CN114288847B - SCR denitration device with uniform flue gas flow field flow velocity and ammonia concentration distribution - Google Patents
SCR denitration device with uniform flue gas flow field flow velocity and ammonia concentration distribution Download PDFInfo
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- CN114288847B CN114288847B CN202111596834.XA CN202111596834A CN114288847B CN 114288847 B CN114288847 B CN 114288847B CN 202111596834 A CN202111596834 A CN 202111596834A CN 114288847 B CN114288847 B CN 114288847B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a selective catalytic reduction method device. The technical scheme is as follows: an SCR denitration device with uniform flue gas flow field flow velocity and ammonia concentration distribution comprises a denitration tower provided with a reducing agent uniform-spraying mechanism and a catalyst mounting layer; the method is characterized in that: the cross section of the denitration tower is rectangular; the upper part of the inner cavity of the denitration tower is provided with a flue gas flow equalizing mechanism; the flue gas flow equalizing mechanism comprises a flow guide structure, a flow buffering structure and a rectifying structure which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the guide structure comprises a herringbone guide plate, a certain horizontal distance is kept between the left side edge and the right side edge of the guide plate and the inner wall of the denitration tower, and downward extending baffles are further arranged on the two side edges of the guide plate; the slow flow structure comprises a grid plate and supporting platforms arranged on two sides of the grid plate, supporting plates lower than the grid plate are arranged on the bottom surfaces of the supporting platforms, and surrounding plates extending upwards are arranged on the periphery of the supporting plates. The denitration device can improve the denitration efficiency and reduce the concentration of ammonia escape on the premise of not increasing the quantity of catalysts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) device, in particular to an SCR denitration device with uniform flue gas flow field and flow velocity distribution and uniform ammonia concentration distribution.
Background
Along with the development of economic society of China, the environmental pollution caused by energy consumption is increasingly serious, and China takes coal as a main energy structure, so that NO is caused X The discharge amount is high. In order to control the emission of nitrogen oxides, the national nitrogen oxide emission policy standard is becoming strict, so the denitration system has become an indispensable ring in each power plant flue gas treatment system, and the SCR external denitration system is one of the most widely used flue gas treatment modes with the highest denitration efficiency in various denitration systems.
The chemical nature of the denitration process of the SCR selective catalytic reduction reaction means that NH is reacted under the action of a catalyst 3 First of all, the intermediate active substance is adsorbed by the active centers on the inner surface of the catalyst to form an intermediate active substance, which is then mixed with NO X The reduction reaction occurs, and the original reaction pathway is changed, and the activation energy of the reaction is lowered, so that the reaction can occur relatively easily.
Several key factors affecting the denitration performance of the SCR are as follows: reaction temperature, flue gas velocity, type, structure and surface area of catalyst and flue gas/ammonia mixing effect. The function of the catalyst is key, and the efficiency of a denitration system is improved and the ammonia escape rate is reduced by adjusting the flue gas speed entering the catalyst and the mixing effect of flue gas/ammonia gas under the condition that the denitration reaction temperature, the brand, the type, the structure and the surface area of the catalyst are determined.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the background art and provide the SCR denitration device with uniform flue gas flow field flow velocity and ammonia concentration distribution, and the denitration device can effectively improve the denitration efficiency and reduce the ammonia escape concentration on the premise of not increasing the number of catalysts.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an SCR denitration device with uniform flue gas flow field flow velocity and ammonia concentration distribution comprises a denitration tower provided with a reducing agent uniform-spraying mechanism and a catalyst mounting layer; the method is characterized in that: the cross section of the denitration tower is rectangular; the upper part of the inner cavity of the denitration tower is provided with a flue gas flow equalizing mechanism; the flue gas flow equalizing mechanism comprises a flow guide structure, a flow buffering structure and a rectifying structure which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the guide structure comprises a herringbone guide plate, a certain horizontal distance is kept between the left side edge and the right side edge of the guide plate and the inner wall of the denitration tower, and downward extending baffles are further arranged on the two side edges of the guide plate; the slow flow structure comprises a grid plate and support platforms arranged on two sides of the grid plate, wherein a support plate lower than the grid plate is arranged on the bottom surface of each support platform, and surrounding plates extending upwards are arranged on the periphery of each support plate; the rectifying structure comprises a plurality of rectifying plates which are arranged at the same horizontal position and are arranged in a fan shape.
The supporting plates of the supporting platforms are obliquely arranged, and an upper layer of grid plate and a lower layer of grid plate which are horizontally arranged are arranged between the supporting platforms at two sides.
The included angle of the guide plate is 155-160 degrees; the horizontal projection area of the guide plate is 3/5-2/3 of the cross section area of the denitration tower.
The length of the downward extension of the baffle is 150-250 mm; the distance between the guide plate and the grid plate is 600-800 mm.
In the rectifying structure, the central rectifying plate is vertically arranged, the rectifying plates on two sides are obliquely arranged, and the extension lines of the planes of the rectifying plates intersect at one point on the central line of the plane of the lower grid plate.
In the rectifying structure, the included angle between the two outermost rectifying plates is 115 degrees and 140 degrees.
In the rectification structure, the included angle of two adjacent rectification plates is 15 degrees.
The top of the enclosing plate is provided with guide plates which are obliquely arranged, and the guide plates enclose a horn mouth with a large upper part and a small lower part.
The reducing agent spraying mechanism is arranged in an air inlet pipe at the top of the denitration tower; the reducing agent spraying mechanism comprises a main pipe and a plurality of spray pipes which are communicated with the main pipe and horizontally extend into the air inlet pipe, and nozzles are arranged at the bottoms of the spray pipes.
The catalyst mounting layer is arranged below the flue gas flow equalizing mechanism in the inner cavity of the denitration tower.
The beneficial effects of the invention are:
according to the invention, the flue gas flow field and flow velocity distribution entering the denitration tower are uniform by additionally arranging the flue gas flow equalizing mechanism on the denitration tower, and the concentration distribution of the denitration reducing agent (ammonia) is uniform, so that the flue gas, the ammonia and the catalyst in the denitration tower are ensured to be fully contacted, and therefore, the denitration efficiency of the system is improved and the concentration of ammonia escape is reduced on the premise of not increasing the number of the catalysts.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a flue gas flow equalizing mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of a baffle of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic top view of a slow flow structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic front view of the reducing agent equal-spraying mechanism of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic bottom view of the reducing agent spray mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a grid division diagram of the denitration tower three-dimensional modeling of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a pressure distribution diagram inside the denitration tower of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a flue gas velocity distribution diagram inside the denitration tower of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a distribution diagram of flue gas velocity vectors inside the denitration tower of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a cloud view of the velocity distribution of the catalyst inlet plane in the denitration tower of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a cloud view (with the deflector removed) of the velocity distribution inside the denitration tower of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a flue gas flow line distribution diagram inside the denitration tower of the present invention.
FIG. 14 shows NH in a denitration column of the present invention 3 And (4) streamline distribution diagram.
FIG. 15 is a graph showing the distribution of the ammonia concentration in the denitration tower of the present invention.
Fig. 16 is a catalyst inlet plane ammonia concentration distribution diagram inside the denitration tower of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the drawings attached to the specification, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
As shown in fig. 1, an SCR denitration device with uniform flue gas flow field flow velocity and ammonia concentration distribution includes a denitration tower 11. The denitration tower is characterized in that a flue gas inlet is formed in the top of the denitration tower, a flue gas outlet is formed in the bottom of the denitration tower, an air inlet pipe 12 is communicated with the flue gas inlet, a reducing agent equal-spraying mechanism 4 is arranged in the air inlet pipe, a flue gas flow equalizing mechanism is arranged on the upper portion of an inner cavity of the denitration tower, a catalyst mounting layer (comprising a catalyst standby mounting layer 5, an upper catalyst mounting layer 6 and a lower catalyst mounting layer 7; in the existing structure) is further arranged below the flue gas flow equalizing mechanism, and the cross section of the denitration tower is rectangular.
The flue gas flow equalizing mechanism comprises a flow guide structure 1, a slow flow structure 2 and a rectification structure 3. The flow guide structure, the slow flow structure and the rectification structure are sequentially arranged from top to bottom (along the flowing direction of flue gas).
In the flow guide structure, two flow guide plates 1.1 are arranged symmetrically in a herringbone manner (the central symmetrical line of the herringbone is the central axis of the denitration tower), the included angle is 155-160 degrees, and the horizontal projection area of the flow guide plate is 3/5-2/3 of the cross-sectional area of the denitration tower. In the horizontal direction of fig. 2, the width of the two guide plates is 3/5-2/3 of the width of the denitration tower, the horizontal distance between the two side edges of the guide plates and the inner wall of the denitration tower is 150-250 mm, the two edges are also provided with downward extending baffles 1.2, and the downward extending length of the baffles is 150-250 mm. In the vertical direction of fig. 3, both side edges of the guide plate are fixed to the inner wall of the denitration tower. The guide plate passes through support 1.3 and denitration tower inner wall is fixed.
The flow slowing structure is arranged below the flow guide structure. In the slow flow structure, grid plate 2.1 sets up in the middle, and two saddle set up respectively in the both sides of grid plate, and the denitration tower inner wall is tightly hugged closely around the slow flow structure. The grid plate is horizontally arranged and has an upper layer structure and a lower layer structure, and the upper and lower distances between the guide plate and the grid plate are 600-800 mm.
The saddle includes the layer board 2.2 of slope arrangement, set up at layer board border and the bounding wall 2.3 that upwards extends and set up 2.4 at the deflector top all around. The supporting plate is arranged below the grid plate and is obliquely arranged, and one side of the supporting plate close to the grid plate is slightly higher than one side of the supporting plate far away from the grid plate. And the guide plate above the coaming is encircled to form a horn mouth with a large upper part and a small lower part. The saddle passes through crossbeam 2.5 and denitration tower inner wall is fixed, and the graticule then is fixed with the saddle. The proportion of the mesh area of the grid plate to the area of the grid plate is 50-60%; the mesh shape of the grid plate is preferably rhombic or rectangular; the long diagonal directions of the meshes of the upper and lower layers of grid plates are crossed by 90 degrees by adopting rhombic meshes.
The rectifying structure comprises a plurality of rectifying plates 3.1 which are arranged at the same horizontal height, and two ends of each rectifying plate in the length direction are tightly attached to the inner wall of the denitration tower (the top ends of all the rectifying plates are positioned at the same horizontal plane, the distance between the horizontal plane and the plane of the lower grid plate is preferably 400mm-600mm, and the width of each rectifying plate is preferably 500mm-1200 mm). As shown in fig. 2, the rectifying plates are arranged in a fan shape, the rectifying plate at the center is arranged vertically, the rectifying plates at the two sides are arranged in an inclined manner, the extension lines of the planes of the rectifying plates are intersected at the same point on the center line of the plane of the lower grid plate, the distance between the top ends of two adjacent rectifying plates is smaller than that between the bottom ends of the two adjacent rectifying plates, the included angle between the two outermost rectifying plates is 115 degrees and 140 degrees, and the included angle between the two adjacent rectifying plates is the same (preferably 15 degrees). Every cowling panel all is fixed with denitration tower inner wall through backup pad 3.2.
In the reducing agent spraying mechanism, a header pipe 4.1 is arranged outside an air inlet pipe, a plurality of horizontally arranged and mutually parallel spray pipes 4.2 are communicated with the header pipe at the same time, the spray pipes also extend into the air inlet pipe, and the bottoms of the spray pipes are provided with nozzles.
The structure and the size of the flue gas flow equalizing mechanism are repeatedly designed and researched, the flow equalizing effect of the flue gas flow equalizing mechanisms with different sizes and structures is obtained through 1:1 full-size three-dimensional modeling and smooth analysis, and finally, the design scheme when the flow equalizing effect reaches the best is obtained: the design of the herringbone guide plate is necessary, the included angle of the herringbone guide plate is controlled between 155 degrees and 160 degrees, the coverage area of the guide plate is approximately controlled at 3/5-2/3 of the cross section area of the denitration tower, the herringbone guide plate can lead the entering flue gas to be shunted to two sides, a baffle plate with the diameter of 200mm at the edge of the guide plate can prevent the flue gas from streaming, the distance between the guide plate and a grid plate below is controlled within the range of 600 plus 800 mm, two sides of the grid plate are provided with support platforms with sinking support plates, the main function is to buffer the flow velocity of the flue gas from two sides of the herringbone guide plate, so that the flue gas from two sides is gathered towards the middle and penetrates downwards through the grid plate, the rectifying plate can lead the flue gas to be uniformly dispersed, the flow velocity and the flow field distribution are uniform when the flue gas reaches the surface of a catalyst, and the flue gas after ammonia mixing and the catalyst reach the maximum contact area and contact time, maximum denitration efficiency is achieved.
A1: 1 full-size three-dimensional model is established by adopting SolidWorks, and then hexahedron/polyhedron mixed grids are divided by adopting Ansys ICEM CFD and Fluent Meshing software platforms, the total number of the grids is about 280 ten thousand, the quality of all the grids is higher than 0.3, namely all the grids with high quality are used, more time cost is consumed, and more accurate answers can be obtained, as shown in figure 7.
The temperature of the flue gas inlet under the simulated working condition is 190 ℃, and the flue gas volume is 66000Nm 3 H is the ratio of the total weight of the catalyst to the total weight of the catalyst. The ammonia water with the concentration of 20% is heated by superheated steam and is injected into the air inlet pipe from the reducing agent uniform-spraying mechanism after being mixed. Wherein the flow rate of ammonia water is 30kg/h, the flow rate of steam is 575kg/h and 258 ℃. The catalyst has 3 layers and two purposes, and the resistance of 2 layers of catalyst is 743 Pa.
The distribution situation of the pressure in the denitration tower is shown in fig. 8, the total pressure difference in the tower is 1.1kPa, the pressure at the outlet of the guide plate is 819Pa, the pressure at the spare layer of the catalyst is 757Pa, the top pressure of the upper layer of the catalyst is 695Pa, the pressure differences are all 62Pa, and the pressure distribution is uniform; the upper pressure of the upper catalyst layer is 695Pa, the lower pressure is 446Pa, and the differential pressure is 249 Pa; the upper pressure of the lower catalyst is 446Pa, the lower pressure is 198Pa, and the pressure difference is 248 Pa; therefore, the flow field simulation result can be obtained, and the pressure distribution uniformity in the tower after passing through the flue gas flow equalizing mechanism is better.
FIG. 9 is a distribution of flue gas flow velocity inside the tower, from which it can be seen that the flue gas flow velocity inside the inlet flue is about 9.9 m/s; the flue gas flow velocity at the top of the flue gas flow equalizing mechanism is relatively disordered and is in the range of 0m/s to 9.4 m/s; after the flue gas is rectified by the flue gas flow equalizing mechanism, the flow velocity of the flue gas at the outlet of the rectifying plate is within the range of 2.7m/s to 5.5 m/s; when the flue gas reaches the catalyst of the standby layer, the flow velocity of the flue gas is relatively uniform and is about 2.7 m/s.
FIG. 10 shows the distribution of the velocity vectors of the flue gas inside the tower, and it can be seen from the figure that the velocity vectors are relatively disordered at the upper part of the flue gas flow equalizing mechanism, and after being rectified by the flue gas flow equalizing mechanism, the velocity vectors at the outlet of the flue gas flow equalizing mechanism are relatively uniform.
FIG. 11 is a cloud of velocity profiles at the catalyst inlet plane, which is seen (the cloud profile is not clear enough because color pictures cannot be used) by the point of catalyst backup, the velocity profile is very uniform, ranging from 2.669m/s to 2.748m/s with a velocity deviation of 2.87%.
In the simulation process, the design of the smoke flow equalizing mechanism is too complex, and particularly the herringbone guide plate seems to have little effect. Attempts to remove this baffle, simulations have shown (as shown in fig. 12) that the velocity uniformity is significantly reduced and the velocities on both sides are too high. It was found by calculation that the relative standard deviation of the velocity at the inlet plane of the SCR catalyst was 2.87% with the chevron baffle remaining (note that the lower the value the better, the typical denitration design requirement was within 10%), while the value increased to 5.95% with the chevron baffle removed, the uniformity worsened and the baffle could not be removed.
Fig. 13 is a flue gas flow diagram in the tower, and it can be seen from the diagram that after being rectified by the flue gas flow equalizing mechanism, the flue gas in the tower is distributed very uniformly when reaching the surface of the catalyst.
FIG. 14 is NH 3 Flow chart ofThe figure shows that the NH in the tower is rectified by the flue gas flow equalizing mechanism after the ammonia sprayed from the reducing agent flow equalizing mechanism is rectified 3 The distribution is already very uniform when it reaches the catalyst surface.
Fig. 15 and 16 show ammonia concentration distribution in the denitration tower and ammonia concentration distribution in the catalyst inlet plane, which shows that after being rectified by the flue gas flow equalizing mechanism, the ammonia concentration distribution uniformity behind the flow guide plate is improved. The uniformity of the ammonia concentration distribution was already high by the inlet plane of the denitration catalyst (note that the scale range was small), the ammonia concentration at the inlet plane of the catalyst ranged from 7.156e-05 to 7.3005e-05, and the ammonia concentration deviation was 1.98%.
According to the simulation, the catalyst inlet plane uniformity index is shown in the following table, and it can be seen that the relative standard deviation of the speed and the ammonia concentration is very low and is far less than the target value of 10%, which indicates that the structural design of the invention is reasonable.
| Item | Relative Standard Deviation (SD) | Target value |
| Speed of rotation | 2.87％ | <10％ |
| Concentration of ammonia | 1.98％ | <10％ |
Claims (10)
1. An SCR denitration device with uniform flue gas flow field velocity and ammonia concentration distribution comprises a denitration tower (11) provided with a reducing agent uniform-spraying mechanism (4) and a catalyst mounting layer; the method is characterized in that: the cross section of the denitration tower is rectangular; the upper part of the inner cavity of the denitration tower is provided with a flue gas flow equalizing mechanism; the flue gas flow equalizing mechanism comprises a flow guide structure (1), a slow flow structure (2) and a rectifying structure (3) which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the flow guide structure comprises a herringbone flow guide plate (1.1), a certain horizontal distance is kept between the left side edge and the right side edge of the flow guide plate and the inner wall of the denitration tower, and downward extending baffles (1.2) are further arranged on the two side edges of the flow guide plate; the slow flow structure comprises a grid plate (2.1) and supporting platforms arranged on two sides of the grid plate, wherein a supporting plate (2.2) lower than the grid plate is arranged on the bottom surface of each supporting platform, and surrounding plates (2.3) extending upwards are arranged on the periphery of each supporting plate; the rectifying structure comprises a plurality of rectifying plates (3.1) which are arranged at the same horizontal position and are in fan-shaped arrangement.
2. The SCR denitration device with uniform flue gas flow field flow velocity and ammonia concentration distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that: the supporting plates of the supporting platforms are obliquely arranged, and an upper layer of grid plate and a lower layer of grid plate which are horizontally arranged are arranged between the supporting platforms at two sides.
3. The SCR denitration device according to claim 2, wherein the flue gas flow field flow rate and the ammonia concentration are uniformly distributed, and the SCR denitration device is characterized in that: the included angle of the guide plate is 155-160 degrees; the horizontal projection area of the guide plate is 3/5-2/3 of the cross-sectional area of the denitration tower.
4. The SCR denitration device according to claim 3, wherein the flue gas flow field flow rate and the ammonia concentration are uniformly distributed, and the SCR denitration device is characterized in that: the length of the downward extension of the baffle is 150 mm and 250 mm; the distance between the guide plate and the grid plate is 600-800 mm.
5. The SCR denitration device of claim 4, wherein the SCR denitration device comprises a flue gas flow field, a flue gas inlet, a flue gas outlet, a flue gas inlet, a flue gas outlet, a flue gas inlet, a flue gas outlet, and a flue gas outlet, a flue gas outlet and a flue gas outlet: in the rectifying structure, the central rectifying plate is vertically arranged, the rectifying plates on two sides are obliquely arranged, and the extension lines of the planes of the rectifying plates intersect at one point on the central line of the plane of the lower grid plate.
6. The SCR denitration device according to claim 5, wherein the flue gas flow field flow rate and the ammonia concentration are uniformly distributed, and the SCR denitration device is characterized in that: in the rectifying structure, the included angle between the two outermost rectifying plates is 115 degrees and 140 degrees.
7. The SCR denitration device according to claim 6, wherein the flue gas flow field flow rate and the ammonia concentration are uniformly distributed, and the SCR denitration device is characterized in that: in the rectification structure, the included angle of two adjacent rectification plates is 15 degrees.
8. The SCR denitration device according to claim 7, wherein the flue gas flow field flow rate and the ammonia concentration are uniformly distributed, and the SCR denitration device is characterized in that: the top of the enclosing plate is provided with guide plates (2.4) which are obliquely arranged, and the guide plates enclose a horn mouth with a large upper part and a small lower part.
9. The SCR denitration device according to claim 8, wherein the flue gas flow field velocity and the ammonia concentration are uniformly distributed, and the SCR denitration device is characterized in that: the reducing agent spraying mechanism is arranged in an air inlet pipe (12) at the top of the denitration tower; the reducing agent spraying mechanism comprises a main pipe (4.1) and a plurality of spray pipes (4.2) which are communicated with the main pipe and horizontally extend into the air inlet pipe, and nozzles are arranged at the bottoms of the spray pipes.
10. The SCR denitration device according to claim 9, wherein the flue gas flow field velocity and the ammonia concentration are uniformly distributed, and the SCR denitration device is characterized in that: the catalyst mounting layer is arranged below the flue gas flow equalizing mechanism in the inner cavity of the denitration tower.
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