US8062600B2 - Arrangement for separating coarse ash out of a flue gas stream - Google Patents
Arrangement for separating coarse ash out of a flue gas stream Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US8062600B2 US8062600B2 US12/421,401 US42140109A US8062600B2 US 8062600 B2 US8062600 B2 US 8062600B2 US 42140109 A US42140109 A US 42140109A US 8062600 B2 US8062600 B2 US 8062600B2
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- flue gas
- sieve
- catalytic converter
- channel portion
- separator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related, expires
Links
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000482268 Zea mays subsp. mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/8631—Processes characterised by a specific device
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D45/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
- B01D45/04—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by utilising inertia
- B01D45/08—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by utilising inertia by impingement against baffle separators
Definitions
- the present invention relates in general to the field of coal-fired power stations having a dry firing, and in particular to an arrangement for separating coarse ash out of a flue gas stream, a separator sieve being disposed in a flue gas channel that leads to a catalytic converter for reducing the NO x level and/or a heat exchanger for pre-heating combustion air.
- ash is produced as dry dust that is partially carried along by the flue gas stream.
- an exceeding of the ash-softening point can occur locally.
- the resulting coarse ash particles can, as is known, clog the channel walls of catalytic converters, provided for reducing the NO x level, of flue gas cleaning devices, and/or can lead to significant pressure drops in the catalytic converter, in the following air pre-heater and/or in the electrostatic filter.
- the separator sieve is disposed approximately vertically at the inlet of a flue gas channel.
- the coarse ash particles are shaken off into an ash hopper that precedes the sieve.
- separator modules that at the in-flow side are made of a material having a high mechanical wear resistance, such as a ceramic or sintered material, the durability of the sieve arrangement in flue gas channels can be considerably improved at high flue gas flow velocities. Due to the large dimensions of the sieve cross-sections in the flue gas channel, such sieve arrangements of wear-resistant materials entail considerable manufacturing costs.
- FIG. 1 shows part of a flue gas channel having a relatively narrow, horizontal channel portion, a deflection portion provided with deflection elements, and a significantly widened vertical portion in which a sieve-like plate for separating out coarse ash is installed upstream of a catalytic converter for reducing the NO x level;
- FIG. 2 is a perspective partial view of the sieve-like plate from the encircled portion II in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 2A is a detailed view of part of a pleated sieve-like plate from an encircled portion of FIG. 2 ;
- FIG. 2B is a front view of a groove formed between two adjacent sieve plate portions
- FIG. 2 c is a perspective partial view of the groove region, the individual sieve sections and the groove base being embodied as a bar screen;
- FIG. 3 is a detailed view of the encircled portion III of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view similar to that of FIG. 1 through a modified embodiment of the invention, wherein a ridged roof shaped sieve-like plate is installed in the upper widened and vertically disposed flue gas channel portion that adjoins the deflection area, and wherein a flow straightening means is disposed between the ridged roof shaped separator plate and the first stage of the catalytic converter for reducing the NO x level;
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a bar screen that, pursuant to a preferred embodiment of the invention, is used as a coarse ash separation module;
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view through the crossbars or tie bars of a bar screen embodiment that is modified relative to FIG. 5 , the tie bars being embodied as flow straightener elements.
- the catalytic converter for reducing the NO x level in the flue gas stream is disposed in a widened channel portion of the flue gas channel, and the separator sieve is also disposed in the widened channel portion, wherein the separator sieve extends over essentially the entire cross-section of the widened channel portion and is provided with a plurality of openings for the passage of flue gas therethrough, each opening having a cross-section that is smaller than the cross-section of coarse ash particles that are to be separated out.
- the present application proceeds from the consideration that the flue gas channel portion that accommodates the catalytic converter for reducing the NO x level has a relatively large opening cross-section even when the flow velocity in the generally considerably narrower flue gas channel portion that is close to the boiler is high. Consequently, the flow velocity, and hence the abrasion effect, are considerably less in the flue gas channel portion that accommodates the catalytic converter, as a result of which the durability of the sieve arrangement is improved many times over, even when expensive metallic sieve materials are used.
- the widened portion of the flue gas channel extends essentially vertically and adjoins a narrower, essentially horizontal flue gas channel portion
- deflection elements are disposed in the connection region
- the separator sieve is disposed downstream of the deflection elements and upstream of a flow straightening means that is in turn disposed upstream of the catalytic converter.
- the separator sieve is preferably embodied as a separator plate that is inclined relative to a horizontal plane at an angle of inclination of 10° ⁇ 50° and that is installed in the vertical portion of the flue gas channel.
- At least one discharge opening Formed in the region of the lower end of the separator plate is at least one discharge opening in an adjacent wall of the flue gas channel for the withdrawal of the coarse ash particles that are separated out.
- the at least one discharge opening can be connected by an external bypass line with the flue gas channel downstream of the catalytic converter arrangement.
- the sieve-like plate be composed of sections that are folded or pleated in a zigzagged manner, with the fold lines thereof extending in the direction of incline. Between each two V-shaped adjacent pleat sections of the sieve-like plate, a groove can be formed for the withdrawal of the coarse ash particles that are separated out. In this connection, each groove is preferably connected to a discharge opening.
- the angle of inclination is such that the coarse ash particles that are separated out flow or are shaken off toward the side in the direction of the discharge opening under the force of gravity, aided by the slight pulsations of the flue gas stream that are generally present.
- a particularly durable embodiment that favors a flowing or shaking off of the coarse ash particles that are separated out is characterized in that the separator sieve is embodied as a bar screen, according to which the openings are gap shaped and are delimited by parallel rods that have an approximately triangular cross-section and are interconnected, to form a rigid module, by transversely extending tie bars, whereby the gap-shaped openings have a cross-sectional area that increases from the entry side to the exit side.
- two bar screen modules are interconnected in an essentially V-shaped manner to form a plate groove, and the bar screen bars that delimit the openings are disposed essentially at right angles to the path or orientation of the grooves in order to convey the coarse ash particles into the groove.
- the coarse ash particles that are separated out can flow off in an unobstructed manner into the groove, and from there can be conveyed to the discharge opening.
- This withdrawal of the coarse ash particles via the grooves is enhanced by a suitable inclination of the grooves relative to a side wall of the flue gas channel portion.
- the withdrawal of the coarse ash particles via the groove can be improved, for example, by acoustical horns to produce shock waves or by other suitable particle-conveying measures.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic partial view of a flue gas channel 1 having a horizontal channel portion 2 and a vertical channel portion 3 , i.e. a channel portion that is perpendicular to the channel portion 2 , that is considerably wider than the horizontal channel portion 2 .
- a group of vane-like deflection elements 4 Disposed in the transition zone between the narrow channel portion 2 and the widened channel portion 3 is a group of vane-like deflection elements 4 that deflect the flue gas stream vertically downwardly and distribute it over the widened cross-section of the flue gas channel portion 3 .
- a perforated of sieve-like plate or similar element 10 that serves for the separation of coarse ash and that is inclined relative to the horizontal is installed.
- the sieve-like plate 10 comprises a plurality of openings for the passage of flue gas, whereby each opening has a cross-section that is smaller than a cross-section of the coarse ash particles that are to be separated off.
- the separator sieve or plate 10 extends essentially over the entire cross-section of the widened flue gas channel portion 3 .
- the sieve-like plate 10 of the embodiment described has a pleating that serves for enlarging the surface area of the sieve and is schematically illustrated in FIG. 2 .
- the configuration of the top or ridge 11 is shown in FIG. 2A and the configuration of the groove 12 that is formed at the bottom between two sieve portions 13 that are adjacent to one another is shown in FIG. 2B .
- all of the sieve modules or portions are embodied as bar screens, whereby the parallel bars that define the gaps of the sieve are, pursuant to the illustration in FIG. 2C , disposed essentially at right angles to the path or orientation of the adjacent groove 12 .
- This arrangement of the bar screen has the advantage that ash particles that are separated off at the pleated bar screen portions slide down on the respectively parallel bar screen bars under the influence of gravity and under the influence of the flue gas stream, and fall into the groove 12 .
- the function and configuration of the bar screen will be described in greater detail subsequently in conjunction with FIG. 5 .
- the grooves 12 of the pleated sieve portions or bar screens modules 13 are inclined downwardly from the upper right to the lower left, and are in communication with a discharge opening 15 that is disposed in an adjacent side wall of the flue gas channel portion 3 .
- a bypass line 16 that extends along or in the flue gas channel portion 3
- the discharge opening 15 is connected with the flue gas channel portion 3 a downstream of the catalytic converter arrangement 5 .
- This arrangement has the advantage that the coarse ash particles that are separated off are returned into the flue gas stream while bypassing the catalytic converter 5 and are not harmful to the sensitive catalytic converter stages that are provided for reducing the NO x level.
- the pressure drops over the catalytic converter arrangement can be utilized for improving the transport of the coarse ash particles that are separated off.
- the bypass line or channel 16 are accessible by means of a closable inspection opening 17 .
- the incline illustrated in FIG. 1 normally suffices for moving the separated-off coarse ash particles along the parallel grooves 12 and suitable connecting paths to the discharge opening 15 . This is all the more true since the exhaust or flue gas stream is deflected at the exit surfaces of the separator sieve and is swirled, as a result of which coarse ash particles that adhere are loosened from their separator locations.
- the bar screen effect is furthermore extremely favorable for cleaning the sieve pleats, since toward the downstream or discharge side the gaps enable an unobstructed rolling off of coarse ash particles, which is in contrast to conventional meshes or interwoven sieves.
- the arrangement schematically illustrated in FIG. 4 differs from that of FIG. 1 in that in place of a sieve-like plate 10 that is inclined toward one side, a sieve-like plate 20 in the shape of a gable roof or ridged roof is installed in the widened portion 3 of the flue gas channel.
- the installed position of the ridged roof like sieve plate 20 corresponds in principle to that of the sieve plate 10 that is inclined toward one side.
- a straightening means 6 is installed downstream of the ridged roof like sieve plate 20 , and upstream of the catalytic converter arrangement 5 that is intended to straighten the flow exiting the pleated sieve-like plate 20 approximately into the vertical direction.
- Such straightening means are known.
- the configuration of the two oppositely inclined sections 21 and 22 of the ridged roof plate 20 respectively corresponds to that of the separator sieve 10 in the embodiment of FIG. 1 .
- discharge openings 15 and bypass lines 16 are disposed on two opposite side walls of the flue gas channel portion 3 , and in particular in such a way that the ash particles, which respectively flow off toward the side (in opposite directions) via the grooves, are conveyed into the channel portion 3 a downstream of the catalytic converter arrangement 5 via separate bypass lines 16 .
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view through part of a bar screen.
- the parallel sieve bars 30 have an approximately triangular cross-sectional profile and delimit gaps or openings 31 that are widened in the direction of flow, which is designated by the arrow A.
- the downstream edges of all of the bars 30 that are part of a sieve module are interconnected by tie bars or crossbars 32 to form a rigid structural component.
- the coarse ash particles that collect on the surface of the bar screen at the entry of the gaps can slide or roll off in an unobstructed manner in the direction of the gap, as a result of which even a slight inclination of the sieve-like plate, for example in the range of between 10 and 30°, under unfavorable conditions up to 50°, is adequate to keep the rolling-off mechanism in motion.
- the use of a bar screen as the sieve-like plate 10 or 20 enables, with a suitable configuration of the connection tie bars 32 , the integration of the straightening function of the flow straightener means 6 ( FIG. 4 ) into the sieve-like plate 10 or 20 .
- FIG. 6 schematically illustrates how the connecting tie bars 32 can, for example, be laid out in order to fulfill the desired straightening function with the bar screen.
- the inclination of the rib-like connection tie bars 32 conforms to the inclination of the modules of the separator sieve 10 or 20 ; desired is a positioning of the ribs 32 approximately parallel to the direction of passage of the flow through the catalytic converter arrangement 5 , i.e. vertically.
- deviations herefrom are not harmful, especially if the flow velocities in the widened portion 3 of the flue gas channel are relatively low.
- a separator sieve can extend or be disposed approximately horizontally, in other words parallel to the first stage of the catalytic converter for reducing the NO x level, possibly directly on the inflow side thereof.
- the embodiment of the separator sieve as a bar screen has special advantages, since it can be cleaned relatively easily, whether by mechanical movement, shock waves, worm conveyors, or in a pneumatic manner.
- the bar screen has a considerably greater durability and therefore requires a correspondingly lower expenditure for maintenance.
- an interwoven mesh preferably inclined, can also be installed into the widened portion 3 of the flue gas channel.
- the installation height for the sieve-like plate is low due to local conditions, the use of the ridged roof shaped construction of the sieve-like plate of FIG. 4 is recommended, since with such a construction the installation height, at the same inclination of the two sieve sections 21 and 22 ( FIG. 4 ), is considerably lower than is the installation height of the sieve-like plate 10 , which is inclined toward only one side.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
- Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
- Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/421,401 US8062600B2 (en) | 2005-02-14 | 2009-04-09 | Arrangement for separating coarse ash out of a flue gas stream |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP05003113A EP1690588B1 (en) | 2005-02-14 | 2005-02-14 | Device for separating coarse ash from a flue gas stream |
EP05003113 | 2005-02-14 | ||
DE05003113.7 | 2005-02-14 | ||
US11/354,298 US7531143B2 (en) | 2005-02-14 | 2006-02-14 | Arrangement for separating coarse ash out of a flue gas stream |
US12/421,401 US8062600B2 (en) | 2005-02-14 | 2009-04-09 | Arrangement for separating coarse ash out of a flue gas stream |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/354,298 Division US7531143B2 (en) | 2005-02-14 | 2006-02-14 | Arrangement for separating coarse ash out of a flue gas stream |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20090202401A1 US20090202401A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
US8062600B2 true US8062600B2 (en) | 2011-11-22 |
Family
ID=34933747
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US11/354,298 Active 2027-06-09 US7531143B2 (en) | 2005-02-14 | 2006-02-14 | Arrangement for separating coarse ash out of a flue gas stream |
US12/421,401 Expired - Fee Related US8062600B2 (en) | 2005-02-14 | 2009-04-09 | Arrangement for separating coarse ash out of a flue gas stream |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US11/354,298 Active 2027-06-09 US7531143B2 (en) | 2005-02-14 | 2006-02-14 | Arrangement for separating coarse ash out of a flue gas stream |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US7531143B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1690588B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE462487T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE502005009308D1 (en) |
PT (1) | PT1690588E (en) |
Cited By (2)
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WO2014171923A1 (en) * | 2013-04-16 | 2014-10-23 | Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies | Inclined perforated plate at radial inlet |
US8936662B2 (en) | 2012-10-02 | 2015-01-20 | Integrated Global Services, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for large particle ash separation from flue gas using screens having semi-elliptical cylinder surfaces |
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US8475573B2 (en) * | 2009-08-25 | 2013-07-02 | Babcock & Wilcox Power Generation Group, Inc. | System and method for protection of SCR catalyst |
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US8425850B1 (en) | 2010-12-08 | 2013-04-23 | American Electric Power Company, Inc. | Large particle ash mitigation system |
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CN105972996A (en) * | 2016-07-23 | 2016-09-28 | 芜湖长启炉业有限公司 | Low-resistance grain drying system |
EP3290792A1 (en) | 2016-08-30 | 2018-03-07 | YARA International ASA | Scr-system for removing ash from a flue gas stream generated in a combustion system |
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EP3417927A1 (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2018-12-26 | Yara International ASA | Scr-system for removing ash from a flue gas stream generated in a combustion system |
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US11898109B2 (en) | 2021-02-25 | 2024-02-13 | Marathon Petroleum Company Lp | Assemblies and methods for enhancing control of hydrotreating and fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) processes using spectroscopic analyzers |
US11692141B2 (en) | 2021-10-10 | 2023-07-04 | Marathon Petroleum Company Lp | Methods and systems for enhancing processing of hydrocarbons in a fluid catalytic cracking unit using a renewable additive |
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US5043146A (en) | 1987-11-12 | 1991-08-27 | Babcock-Hitachi Kabushiki Kaisha | Denitration reactor |
US5318755A (en) | 1992-11-30 | 1994-06-07 | A. Ahlstrom Corporation | Method and apparatus for cleaning flue gases |
DE4436207A1 (en) | 1994-01-06 | 1995-07-13 | Ver Energiewerke Ag | Boiler flue catalyst |
WO2004079034A1 (en) | 2003-03-07 | 2004-09-16 | Metalspray International L.C. | Wear resistant screen |
US6994036B2 (en) | 2002-06-20 | 2006-02-07 | Steag Encotec Gmbh | Coal-fired power station |
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DE4106535A1 (en) * | 1991-03-01 | 1992-09-03 | Degussa | MONOCLIN'S ZIRCONOXIDE, PROCESS FOR ITS PRODUCTION AND USE |
-
2005
- 2005-02-14 DE DE502005009308T patent/DE502005009308D1/en active Active
- 2005-02-14 EP EP05003113A patent/EP1690588B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-02-14 PT PT05003113T patent/PT1690588E/en unknown
- 2005-02-14 AT AT05003113T patent/ATE462487T1/en active
-
2006
- 2006-02-14 US US11/354,298 patent/US7531143B2/en active Active
-
2009
- 2009-04-09 US US12/421,401 patent/US8062600B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5043146A (en) | 1987-11-12 | 1991-08-27 | Babcock-Hitachi Kabushiki Kaisha | Denitration reactor |
US5318755A (en) | 1992-11-30 | 1994-06-07 | A. Ahlstrom Corporation | Method and apparatus for cleaning flue gases |
DE4436207A1 (en) | 1994-01-06 | 1995-07-13 | Ver Energiewerke Ag | Boiler flue catalyst |
US6994036B2 (en) | 2002-06-20 | 2006-02-07 | Steag Encotec Gmbh | Coal-fired power station |
WO2004079034A1 (en) | 2003-03-07 | 2004-09-16 | Metalspray International L.C. | Wear resistant screen |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8936662B2 (en) | 2012-10-02 | 2015-01-20 | Integrated Global Services, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for large particle ash separation from flue gas using screens having semi-elliptical cylinder surfaces |
US9636619B2 (en) | 2012-10-02 | 2017-05-02 | Integrated Global Services, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for large particle ash separation from flue gas using screens having semi-elliptical cylinder surfaces |
US9649586B2 (en) | 2012-10-02 | 2017-05-16 | Integrated Global Services, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for large particle ash separation from flue gas using screens having semi-elliptical cylinder surfaces |
WO2014171923A1 (en) * | 2013-04-16 | 2014-10-23 | Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies | Inclined perforated plate at radial inlet |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7531143B2 (en) | 2009-05-12 |
US20090202401A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
US20060210456A1 (en) | 2006-09-21 |
ATE462487T1 (en) | 2010-04-15 |
EP1690588B1 (en) | 2010-03-31 |
PT1690588E (en) | 2010-05-31 |
EP1690588A1 (en) | 2006-08-16 |
DE502005009308D1 (en) | 2010-05-12 |
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