US7981851B2 - Environmentally responsible personal cleansing compositions with high performance - Google Patents

Environmentally responsible personal cleansing compositions with high performance Download PDF

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US7981851B2
US7981851B2 US12/150,221 US15022108A US7981851B2 US 7981851 B2 US7981851 B2 US 7981851B2 US 15022108 A US15022108 A US 15022108A US 7981851 B2 US7981851 B2 US 7981851B2
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personal cleansing
cleansing composition
opi
composition according
natural
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US20090270297A1 (en
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Chris Luciow
James J. Dalton
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Henkel AG and Co KGaA
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Dial Corp
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Priority to US12/150,221 priority Critical patent/US7981851B2/en
Priority to PCT/US2009/039330 priority patent/WO2009131816A1/en
Priority to EP09735866A priority patent/EP2268781A4/de
Publication of US20090270297A1 publication Critical patent/US20090270297A1/en
Priority to US12/839,478 priority patent/US8076277B2/en
Publication of US7981851B2 publication Critical patent/US7981851B2/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
    • A61Q19/10—Washing or bathing preparations
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A61K8/34—Alcohols
    • A61K8/345—Alcohols containing more than one hydroxy group
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • A61K8/44—Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/46—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur
    • A61K8/463—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur containing sulfuric acid derivatives, e.g. sodium lauryl sulfate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
    • A61K2800/59—Mixtures
    • A61K2800/596—Mixtures of surface active compounds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to various consumer, commercial and industrial products, including but not limited to personal cleansing compositions.
  • This invention more particularly relates to a variety of personal cleansing products, including body wash, liquid hand soaps, and natural body washes and hand soaps.
  • the art has therefore begun to develop a number of different techniques for taking into account environmental issues when formulating products and acquiring their raw materials.
  • the art has developed a public “grading system” that grades possible adverse environmental effects of products.
  • Such systems are known to be associated with certain seals of approval by organizations having a perceived objective reputation regarding environmental matters.
  • a product should also meet certain cost and performance criteria, regardless of environmental attributes. Yet, available grading systems do not take into account a product's efficacy or the desirable attributes of a product. It is therefore desirable to provide a system for evaluating the environmental impact of chemical components, and thereby formulating products having improved environmental characteristics and performance attributes.
  • FIG. 1 is a chart that depicts the combination of selected consumer properties, clinical properties, and material properties to form an environmentally responsible cleansing composition
  • FIG. 2 is a flow diagram depicting a method of formulating an environmentally responsible cleansing composition
  • FIG. 3 is a graph that compares skin conductivity values after washing with various personal cleansing compositions, and compares these values with skin rinsed solely with water.
  • a personal cleansing composition includes at least one primary surfactant having a natural and renewable resource origin, at least one secondary amphoteric and/or nonionic surfactant having a natural and renewable resource origin, at least one humectant having a natural and renewable resource origin, and at least one polymeric and/or quaternary conditioner having a natural and renewable resource origin.
  • the composition has an optimum performance index (OPI) of at least about 5.450.
  • a method for formulating a personal cleansing composition.
  • at least one primary surfactant, at least one secondary amphoteric and/or nonionic surfactant, at least one humectant, and at least one polymeric and/or quaternary conditioner are selected, each of these components having a natural and renewable resource origin.
  • the primary and secondary surfactants are combined with the at least one humectant and the at least one conditioner in a final composition including the combined primary and secondary surfactants at less than about 14 wt. %, and further including the combined at least one humectant and at least one conditioner at less than 5.5 wt. %.
  • an optimum performance index (OPI) is determined for the composition to ensure that the composition has an OPI of at least about 5.450, as calculated by the above formula.
  • compositions tended to be created by sacrificing at least one of the foregoing three factors when another was enhanced.
  • the present invention minimizes or eliminates such sacrifice, realizing optimal benefits of each factor.
  • the present invention accomplishes the goal of producing formulations for personal cleansing products that exhibit high consumer performance and are still environmentally responsible compositions.
  • FIG. 1 a chart depicts the combination of selected consumer properties, clinical properties, and material properties to form an environmentally responsible cleansing composition according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • each of these property categories corresponds to a circular region, and the region in which all three property categories overlap corresponds to formulations for personal cleansing compositions that a) exhibit good performance attributes including high lather content during washing, pleasant skin-feel, and clean rinsing, b) have optimal mildness properties as determined by objective assays, and c) constitute environmentally responsible formulations that produce low carbon dioxide emissions and have high biodegradability.
  • the cleansing compositions have an optimal performance score of at least 5.450, the formula for which will be hereinafter described.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow diagram depicting an exemplary method of formulating the environmentally responsible cleansing compositions having the attributes outlined in FIG. 1 .
  • the method starts by first choosing at least one primary surfactant and at least one secondary surfactant as step 100 .
  • the at least one primary surfactant may be selected from any of the known anionic, amphoteric, or non-ionic surfactants known or previously used in the art of aqueous surfactant, detergent and cleansing compositions.
  • Suitable anionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, alkyl succinates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, N-alkoyl sarcosinates, alkyl phosphates, alkyl ether phosphates, alkyl ether carboxylates, alkylamino acids, alkyl peptides, alkoyl taurates, fatty acids, acyl and alkyl glutamates, and alkyl isethionates, most typically incorporated as their sodium, potassium, magnesium, ammonium and/or mono-, di- and triethanolammonium salts.
  • the alkyl groups that make up the hydrophobic portion of these surfactants generally contain from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and may have various degrees of unsaturation.
  • the alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl ether phosphates and alkyl ether carboxylates may contain from 1 to 10 ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide units per molecule, and preferably contain 0 to 2 ethylene oxide units per molecule.
  • anionic surfactants include sodium and ammonium lauryl ether sulfate with 1-3 moles of ethylene oxide, sodium, ammonium, and triethanol-ammonium lauryl sulfate, disodium laureth sulfosuccinate, sodium cocoyl isethionate, sodium laureth-6 carboxylate, sodium C 12 -C 15 pareth sulfate, sodium methyl cocoyl taurate, sodium cocoyl sarcosinate, and fatty acid soaps (sodium, potassium, magnesium, ammonium, and/or mono-, di-, or triethanol-ammonium salts of fatty acids).
  • Suitable amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactant materials include but are not limited to alkyl betaines, alkyl amidopropyl betaines, alkyl sulphobetaines, alkyl glycinates, alkyl carboxyglycinates, alkyl amphopropionates, alkyl amidopropyl hydroxysultaines, acyl taurates and acyl glutamates wherein the alkyl and acyl groups have from 8 to 18 carbon atoms. Examples include cocamidopropyl betaine, sodium cocoamphoacetate, cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, and sodium cocamphopropionate.
  • Suitable nonionic surfactants include but are not limited to aliphatic (C 6 -C 18 ) primary or secondary linear or branched chain acids, alcohols or phenols, and alkyl phenol alkoxylates.
  • Other suitable nonionics include mono- or di-alkyl alkanolamides and alkyl polysaccharides, and sorbitan fatty acid esters.
  • Examples of suitable nonionic surfactants include coconut mono- or diethanolamide, coconut diglucoside, alkyl polyglucosides, cocamidopropyl and lauramine N-oxide, cetearyl alcohol, lanolin alcohol, stearic acid, and glyceryl stearate.
  • the at least one secondary surfactant ingredient is selected from known amphoteric/zwitterionic or non-ionic surfactant ingredients.
  • Suitable amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactant materials include but are not limited to alkyl betaines, alkyl amidopropyl betaines, alkyl sulphobetaines, alkyl glycinates, alkyl carboxyglycinates, alkyl amphopropionates, alkyl amidopropyl hydroxysultaines, acyl taurates and acyl glutamates wherein the alkyl and acyl groups have from 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • Suitable nonionic surfactants include but are not limited to aliphatic (C 6 -C 18 ) primary or secondary linear or branched chain acids, alcohols or phenols.
  • Other suitable nonionics include mono- or di-alkyl alkanolamides and alkyl polysaccharides, and sorbitan fatty acid esters.
  • nonionic surfactants include coconut mono- or diethanolamide, coconut diglucoside, alkyl polyglucosides, cocamidopropyl and lauramine N-oxide, cetearyl alcohol, lanolin alcohol, stearic acid, and glyceryl stearate.
  • Natural and renewable resource origin chemicals are chemicals that have a starting source from a material that can be easily renewed or replaced, such as plants and animal products. Examples of renewable origin or resources include, but are not limited to, coconut oil, palm oil, corn, cotton, or wood. Examples of non-renewable resource origin chemicals or resources that cannot be easily replaced include, but are not limited to coal, petroleum, and silica or other mined minerals.
  • At least one humectant is selected as step 104 .
  • Humectants are moisture retentive materials, or “moisturizers.” Suitable humectants include any hygroscopic material that is effective in providing moisturization to keratinized tissue such as skin and hair.
  • Humectants suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention include any hygroscopic material having a solubility of at least 50% by weight in water at 25° C. Many of these preferred humectants will have one or more hydroxyl groups attached and are commonly classed as polyols, charbohydrates, amides, alkanolamides, or amines.
  • Non-limiting examples of which include glycerin, sorbitol, honey, glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactic acid, sodium lactate, lactamide, sodium PCA, hydrogenated starch hydrosalate, hydrolyzed corn starch, lactamide MEA, and urea.
  • At least one polymeric and/or quaternary skin conditioner is selected as step 108 .
  • Cationic quaternary ammonium compounds exhibit a positive charge that makes the material substantive to the slightly negatively charged skin and hair proteins, making most monomeric and polymeric quaternary molecules suitable for hair and skin conditioning purposes and as antistatics.
  • Suitable cationic skin conditioning ingredients include a synthetic, but naturally derived cationic polymer, not limited to polyquaternium-10 or hydroxypropyl guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride or a quaternary ammonium compound, not limited to cocamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride, hydrogenated starch hydrolysate hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, hydroxypropyltrimonium hydrolyzed wheat protein, and the like.
  • miscellaneous functional additives may include pH and viscosity modifiers, fragrance oil, botanical extracts or oils, opacifying agents, and/or exfoliating agents.
  • pH modifiers include citric acid, malic acid, salicylic acid, and sodium hydroxide.
  • Sodium chloride and ammonium chloride are just a couple of non-limiting examples of viscosity modifiers.
  • botanical extracts or botanical oils include citrus grandis (grapefruit) fruit extract, punica granatum Extract (pomegranate), rosemary officinalis (rosemary) leaf extract, mentha peperita (peppermint) leaf extract, prunus amygdalus dulcis (sweet almond) seed extract, almond oil, theobroma cacao (cocoa) seed butter, sunflowerseed oil, soybean oil, and lavender oil ( lavandula angustifolia ).
  • opacifying agents include glycol stearate, glycol distearate, titanium dioxide, mica, and magnesium aluminum silicate.
  • exfoliating agents include apricot seed meal, walnut shells, jojoba esters, silica, ground vanilla seeds, rice bran wax, and carnauba wax.
  • At least one preservative may also be included in the composition as part of the miscellaneous additives. If so, the method continues to step 114 for a determination of whether each preservative is further characterized as being globally approved, and being a non-formaldehyde or formaldehyde-releasing compound, and also being non-paraben and non-isothiazolinone in nature. If not, returning to step 112 , different preservatives are selected as part of the miscellaneous additives.
  • Non-limiting examples of suitable preservatives include benzoic acid, sorbic acid, sodium benzoate, sorbic acid, sodium salicylate, salicylic acid, phenoxyethanol, caprylyl glycol, tropolone, glucose oxidase, lactoperoxidase, and combinations of the like, intended for preservation of the finished formula; salts, opacifying agents, pH adjusters and or fragrance oils.
  • step 116 by completing the formulation.
  • decisions are made regarding whether groups of the main functional ingredients are included at suitable concentrations. As part of these decisions, it is determined as step 118 whether the total surfactant concentration is less than about 14 wt. %. If not, the method returns to step 100 for selection of the primary surfactants and/or the amount of each to be included.
  • the total concentration of the at least one primary surfactant ranges between about 3 and about 8 wt. %
  • the total concentration of the at least one secondary surfactant ranges between about 2 and about 6 wt. %.
  • step 120 It is also determined as step 120 whether the combined humectant and skin conditioner concentrations is less than about 5.5 wt. %. If not, the method returns to steps 104 and/or 108 for selection of the humectant and/or the skin conditioner and/or the amount of each to be included.
  • the at least one humectant is included in the range of about 1 to about 4 wt. %
  • the at least one conditioner is included in the range of about 0.1 to about 1.5 wt. %.
  • step 122 It is further determined as step 122 whether there is less than about 2 wt. % preservative in the completed formulation. If not, then the method returns to step 112 for selection of the preservative as part of the miscellaneous functional additives and/or the amount of preservative to be included.
  • a preferred personal cleansing composition includes combined miscellaneous functional additives in the range of 0.1 to 2.0% by weight.
  • OPI optimum performance index
  • An exemplary formulation has a total solids concentration that is no greater than about 24 wt. %.
  • the Zein score for a personal cleansing composition is important because a low Zein score corresponds to a high prediction for skin mildness. Performing a test that measures the amount of corn protein (zein) that is dissolved by a surfactant mixture or cleansing product, such as a body wash, obtains the Zein score. The greater the amount of zein that is dissolved in a personal cleansing product, the harsher a product is indicated to be. Therefore, a low Zein score indicates a mild overall formulation, and consequently, a better product for personal cleansing use.
  • zein corn protein
  • the performance grade is obtained by testing the personal cleansing composition for consumer overall liking.
  • the performance grade is a number between 1 and 100, and equals a percentage of a maximum possible grade that can be awarded.
  • a preferred personal cleansing composition has a performance grade that is at least about 80% of a maximum possible grade for a consumer liking test. Particulars of such tests will be subsequently discussed.
  • Table 1 outlines three exemplary compositions (“Formulas A, C, and G”), including their main functional ingredients, that satisfy the previously-discussed composition qualifications, including their ingredients.
  • the percentage by weight of the total solids content is one factor when calculating the OPI for a particular personal cleansing composition, and an exemplary formulation has a total solids concentration that is no greater than about 24 wt. %.
  • Table 2 lists all of the ingredients for Formula A, and an example of a conventional commercialized formulation (“Comparative Formula B”) is also included in the table.
  • carbon dioxide emissions generally refers to a measure of the amount of carbon dioxide or CO 2 emitted through the combustion of fossil fuels; in the case of an organization, business or enterprise, as part of their everyday operations; in the case of an individual or household, as part of their daily lives; or in the case of a product or commodity, as part of reaching market.
  • carbon dioxide emissions In terms of materials, it is essentially a measure of embodied energy, the result of life cycle analysis. This is directly related to the amount of natural resources consumed, increasingly used or referred to as a measure of environmental impact.
  • Carbon dioxide is recognized as a greenhouse gas, of which increasing levels in the atmosphere are linked to global warming and climate change.
  • calculators available for carbon dioxide emissions. However, in simple terms, it can be measured by determining the total carbon in a given formulation and determining the amount of carbon dioxide the product will produce over time as it enters the waste stream.
  • exemplary skin care or other personal cleansing composition has a total carbon percentage no greater than about 11.5%.
  • an exemplary personal cleansing composition has carbon dioxide emissions that do not exceed 2.5 g per 5 g of product dose or usage. Table A lists the total carbon percentage, together with the carbon dioxide emissions for previously disclosed Formula A and Comparative Formula B.
  • Table 4 lists the ingredients for Formula C, and Comparative Formulas D and E, along with their total solids content, their total carbon content, and their carbon dioxide emissions.
  • the examples of Tables 3 and 4 illustrate exemplary carbon dioxide emissions by assuming that every component of the composition (all of the carbon) will break down and form CO 2 .
  • the Zein score for a personal cleansing composition is important because, as previously discussed, a low Zein score indicates a mild overall formulation, and consequently, a better product for personal cleansing use.
  • An optimum range for a Zein score is 0% to 25%.
  • One exemplary method for obtaining a Zein score includes preparing a 20 wt. % solution of the personal cleansing composition in water, and to add 1.5 g of zein powder into 30 g of the solution. After filtering and drying the solution, the amount of remaining zein is measured, and the percentage of zein that was dissolved in the personal cleansing composition is then calculated. The percentage is the number used to calculate the composition's OPI.
  • Table 5 lists the Zein scores for exemplary Formulas A and C, along with scores for conventional comparative formulas B, D, E, and F, based on in-vitro mildness tests.
  • the performance grade is the final variable that is used to calculate a personal cleansing composition's OPI, and is obtained by testing the personal cleansing composition for consumer overall liking.
  • the performance grade is a number between 1 and 100, and is preferably is at least 80, meaning that a personal cleansing composition has a performance grade that is at least about 80% of a maximum possible grade for a consumer liking test.
  • An exemplary method of screening the finished personal cleansing composition to gauge “performance” is a consumer liking test, such as a home use test, during which the consumer evaluates their overall liking for the composition, as well as their liking of key performance attributes. The test is performed blindly, meaning that the consumer is unable to determine from any containers, indicia, etc. the source of the composition.
  • test is performed by a diverse pool of consumers covering a wide demographic range in categories that include, as appropriate, geography, race, age, and sex.
  • Personal cleansing compositions selected and manufactured in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention, exhibit surprising consumer performance attributes, clinical moisturization, and in-vitro mildness results. Furthermore, as listed in Tables 6 and 7, the overall liking for exemplary skin care and natural body washes such as Formula A are significantly higher (83%) than that of comparative body washes such as Comparative Formula B (76.7%). For the data represented in Tables 6 and 7, the consumers were able to grade the compositions based on a nine-point scale, with 9.0 being the highest possible performance score, 7.0-9.0 being considered by the consumer as having high performance, 6.0-6.9 being considered by the consumer as having mediocre performance, and less than 6.0 being considered by the consumer as having inferior performance.
  • the personal cleansing compositions may be further optimized in terms of their environmental, skin or hair mildness, or consumer liking performance.
  • an exemplary composition imparts superior skin moisturization when compared with water.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph that compares skin conductivity values after washing with Formula C and Comparative Formula E, and compares these values with skin rinsed solely with water, with all testing being performed following the standard leg controlled application test (LCAT).
  • LCAT leg controlled application test
  • subjects are washed with an adequate amount (i.e. 250 ml) of a cleansing composition after obtaining baseline conductivity measurements for the skin prior to washing. Visual and instrumental measurements are then taken at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours after washing.
  • a conductivity meter measures skin surface conductivity.
  • exemplary personal cleansing compositions of the present invention also are formed from ingredients that are biodegradable. More particularly, preferable personal cleansing compositions include the at least one primary and secondary surfactants, and the at least one humectant as compounds that experience greater than 60% biodegradation within 28 days.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
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US12/150,221 2008-04-25 2008-04-25 Environmentally responsible personal cleansing compositions with high performance Active 2029-04-04 US7981851B2 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/150,221 US7981851B2 (en) 2008-04-25 2008-04-25 Environmentally responsible personal cleansing compositions with high performance
PCT/US2009/039330 WO2009131816A1 (en) 2008-04-25 2009-04-02 Environmentally responsible personal cleansing compositions with high performance
EP09735866A EP2268781A4 (de) 2008-04-25 2009-04-02 Umweltfreundliche körperpflegezusammensetzungen mit hoher leistung
US12/839,478 US8076277B2 (en) 2008-04-25 2010-07-20 Environmentally responsible personal cleansing compositions with high performance

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US20090270297A1 (en) 2009-10-29
EP2268781A4 (de) 2011-11-23
EP2268781A1 (de) 2011-01-05
US8076277B2 (en) 2011-12-13
WO2009131816A1 (en) 2009-10-29
US20100279908A1 (en) 2010-11-04

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