US7993443B2 - Multilayer effect pigment - Google Patents

Multilayer effect pigment Download PDF

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Publication number
US7993443B2
US7993443B2 US11/351,417 US35141706A US7993443B2 US 7993443 B2 US7993443 B2 US 7993443B2 US 35141706 A US35141706 A US 35141706A US 7993443 B2 US7993443 B2 US 7993443B2
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Prior art keywords
optical thickness
dioxide layer
titanium dioxide
pigment
layer
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US20060156957A1 (en
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Daniel S. Fuller
Curtis J. Zimmermann
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BASF Catalysts LLC
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BASF Catalysts LLC
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Priority claimed from US10/346,076 external-priority patent/US6875264B2/en
Priority to US11/351,417 priority Critical patent/US7993443B2/en
Priority to DK06734845.8T priority patent/DK1940971T3/da
Priority to PCT/US2006/004890 priority patent/WO2006088761A2/fr
Priority to EP06734845.8A priority patent/EP1940971B2/fr
Priority to ES06734845T priority patent/ES2394333T5/es
Application filed by BASF Catalysts LLC filed Critical BASF Catalysts LLC
Assigned to ENGELHARD CORPORATION reassignment ENGELHARD CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FULLER, MR., DANIEL S., ZIMMERMANN, CURTIS J.
Publication of US20060156957A1 publication Critical patent/US20060156957A1/en
Priority to US11/550,952 priority patent/US7993444B2/en
Assigned to BASF CATALYST LLC reassignment BASF CATALYST LLC CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ENGELHARD CORPORATION
Publication of US7993443B2 publication Critical patent/US7993443B2/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/0015—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings
    • C09C1/0024—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings comprising a stack of coating layers with alternating high and low refractive indices, wherein the first coating layer on the core surface has the high refractive index
    • C09C1/003—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings comprising a stack of coating layers with alternating high and low refractive indices, wherein the first coating layer on the core surface has the high refractive index comprising at least one light-absorbing layer
    • C09C1/0039—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings comprising a stack of coating layers with alternating high and low refractive indices, wherein the first coating layer on the core surface has the high refractive index comprising at least one light-absorbing layer consisting of at least one coloured inorganic material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/0015—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings
    • C09C1/0024—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings comprising a stack of coating layers with alternating high and low refractive indices, wherein the first coating layer on the core surface has the high refractive index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • C09D11/02—Printing inks
    • C09D11/03—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder
    • C09D11/037—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder characterised by the pigment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/03—Powdery paints
    • C09D5/033—Powdery paints characterised by the additives
    • C09D5/035—Coloring agents, e.g. pigments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/36—Pearl essence, e.g. coatings containing platelet-like pigments for pearl lustre
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/60—Optical properties, e.g. expressed in CIELAB-values
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/60—Optical properties, e.g. expressed in CIELAB-values
    • C01P2006/62—L* (lightness axis)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/60—Optical properties, e.g. expressed in CIELAB-values
    • C01P2006/63—Optical properties, e.g. expressed in CIELAB-values a* (red-green axis)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/60—Optical properties, e.g. expressed in CIELAB-values
    • C01P2006/64—Optical properties, e.g. expressed in CIELAB-values b* (yellow-blue axis)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/60—Optical properties, e.g. expressed in CIELAB-values
    • C01P2006/65—Chroma (C*)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C2200/00—Compositional and structural details of pigments exhibiting interference colours
    • C09C2200/10—Interference pigments characterized by the core material
    • C09C2200/102—Interference pigments characterized by the core material the core consisting of glass or silicate material like mica or clays, e.g. kaolin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C2200/00—Compositional and structural details of pigments exhibiting interference colours
    • C09C2200/30—Interference pigments characterised by the thickness of the core or layers thereon or by the total thickness of the final pigment particle
    • C09C2200/302—Thickness of a layer with high refractive material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C2200/00—Compositional and structural details of pigments exhibiting interference colours
    • C09C2200/30—Interference pigments characterised by the thickness of the core or layers thereon or by the total thickness of the final pigment particle
    • C09C2200/303—Thickness of a layer with low refractive material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C2200/00—Compositional and structural details of pigments exhibiting interference colours
    • C09C2200/30—Interference pigments characterised by the thickness of the core or layers thereon or by the total thickness of the final pigment particle
    • C09C2200/307—Thickness of an outermost protective layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C2220/00—Methods of preparing the interference pigments
    • C09C2220/10—Wet methods, e.g. co-precipitation
    • C09C2220/106—Wet methods, e.g. co-precipitation comprising only a drying or calcination step of the finally coated pigment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
    • Y10T428/2991—Coated

Definitions

  • Effect pigments also known as pearlescent or nacreous pigments, are based on the use of a laminar substrate such as mica or glass flake which has been coated with a metal oxide layer. These pigments exhibit pearl-like luster as a result of reflection and refraction of light, and depending on the thickness of the metal oxide layer, they can also exhibit interference color effects.
  • Titanium dioxide-coated mica and iron oxide-coated mica effect pigments are the effect pigments which are encountered most often on a commercial basis. Pigments in which the metal oxide has been over-coated with another material are also well known in the art.
  • the commercially available effect pigments which contain only a single coating of a high refractive index material provide only two reflecting interfaces between materials. These two material interfaces (and reflections) are therefore solely responsible for the reflectivity achieved from the platelet surface. A substantial percentage of the incident light is thus transmitted through the platelet and while this is necessary to create the nacreous appearance of the pigment, it also diminishes other desirable properties of the effect pigments such as luster, chromaticity and hiding power. To counteract this consequence, the art has either mixed the effect pigments with other pigments or added additional layers of transparent and/or selectively absorbing materials onto the effect pigment.
  • Examples of prior art describing multi-coated effect pigments include JP 7-246366, WO 98/53011, WO 98/53012 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,434,010. All of such prior art requires that each coated layer possess an optical thickness equal to a whole number multiple of a one-quarter of the wavelength at which interference is expected. Such construction of the so-called quarter-wave stacks is a widely accepted and implemented condition in the thin-film industries. Because of this limitation, a unique layer thickness combination is essential in order to create each individual one of the interference colors of the visible spectrum.
  • the base substrate is the only dimension common to all of the compositions displaying different interference colors.
  • This invention relates to a multilayer effect pigment and more particularly, to a multilayer effect pigment which includes a transparent substrate having a transparent high refractive index material layer thereon and at least one pair of layers which are a transparent high refractive index material and a transparent low refractive index material, in which the total number of layers is an odd number, in which every two adjacent non-substrate layers differ in refractive index by at least about 0.2 and in which at least one layer has an optical thickness which is different from all of the other layers, whereby the pigment is not a quarter-wave stack.
  • the present patent application is directed to a multilayer effect pigment comprising a transparent substrate having a layer of titanium dioxide thereon.
  • the titanium dioxide layer has an optical thickness of about 85 to 385 nm.
  • a layer of a low refractive index material is on the titanium dioxide layer and an outermost layer of a high refractive index material placed on the low refractive index layer.
  • the high refractive index material comprises titanium dioxide having an optical thickness of from about 45 to 420 nm and the low refractive index material is silicon dioxide having an optical thickness of about 30 to 120 nm.
  • At least one layer has an optical thickness which is different from all of the other layers, whereby the pigment is not a quarter-wave stack.
  • the effect pigment is a multilayered product composed of a transparent substrate having an odd number of layers thereon and in which at least one of the layers has an optical thickness which is different from all of the other layers causing the pigment not to be a quarter-wave stack.
  • any encapsulatable smooth and transparent platelet can be used as the substrate in the present invention.
  • useable platelets include mica, whether natural or synthetic, kaolin, glass flakes and the like.
  • the substrate need not be totally transparent but should, preferably, have at least about 75% transmission.
  • the size of the platelet shaped substrate is not critical per se and can be adapted to the particular use. Generally, the particles have largest major dimensions averaging about 5-250 microns, preferably 5-100 microns, and an aspect ratio greater than about 5.
  • Their specific free surface area (BET) is, in general, from about 0.2 to 25 m 2 /g.
  • High refractive index materials include those with a refractive index from about 2.00 to about 3.10.
  • Low refractive index materials include those with a refractive index from about 1.30 to about 1.80.
  • the high refractive index materials may be anatase titanium dioxide, rutile titanium dioxide, iron oxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, bismuth oxychloride or the like.
  • the low refractive index material may be silicon dioxide, magnesium fluoride, aluminum oxide, a polymer such as polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyurea, polyurethane, polydivinyl benzene and the like.
  • Polymers 1.4-1.6 is typical Any combination of materials may be selected provided that adjacent layers differ in refractive index by at least about 0.2, and more preferably at least about 0.6.
  • the materials are transparent but may, like iron oxide and chromium oxide, have an absorption component.
  • a transparent substrate having a layer of titanium dioxide thereon means that the titanium dioxide may be in direct contact with the transparent substrate or additives or other layers may be present between the transparent substrate and the layer of titanium dioxide.
  • Additives include rutile directors for titanium dioxide such as tin.
  • a layer of a low refractive index material on said titanium dioxide layer means that the low refractive index material may be in direct contact with the titanium dioxide or additives or other layers may be present between the titanium dioxide and the low refractive index material.
  • outermost layer of a high refractive index material placed on said low refractive index material layer means that the outermost layer of a high refractive index material may be in direct contact with the low refractive index material layer or additives or other layers may be present.
  • the individual layers can be applied to the substrate and to each other using techniques well known in the art. Any such technique can be utilized.
  • sol-gel techniques can be used to apply the coatings. Such techniques are well known and widely practiced for thin film deposition, and are safe, economical and amenable to a wide variety of particle shapes and sizes.
  • Chemical vapor deposition techniques which have been used in some prior art have a litany of negative aspects including safety hazards, expensive reagents and infrastructure and substrate particle size limitations.
  • Monolithic web-based multilayer coating techniques have also been used in the prior art and suffer from the disadvantages that pigment particles are formed after the coatings are applied and therefore have discontinuities in the layers at the fracture points. The particles must also be classified according to size after the monolith is fractured, whereas in the present invention the particle size can be predetermined before the coating and can be constant.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is that the substrate and all layers have an appreciable degree of transparency and therefore the resulting pigments can exhibit unique angle dependent reflectivity ranging from nearly totally reflecting to substantially transmitting as the viewing angle is changed.
  • Many multi-coated pigments in the prior art use metal flakes as substrates and such metal layers are not capable of transmitting light and the resulting pigment is therefore totally opaque.
  • the first layer which is adjacent the substrate can be given a fixed thickness and by varying the thickness of the other layers, it is possible to prepare all of the interference colors desired.
  • Optical thickness is the product of the actual physical or geometric thickness (t) of the layer and the refractive index (n) of the material of the layer. While it may be possible to measure the physical thickness of the deposited layer on the substrate, the refractive index of the applied material will vary from published values depending on the density and uniformity of the deposited layer. Typically, the tabulated values of refractive index are well known but such values are determined from a uniform and highly packed structure and are almost always higher than the refractive index values of the actual layers deposited via the techniques of this invention.
  • the optical thickness can be indirectly determined by measuring the wavelengths at which interferences occur in the sample and then solving for “nt” in the well-known constructive interference and/or destructive interference equations.
  • the equations as written below are for normal angle incidence of light only, in which the cosine ⁇ term reduces to 1 and does not need to appear, in the interest of simplifying the present discussion.
  • the low refractive index is preferably silica and while this can have other optical thicknesses, the silica layer preferably has an optical thickness in the range of about 30-120 nm, and more preferably about 60-120 nm. This minimizes the degree of angle dependent color travel, which is inherent in silica films. Silica layers which have an optical thickness greater than about 180 nanometers produce a wider range of angle dependent colors which is not always desirable.
  • the first layer on the substrate and the outermost layer can be the same or different, but are preferably the same, and are further preferably titanium dioxide. It will be appreciated that where the first or innermost layer has a fixed optical thickness and the low refractive index layer also has a predetermined optical thickness, the outermost high refractive index layer will control the interference color as a result of its optical thickness.
  • the substrate/first layer/second layer combination thus acts as a universal base from which all interference colors can be realized by simply varying the optical thickness of the third layer.
  • the transparent substrate will have a first layer of titanium dioxide thereon, the first layer having an optical thickness of about 80 to 400 nm.
  • the optical thickness of the third layer, when it is titania, in such an arrangement generally varies from about 45 to 600 nm, and preferably about 140-420 nm.
  • the first layer will have a optical thickness of from about 85 to 385 nm.
  • the pigments have first and outermost layers which have different optical thicknesses from each other and still yield the unexpected color which has been achieved by these materials which do not follow the standard quarter-wave theory.
  • the TiO 2 layers may have the same optical thickness. In such case, it is the optical thickness of the low refractive index layer, e.g., SiO 2 , which provides the non-quarter wave stack.
  • the most useful pigments of this invention will have a chromacity (0° C.*) of at least 40.0.
  • the products of the present invention can be used in any application where pearlescent pigments have been used heretofore.
  • the products of this invention have an unlimited use in all types of automotive and industrial paint applications, especially in the organic color coating and inks field where deep color intensity is required.
  • these pigments can be used in mass tone or as styling agents to spray paint all types of automotive and non-automotive vehicles.
  • they can be used on all clay/formica/wood/glass/metal/enamel/ceramic and non-porous or porous surfaces.
  • the pigments can be used in powder coating compositions. They can be incorporated into plastic articles geared for the toy industry or the home. These pigments can be impregnated into fibers to impart new and esthetic coloring to clothes and carpeting. They can be used to improve the look of shoes, rubber and vinyl/marble flooring, vinyl siding, and all other vinyl products. In addition, these colors can be used in all types of modeling hobbies.
  • compositions in which the compositions of this invention are useful are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • Examples include printing inks, nail enamels, lacquers, thermoplastic and thermosetting materials, natural resins and synthetic resins.
  • Some non-limiting examples include polystyrene and its mixed polymers, polyolefins, in particular, polyethylene and polypropylene, polyacrylic compounds, polyvinyl compounds, for example polyvinyl chloride and polyvinyl acetate, polyesters and rubber, and also filaments made of viscose and cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, polyamides, polyurethanes, polyesters, for example polyglycol terephthalates, and polyacrylonitrile.
  • the pigment may be used at a level of 10 to 15% in an offset lithographic ink, with the remainder being a vehicle containing gelled and ungelled hydrocarbon resins, alkyd resins, wax compounds and aliphatic solvent.
  • the pigment may also be used, for example, at a level of 1 to 10% in an automotive paint formulation along with other pigments which may include titanium dioxide, acrylic lattices, coalescing agents, water or solvents.
  • the pigment may also be used, for example, at a level of 20 to 30% in a plastic color concentrate in polyethylene.
  • these pigments can be used in the eye area and in all external and rinse-off applications. They are restricted only for the lip area. Thus, they can be used in hair sprays, face powder, leg-makeup, insect repellent lotion, mascara cake/cream, nail enamel, nail enamel remover, perfume lotion, and shampoos of all types (gel or liquid).
  • shaving cream concentrate for aerosol, brushless, lathering
  • skin glosser stick skin makeup, hair groom, eye shadow (liquid, pomade, powder, stick, pressed or cream), eye liner, cologne stick, cologne, cologne emollient, bubble bath, body lotion (moisturizing, cleansing, analgesic, astringent), after shave lotion, after bath milk and sunscreen lotion.
  • a small portion (5 grams) of the final TiO 2 coated product is calcined at 600° C. for 20 minutes. Both the 120° C. dried product and the 600° C. calcined product is compared to the singly coated starting material (G130L, Engelhard Corporation) as drawdowns of 12% powder in nitrocellulose lacquer. The reflectivity of all the samples is evaluated both visually and instrumentally. A large increase in the reflectivity is imparted to the G130L starting material by the application of the 2 additional coatings.
  • an aqueous solution of 40% TiCl 4 is added to the suspension at a rate of 0.65 ml per minute.
  • small aliquots of the suspension get spread onto a black glass plate to monitor the luster and color of the pigment platelets.
  • the addition is terminated, and the suspension filtered and the product dried at 120° C.
  • the yield of product is 170 grams.
  • the product is compared to the singly coated starting material (Timica Sparkle) as a drawdown of 3% pigment in nitrocellulose lacquer. The dried paint displays inferior luster to the starting material, and severe particle agglomeration.
  • a slurry of 420 grams of iron oxide coated borosilicate flake (G270L, REFLECKSTM Blazing Bronze, Engelhard Corporation), 590 mls. of isopropanol, 45 mls. of water, and 5.6 mls. of 29% NH 4 OH solution is heated to 60° C. and stirred in a reaction vessel. Then, 46.5 grams of tetraethoxysilane is added to the slurry and stirred at that temperature for 20 hours. The slurry is vacuum-filtered and the product dried for 24 hours at 135° C., yielding 432.2 grams. A slurry of 416 grams of the aforementioned silica coated product in 756 mls.
  • Both the calcined product and base iron oxide-coated glass flake are compared as drawdowns of 12% powder in nitrocellulose lacquer.
  • the calcined product is seen to exhibit a bronze shade with superior reflectivity and chromaticity to that of the base material.
  • a slurry of 420 grams of titanium dioxide coated borosilicate flake (G130L, REFLECKSTM Pinpoints of Pearl, Engelhard Corporation), 590 mls. of isopropanol, 45 mls. of water, and 5.6 mls. of 29% NH 4 OH solution is heated to 60° C. and stirred in a reaction vessel. Then, 46.5 grams of tetraethoxysilane is added to the slurry and stirred at that temperature for 20 hours. The slurry is vacuum-filtered and the product dried for 24 hours at 135° C., yielding 432.2 grams.
  • a slurry is prepared with 416 grams of the aforementioned silica coated product in 756 mls.
  • Both the calcined product and base iron oxide-coated glass flake are compared as drawdowns of 12% powder in nitrocellulose lacquer.
  • the calcined product is seen to exhibit a bronze shade with superior reflectivity and chromaticity to that of the base material.
  • Samples with non-zero layers represent computer simulations on the specific pigments described employing a 1 micron thick glass substrate.
  • Samples with zero thicknesses for the silica layer and second TiO 2 layer are simulations of singly coated commercial pigments and serve as comparisons to the inventive samples.
  • Samples 1 and 3 represent pigments that were prepared as described above. The actual properties measured and observed agreed with the simulated properties.
  • the following data represent computer simulations on specific pigments employing a 1 micron thick glass substrate.
  • the pigment of this invention can be formulated into a powder eye shadow by thoroughly blending and dispersing the following materials:
  • Mearltalc TCA ® (Talc) 18 Mearlmica ® SVA (Mica) 20 Magnesium Myristate 5 Silica 2 Cloisonne ® Red 424C (Red TiO 2 -coated mica) 20 Cloisonne ® Violet 525C (Violet TiO 2 -coated mica) 13 Cloisonne ® Nu-Antique Blue 626CB 2 (TiO 2 -coated mica/iron oxide-coated mica) Cloisonne ® Cerise Flambé 550Z (iron oxide-coated mica) 2 Preservatives & Antioxidant q.s.
  • the pigment can be formulated into a lipstick by placing the following amounts of the listed ingredients into a heated vessel and raising the temperature to 85.+ ⁇ 0.3° C.:
  • a mixture of 13 parts of the pigment of this invention and 1 part of kaolin are added and mixed until all of the pigment is well dispersed. Fragrance is added as desired and mixed with stirring. The resulting mixture is poured into molds at 75.+ ⁇ 0.5° C., allowed to cool and flamed into lipsticks.
US11/351,417 2003-01-17 2006-02-10 Multilayer effect pigment Expired - Lifetime US7993443B2 (en)

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US11/351,417 US7993443B2 (en) 2003-01-17 2006-02-10 Multilayer effect pigment
DK06734845.8T DK1940971T3 (da) 2005-02-12 2006-02-10 Pigment med flerlagseffekt
PCT/US2006/004890 WO2006088761A2 (fr) 2005-02-12 2006-02-10 Pigment a effet multicouche
EP06734845.8A EP1940971B2 (fr) 2005-02-12 2006-02-10 Pigment a effet multicouche
ES06734845T ES2394333T5 (es) 2005-02-12 2006-02-10 Pigmento de efecto multicapa
US11/550,952 US7993444B2 (en) 2003-01-17 2006-10-19 Multi-layer effect pigment

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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US10/346,076 US6875264B2 (en) 2003-01-17 2003-01-17 Multi-layer effect pigment
US11/056,560 US8007583B2 (en) 2003-01-17 2005-02-12 Multi-layer effect pigment
US11/351,417 US7993443B2 (en) 2003-01-17 2006-02-10 Multilayer effect pigment

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US8728226B2 (en) 2009-08-19 2014-05-20 Eckart Gmbh High-gloss multilayer effect pigments having a chromatic interference color and a narrow size distribution, and method for the production thereof
US9168394B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2015-10-27 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. Pigmented skin-care compositions
US9168393B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2015-10-27 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. Pigmented skin-care compositions
US9168209B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2015-10-27 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. Pigmented skin-care compositions
US9320687B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2016-04-26 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. Pigmented skin-care compositions
US10391043B2 (en) 2014-12-19 2019-08-27 Eckart Gmbh Effect pigments with high chroma and high brilliancy, method for the production and use thereof
US10759941B2 (en) 2014-12-19 2020-09-01 Eckart Gmbh Metal effect pigments with high chroma and high brilliancy, method for the production and use thereof
US10934436B2 (en) 2014-12-19 2021-03-02 Eckart Gmbh Effect pigments having high transparency, high chroma and high brilliancy, method for the production and use thereof
US10947391B2 (en) 2014-12-19 2021-03-16 Eckart Gmbh Gold-coloured effect pigments having high chroma and high brilliancy, method for the production and use thereof
US11202739B2 (en) 2014-12-19 2021-12-21 Eckart Gmbh Red-coloured decorative pigments with high chroma and high brilliancy, method for their production and use of same

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ES2394333T5 (es) * 2005-02-12 2022-11-03 Basf Corp Pigmento de efecto multicapa
US20070048239A1 (en) * 2005-08-26 2007-03-01 Engelhard Corporation Cosmetic and Personal Care Formulations with Goniochromatic Non-Quarter Wave Multi-Quadrant Multi-Layer Effect Materials
CN102089684B (zh) * 2008-05-15 2014-08-13 巴斯夫公司 薄膜结构的制造方法及其组合物
KR102387100B1 (ko) * 2017-04-04 2022-04-15 바스프 컬러스앤이펙츠 게엠베하 무기 효과 안료
CN110448502A (zh) * 2019-08-19 2019-11-15 广州市露迦贸易有限公司 一种深海云母沐浴露
JP7442649B2 (ja) 2020-01-08 2024-03-04 ザ プロクター アンド ギャンブル カンパニー 色のグラデーションを有するブロー成形多層物品
US20210316493A1 (en) * 2020-04-10 2021-10-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Multilayer thermoplastic article with unique visual effects and a core containing recycled thermoplastic material

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8728226B2 (en) 2009-08-19 2014-05-20 Eckart Gmbh High-gloss multilayer effect pigments having a chromatic interference color and a narrow size distribution, and method for the production thereof
US9168394B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2015-10-27 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. Pigmented skin-care compositions
US9168393B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2015-10-27 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. Pigmented skin-care compositions
US9168209B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2015-10-27 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. Pigmented skin-care compositions
US9320687B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2016-04-26 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. Pigmented skin-care compositions
US10391043B2 (en) 2014-12-19 2019-08-27 Eckart Gmbh Effect pigments with high chroma and high brilliancy, method for the production and use thereof
US10759941B2 (en) 2014-12-19 2020-09-01 Eckart Gmbh Metal effect pigments with high chroma and high brilliancy, method for the production and use thereof
US10799432B2 (en) 2014-12-19 2020-10-13 Eckart Gmbh Effect pigments with high chroma and high brilliancy, method for the production and use thereof
US10934436B2 (en) 2014-12-19 2021-03-02 Eckart Gmbh Effect pigments having high transparency, high chroma and high brilliancy, method for the production and use thereof
US10947391B2 (en) 2014-12-19 2021-03-16 Eckart Gmbh Gold-coloured effect pigments having high chroma and high brilliancy, method for the production and use thereof
EP3234023B1 (fr) 2014-12-19 2021-06-23 Eckart GmbH Pigments à effet d'une grande transparence, d'une plus grande brillance et ayant un degré chromatique élevé, leur procédé de fabrication et leur utilisation
EP3034562B2 (fr) † 2014-12-19 2021-12-08 Eckart GmbH Pigments à absorption et de grande brillance et ayant un degré chromatique élevé, leur procédé de fabrication et leur utilisation
US11202739B2 (en) 2014-12-19 2021-12-21 Eckart Gmbh Red-coloured decorative pigments with high chroma and high brilliancy, method for their production and use of same

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