US80452A - Improvement in telegraph-instruments - Google Patents

Description

i CHAUVASSAIGNES 61. LAMBRIGHT.

Patented July 28, 1868.

'UNITED STATES PATENT OiriricE.A

rArL ANToiNE MARIE CiiAUvl-xssAIG-NEs AND .iAcQUEs PAUL LAMnniGoT,

oF rAnIs, FRANCE. 1 t

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 80,l52dated July 2S, 1868:

To all 'whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, PAUL ANTOINE MARIE s CnAUvAssAIGNEs and JACQUES PAUL LAM- EnIGotr, of Paris, in the Empire of France,

- hereby declare the following to be a full, clear,

and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

Our system of `automatic and electrochemical tclegraphiiig comprises, first, an instrument for the'prelminary notation or inscribin g` of the telegrams by means of certain signals or characters traced on a band `of tinned papel', and for the reproduction of these traced bands; second, a second instrument for the automatic transmission of the characters traced on the band and the automatic and electrochemical reccption of the signals transmitted; third, bands of tiuiied paper made in a peculiar manner for this system of telegraphiiig; fourth, the operation ofthe electric current in the two instruments above named..

The mechanical and chemical combinations which we have devised, in order to realize the four preceding features, will be readily understood by reference to the accompanying drawings.

The composing instrument oi' apparatus, Figure 1, consists of the following elements: First, the clock-work K, whichV actiiates two sets of rollers, l) 1)', placed at a suitable distance from cach other; second, an ink cup or i receptacle, A; third, a platina point or trident,

I; fourth, a lever or manipulator, with an armature, F, for the impression by hand of siglials on the tinned paper band h, or for the formation of such signals or characters by means of an electro-magnetic current; fifth, a gas or spirit burner for liqnefying thc'iiik contained in the ink-cup.

lhcclockwork imparts a uniform motion to the two sets of rollers, 1) and D. The former rollers are intended for transmitting the signals formed .upon the band or ribbon h. By means of the latter rolls the necessary marks or characters are either formed by hand y upon the metallic band h', or obtained through the medium of the electro-magnet 'X placed under the armature F. t i s In order to impress the marks by hand` the end of a roll of tinned paper is .inserted between tlie drawing-rollers D'. The tin is upon the upper surface of the band, and presents a `tlat horizontalsurface to the rollers, being held in proper position by suitable guides, which assume its uniformity while passing between the rollers. Midway between the edges of the band, and in advance of the point where g it passes to the rollers, is a narrow roller, G, the horizontal axis of which is attached to the clock-work in such manner as to lbe revolved Under this metallic band is the curved ex"-` treniity of a lever, J, which is pivoted to a standard, I. Upon the other end of the lever ,y

is a knob or handle, M, and au armature, F. By pressing upon the knob, the opposite end of the lever will be raised, so as to lift the baud` and bring it in contact with the roller G.

lVhen pressure is removed, the spring under the shorter arm of the lever will draw it down, and thus allow the paper to drop from contact with the roller. s

The electro-magiiet underneath the armature F is intended receive to t-lie electric current transmitted over thewire from a distant point, which current, by exciting the magnet, will cause the latter to attract the armature, and thus act upon the lever in the same manner as would be donc by hand.

The roller G, which is about half as wide as the metallic band, is placedin such manner as to be midway between the sidesof the band. It' the roller be kept constantly covered with black coloring matter, there will be produced `on the band, by reason of the rotation ofthe y priiitiiig-roller andthe lifting of the band, a

black line, which will becontinnous or broken, according to the action ofthe lever J. During this operation, which is that required for the composition or notation of a dispatch, a. drawing-pen,0, Fig. 2, can be used for the purpose of framing or inclosing on each side the characters produced by the action of the l printing or marking roller upon the band, for

it may be desired to indicate the signals or s characters either by the marks made by the coloring matter or by the spaces between the marks. For instance, in order to obtain in white the signals indicated in black in dia-- gram a", it will, of course, be necessary to operate in an inverse manner the lever J, so as to produce the figures indicated in diagram 11",? but as the white characters in this form would be diicult to distinguish, it is much preferable to frame them, as shown in diagram c", by means of the forked drawing pen C, which straddles the band in the manner indicated in Figs. l and 2.'

The teeth of the pen, which are at distance from each other proportionate to the width of the marks, will take up apart of the ink and draw a line on each side of the characters, as indicated in Fig. 2.

The band is, of course, not covered with ink throughout its whole breadth, in order that the metallic border on each side of the marks may afford the necessary contact for the passage of the electricity at the time of the passage ofthe band between the metal drawingeylinders.

The irst set of drawing-cylinders D is intended to effect the automatic` transmission of the characters or signals produced by the instrument D'. To this end a platina or iron point, I, falling obliquely on the tablet placed in front of the rollers, presses on the middle part of the metal band,which is drawn between the rollers from'right to left. The electric current in communication with the rollers and the conductor terminating in the metal point I, will produce electric emissions each time the point meets that portion of the surface of the band which is not covered by the insulating-ink. The point I, Fig. 3, which is thus employed to effect the emission and cessation of the current, is composed of three branches, i, so as to better assure the re- Second, a copper case or reservoir, p, provided withv openings in its top and bottom, the one for the introduction of the fusible coloring matter, the other for the escape of the same. Third, a diaphragm, q, of a material commonly known as silk ribbon, which passes around lthe cup and is stretched over the lower opening in the lcopper ease. Fourth, a sleeve, T, which traverses the wooden part l, and ts with a slight fr ction, so as to constitute a hinge-joint on a horizontal pin, t, which extends out from the clockwork frame K.

The copper roller G carries at its outer end a long pin, S, which is heated by means ot' a gas or spirit jet or lamp, E. The roller is thus heated, and, in order to spread the ink on its surface, the ink-receptacle is placed as indicated in the drawings, so that by its own weight its lower end, which is covered by the diaphragm q, will press upon the heated roller. The resinous matter contained within the cup will thus become heated, and, passing through the ribbon q, will be,dcposited upon the surface of the roller, which, as above explained, has a rotary movement imparted to it by the clock-work.

The coloring matter in the ink-receptacle is composed ofthe following ingredients: Yellow wax, one hundred grams; rosin, two hundred grams; bitumen of Judea, one hundred grams; tallow or suet, ten grams. These substances are mel ted together, and the mass, when cold, is reduced to a powder.

By raising, as above explained, the band ot paper under the roller the required signals or characters will be produced.

When the apparatus is not being used it becomes necessary, for obvious reasons, to re move the ink-cup from contact with the roller.

kIn order to accomplish this without the direct intervention of the operator we employ a pedal or brake, R, which is capable of being vibrated horizontally, so as to check or arrest the clockwork movement. To this brake is attached a hook or shoulder, O, which, when the brake is moved to arrestthe clock-mechanism, strikes against the lower arm of an an gle-lever, L, Whose upper end, .placed beneath the ink-cup, will, in such case, lift the cup away from the printing-roller. When, on the contrary, the brake is moved so as to set free the clock-work, the hook O will move back from the lever and the cup will again drop into position upon the roller.

In Fig. 6 is represented 'an instrument for effecting the rapid transmission and automatic reception, by electro-chemical means, of characters or signals formed on metallic bands.`

This instrument is composed of the following parts: l

First, the clock-work K.

Second, two sets of rollers mounted on the same axes. The first set, D', serves to receive dispatches transmitted from a distance, the second, D, to transmit messages marked on the metallic bands.

Third, a basin containing the moisteningroller and the chemical bath for the production of the signals.

Therst set of rollers, D', draw between them from right to left, a band of unsized white paper. This band, before passing tc the rollers, rubs over the surface of ,a roll, V, which turns freely in bearings formed in the sides of the basin U, filled with a liquid capable of bein g decomposed by the passage through it ot' a `positive current of a pile. In rubbing upon .theroll, which is thus caused to turn freely and to take up the required quantity of liquid,

,the band is moistened in its center, the roll being much narrower than the band, and there is, consequently, a moist line formed on the paper which passes between the rolls. rlhis moist line which traverses the paper and renders it transparent, is capable of being dey composed and turned black by an electric curcurrent will cause the baud to be marked with the required characters. The iron point B, through which the electric current passes, is held tightly between two rollers coated with silver, which are hung in an arm provided with a sleeve which tits on a horizontal rod projecting over the tablet.

By turning the rollers in the required direction the metal point can be projected or retracted so as to adjust it to properly perform its work.

The liquidcontained by the basin U is composed of the following ingredients: Azotate of ammonia, one hundred grams; distilled water, onehundred grams; gallie acid, tive grams; white sugar, `five grams.

The second set of rollers, D, is intended for the rapid transmission of messages marked on the metallic bands.

ofthe set D', which is mounted on the same axis. This difference in size, which produces the more rapid movement of the bands, is adopted for this apparatus in order to impart greater rapidity to the transmitting than to the receiving instrument. At the point where the metallic band enters between the rollers is a horizontal tablet similar to that employed in connection with the rollers D. A trideut,`I, is arranged in the same manner to produce the same results, as already described in the case of the colnposin g in strumenthereinbeforc luentioned.

The only difference between the two transmitting-instruments is the difference in the size of the rollers in the one represented in Fig. 6. The emissions of the electric current will be reproduced upon an electro-chemical band instead. of a metallic band by means of the roller G and lever J, oscillated by means of its armature and the electromagnet X.

The apparatus represented in Fig. 6 is intended to do a greater amount of work than can be obtained from the apparatus in Fig. 1, and can be employed on lines of great length, while that represented in Fig. 1 may be employed either for the notation of dispatchesby The lower cylinder is y much larger than the corresponding cylinder hand, or for the reception of dispatches tra-nsmitted from a distance, or for anyother suitable purpose. Q 9

As the peculiar kind of metallic paper required under this system of telegraphing is not an article of commerce, the following description is given of the manner iu which it maybe made:

Two sheets ot' tin-foil, such `as is known as chocolate-paper, are taken with ordinary roll-paper ot the same width as the foil. A coat of paste is spread over the paper, onwhich the sheets of tin-foilare placed, care heilig taken that their contiguousends overlapso as topreserve a continuous metallic surface. The foil should be carefully spread without a wrinkle, and the `metallic surface is then sponged. The paper, in proportion as `it is prepa-red, is rolled upon aspool and exposed to a heat suiicient to dry it. It is then subjected to pressure between cylinders such` as are employed to press photographic proofs, iu

order to obtain the requisite smoothness and uniformity of surface. The band, after this operation, is rolled anew upon a spool, and is tightly pressed until sutieientpaper has been received to give the desired length to the band and thickness to the roll. The roll is then taken to a lathe, and is cut into strips of the required width. f

The action of the electric current is substantially as follows When messages are received Y from a distance on a metallic band, in the ap paratus shown in Fig. 1, the electric current which passes over the wirewill traversethe electro-magnets in order to reachthe earth, the armature of the lever J will` be attracted, the metal band will be brought into contact with the marking-roller, which will deposit on the band the coat of insulating-ink. The erniasions of the current will bee'ected by means of a y manipulator such as employed in the Morse apparatus. When, on the other hand, it is desired to produce characters or signals for transmission, the leverJ is actuated directly by the hand, and the effect of thus raising and lowering the paper will be identical with that produced by the electric current. .i

When dispatches 'are to be transmitted through the instrument D, Fig. 1, the electric current from the pile will communicate with the rollers D, and metallic band which is in contact with them will, through the medium y of the trident I, transmit the current over the wire. The current will, of course, be interrupted when the trident is in contact withthat part of the metal band covered with the insu` latingink.

The operation of the instruments represented in Fig. 6 is essentially the same as that already i described.

The electric current arrives over the wire through the metal point B traverses the moist part of the paper,

let into the ground. It will thus, as `the band 'moves along, decompose the moist portion of y y and passes off from the tahi the same, so as to form marks more or less long, according to the lengt-h of the si guals at the other end of the line. I

In .transmitting messages by the apparatus the pile passes to the rollers D, which are insulated from the rollers D. yIt thence passes to the metal band, which is in contact with the trident I, and the latter is in communication with the main line or wire. Consequently, when the trident touches the metal surface of the band the lelectric current will be transmitted through the wire, and, on the other hand, the current will be interrupted whenever the trdent is brought into contact with the insulating-ink. p

' In the two apparatus shown in Fig. Gthe rollers and points or tridents should, of course, be insulated from each other. y

Havin g now described our invention, what we cla-im, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination of thedeviccs herein described for e'ecting the notation and automatic transmission of telegraphic messages, the same being constructed and arranged to operate in the manner and for the purposes set fort-l1.

2. An insulating-ink composed of the ingredients herein named, taken in the proportions substantially as specilied.y

3. A decomposa-ble liquid lmade of the ingredients herein named, taken in the proportions substantially as specified. y Y

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification'betore two subscribing witnesses.

P. CHAUVASSAIGNES. LAMBRIGOT.

Witnesses:

J. ARMENGAIYD, CL. LAPoND.

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