed further on.
  • the processing unit 51 input is preferably also connected to a display interface 55 for the bidimensional and/or three-dimensional representation of the instantaneous position of the vehicles 30 and the killing string 40 with respect to the flow of fluids 70 and to an interface 52 for the entry of commands by an operator, such as for example a console with a joystick, to allow a manual control.
  • the functioning of the killing system 10 of an underwater well for the extraction of hydrocarbons under an uncontrolled fluid discharge condition according to the present invention is the following.
  • the constraint group 20 is assembled on the killing string 40 , and in particular in correspondence with its lower end portion 40 b , through the assembly of the hooking means 26 and the connection of the docking arms ( 25 ) (phase 110 ).
  • the killing string 40 is then lowered from the ship 50 in a conventional way, i.e. like a set of drill pipes, and on the basis of the information received from the acoustic system 60 , positioned on the sea bottom so that its lower end 40 a is close to the outlet hole of the fluid (phase 120 ).
  • the remote-operated vehicles 30 are in turn lowered from the ship 5 Q (phase 120 ) up to the proximity to the sea bottom (phase 130 ) and piloted separately by an operator, for example through the standard command interface of the vehicles 30 .
  • the plurality of ROVs 30 hooked to the constraint group 20 thus form an overall rigid structure 20 , 30 which can be coordinately controlled through a combined control of the ROVs 30 (phase 160 ).
  • the position of the outlet hole of the flow of fluids 70 is first identified in real time through the information continuously revealed by the acoustic sensors 32 situated on the ROVs 30 (phase 150 ).
  • these sensors 32 are rigidly constrained on the ROVs 30 in order to maintain a reciprocal fixed position and be oriented towards a common detection area.
  • the identification phase 150 in real time of the position of the outlet hole can also be effected through a separate processing unit (not illustrated) which subsequently provides data to the processing unit 51 which determines and transmits the commands to the ROVs.
  • the identification of the position of the outlet hole of the flow of fluids 70 comprises the following steps.
  • the data coming from the plurality of sensors 32 are initially filtered to eliminate the overlying noise.
  • bidimensional images are first created, only comprising points revealed by the sensors 32 with a greater intensity (phase 151 ). These images are then divided into detached regions through a process called segmentation which associates the homogeneous and contiguous portions of image with each other.
  • segmentation which associates the homogeneous and contiguous portions of image with each other.
  • a map is thus formed, which graphically represents a plurality of regions thus identified (phase 152 ) in order to isolate the representation areas of the plume 70 (phase 153 ).
  • This phase 153 is obtained by applying standard bidimensional algorithms to the image revealed by the sensors 32 , such as for example growth algorithms of regions in connected components of the known type, and correcting the result obtained through geometrical information known a priori, such as for example the distance of the single sensors 32 with respect to structures revealed by the same and the substantially vertical direction of the axis of the plume 70 .
  • the regions are initially projected in three-dimensional images and the main inertial axes are calculated to determine the geometrical form of the regions identified.
  • the main axis of the flow itself is identified for the regions characteristic of the plume 70 .
  • Random Sample Consensus known in literature (phase 155 ).
  • a processed three-dimensional image is thus obtained for each sensor 32 to identify, on the same image, the form of the flow of fluid 70 . These however are still single isolated images.
  • phase 156 As these three-dimensional isolated images are acquired according to stereoscopy theories for locating the flow of fluid 70 from different view points, whose reciprocal position is known, they must be subsequently joined to form a single stereoscopic image (phase 156 ).
  • an algorithm for joining the isolated images is applied, using the information on the reciprocal position of the sensors 32 .
  • a Euclidian point-to-point transformation of the points forming the surface of the fluid flow 70 in the image, is preferably used.
  • intersection is estimated of a plane close to the outlet surface of the plume 70 , such as for example the sea bottom, together with the main axis of the plume 70 identified in the previous processing phases.
  • the commands to be sent to the ROVs 30 are processed for piloting the lower end 40 a of the string 40 towards this point.
  • the force and moment are calculated with respect to the mass centre of the overall structure 30 , 20 , previously defined (phase 161 ), necessary for effecting the required shift (phase 162 ).
  • phase 163 the components of the forces which the single ROVs 30 must supply (phase 163 ) are determined through a metrical calculation and corresponding commands are transmitted to the ROVs (phase 164 ).
  • the killing method of an underwater well is thus capable of maintaining the lower end of the killing string 40 above the vertical of the well in blowout to allow its insertion contrasting dynamic disturbances due to currents, ship positioning errors and thrusts of the plume.
  • the string 40 is inserted from the ship 50 into the uncontrolled fluid discharge outlet hole for the depth necessary for effecting the most appropriate killing strategy.
  • the guiding of the string is extremely simplified by the possibility of piloting it in a coordinated manner.
  • the ROVs can be kept far from the plume ensuring their maneuverability out of turbulences and reducing the risk of damage to the instruments used for the killing of the well.
  • the sensors situated on the tip of the killing string allow the guided insertion of the same into the well without damage.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Removal Of Floating Material (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
US12/936,625 2008-04-07 2009-04-06 Method and system for the extinction of an underwater well for the extraction of hydrocarbons under uncontrolled fluid discharge conditions Active US8136597B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000602A ITMI20080602A1 (it) 2008-04-07 2008-04-07 Metodo e sistema di estinzione di un pozzo sottomarino per l'estrazione di idrocarburi in condizione di rilascio incontrollato di fluidi
ITMI2008A0602 2008-04-07
ITMI2008A000602 2008-04-07
PCT/IB2009/005253 WO2009125293A2 (en) 2008-04-07 2009-04-06 Method and system for the extinction of an underwater well for the extraction of hydrocarbons under uncontrolled fluid discharge conditions

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US20110056697A1 US20110056697A1 (en) 2011-03-10
US8136597B2 true US8136597B2 (en) 2012-03-20

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AU (1) AU2009235143B2 (pt)
BR (1) BRPI0911282B1 (pt)
GB (1) GB2472528B (pt)
IT (1) ITMI20080602A1 (pt)
NO (1) NO343958B1 (pt)
WO (1) WO2009125293A2 (pt)

Cited By (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110110582A1 (en) * 2008-04-07 2011-05-12 Eni S.P.A. Method and system for determining the position of a fluid discharge in an underwater environment
US20110299934A1 (en) * 2010-06-08 2011-12-08 Romero Antonio S System and method for plugging a broken fluid delivery pipe
US20130056226A1 (en) * 2011-09-01 2013-03-07 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Diverter spool and methods of using the same
US8684091B2 (en) 2009-09-04 2014-04-01 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Wellbore servicing compositions and methods of making and using same
US11854254B2 (en) 2019-10-18 2023-12-26 Shell Usa, Inc. Systems and methods for initiating adjustment of an operation associated with an underwater drilling system

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US8215405B1 (en) * 2011-03-11 2012-07-10 Jorge Fernando Carrascal Method to shut down a high pressure oil/gas well that is leaking under blowout conditions
EP3476109B1 (en) * 2016-06-24 2020-07-15 Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation Wireless audio source switching
BR112021008529A2 (pt) * 2018-11-01 2021-08-03 Onesubsea Ip Uk Limited sistema e método para localizar um veículo não tripulado submarino

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110110582A1 (en) * 2008-04-07 2011-05-12 Eni S.P.A. Method and system for determining the position of a fluid discharge in an underwater environment
US8644592B2 (en) * 2008-04-07 2014-02-04 Eni S.P.A. Method and system for determining the position of a fluid discharge in an underwater environment
US8684091B2 (en) 2009-09-04 2014-04-01 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Wellbore servicing compositions and methods of making and using same
US20110299934A1 (en) * 2010-06-08 2011-12-08 Romero Antonio S System and method for plugging a broken fluid delivery pipe
US20130056226A1 (en) * 2011-09-01 2013-03-07 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Diverter spool and methods of using the same
US8997879B2 (en) * 2011-09-01 2015-04-07 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Diverter spool and methods of using the same
US11854254B2 (en) 2019-10-18 2023-12-26 Shell Usa, Inc. Systems and methods for initiating adjustment of an operation associated with an underwater drilling system

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GB2472528A (en) 2011-02-09
BRPI0911282B1 (pt) 2019-02-12
GB2472528B (en) 2012-05-09
WO2009125293A3 (en) 2010-03-25
US20110056697A1 (en) 2011-03-10
AU2009235143B2 (en) 2014-11-20
ITMI20080602A1 (it) 2009-10-08
BRPI0911282A2 (pt) 2015-09-29
NO343958B1 (no) 2019-07-29
NO20101500L (no) 2010-12-17
AU2009235143A1 (en) 2009-10-15
GB201017581D0 (en) 2010-12-01
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