US794266A

US794266A - Electric signaling and electropneumatic train-control system.

Info

Publication number: US794266A
Application number: US19677604A
Authority: US
Inventors: John Alexander Whyte
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1904-03-05
Filing date: 1904-03-05
Publication date: 1905-07-11
Anticipated expiration: 1922-07-11

Description

PATENTED JULY 11, 1905.

J. A. WHYTE. ELECTRIC SIGNALING AND ELEGTROPNEUMATIG TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED MAB.. 5, 1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

PATENTED JULY 11, 1905.

J. A. WEYTE. ELECTRIC SICNALINC AND E LECTEOENECMATIC TRAIN CCNTECL SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED MAB.. 5, 1964. A

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

libzwsses.

PATENTED JULY 1I, 1,905.

J. A. WHY'IE. ELECTRIC SIGNALING AND ELECTROPNEUMA'I'IC TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED MAB. 5, 1904.

3 SHEETSr-SHEET 3.

Even/Lor 725, www..

Mimes.

ffm/a( ma 1MM Marien fra'ries Patented July 11, 1905.

llafrnrir Ottica JOHN ALEXANDER WHYTE, OF TORONTO, CANADA.

SPECIFCATION forming' part of Letters Patent No. 794,266, dated July 11, 1905.

Application filed March 5, 1904. Serial No. 196,776.

To LZ/ wit/)rit it 7uur/y concern:

Be it known that l, JouN ALnxANnnn. WnY'rn, electrician, a subject of the King' of (irreat Britain, residing in the city et' Toronto, in the county ol: York, in the Province ol Ontario, Canada, have invented new and useful Improvements in Electric Signaling' and Electropiieinnatic 'lrain-(lontrol Systems,of which the following is a specilicatioi'i.

My invention relates to improvements in electric signaling' and eleetropneumatic traincontrol systems of the normal-clear class; and one object ol my invention is to notify the engineer by electrically-operated means within his cab when a rail or the wiring in his block has been broken, when a switch is open therein, when a current-cowlucting obstruction or train is within his block, and when the electrically-operated means within his cab is itselll ont of order.

Another object is to enable the station agent to signal the engineer' ot' an inbound and outbound train.

A still further object is to provide electropneuinatic means within tho cab l"or automatically applying the air-brake when the engineer neglects to obey signals.

'.lhe invention consists,essentially, in dividi ing' the track into a series ol blocks, each block comprising a third rail or trolle -wire divided into insulated sections, in dividing the lirst track-rail into insulated sections, (preln'ably ot same length as third-rail or trolley-wire sections.) in utilizing the second t1'acl\'rail as a common conductor for all the blocks, in suitably wiring the proper insulated sections ot' the third rail or trolley-wire and said irst track-rail to each other and to said second track-rail, in completing the circuit by means ol the train, and in providing electrically-operated means within the engineers cab whereby he will be notilied of the condition o't' the block he is in or ot' the said electrically-operated means itself.

lVly invention further consists in combining with the al)ove-enumerated. elements electropneumatic means situated in the engineei"s cab for automatically applying' the air-b 'ake when the engineer neglects to obey signals.

My invention further consists in providing a suitable circuit-controlling means and an annunciator in the station and wiring same to the inbound station-block and outbound station-block and to said second track-rail. whereby the presence o1u a train in the block station may be indicated or by means ol: which the station agent may signal the engineer of said train The drawings illustrate one track ot' a double track, and the trains are all supposed to be traveling eastward. The track tor trains traveling westward will of course be a d uplicate ol the track shown. 'lhe current is always liowing through part et' the apparatus in the engineers cab and the block in circuit with said part ol the aliiparatus when the said part ot' the apparatus and the blocks are in working order. The blocks are preferably a mile in leugtl'l, made up of sections of haltl a mile, the current always liowing through the block in advance ot' the train. The cab is the source ot electrical energy.

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view o't' my track divided into blocks, showing' a train thereon. Fig'. .2 is a similar view showing the station wired to the inbound station-block and to the outbound station-block and to second trackrail, the same being' in circuit with a through train. Fig'. 3 is a similar view showing the station in circuit with a through train and also showing suitable wiring and switches for controlling the circuit at switch centers. Fig. 4t is a similar view showing the station in eircuit with a train, the station agent having signaled the engineer to stop in the inbound station-block. Fig. 5 is a similar view showing' the station in circuit with a train, the station agent having' signaled the engineer to pass through. Fig. 6 is a similar' view showing' the station in circuit with 'a train, the station agent having signaled the engineer to stop in the lirst block westot' the inbound station-block. Fig. 7 is asimilar' view showing the station in circuit with an outbound train, the station agent having signaled the engineer to stop in the outbound stationblock. Fig'. 8 is a Vfront elevation of the electrically-operated signaling means used in the engineei"s cab and electrolmeumatic means lor applying the air-brake. Fig. 9 1s in part IOO a side elevation of the parts shown in Fig. 8, parts being removed and a vertical section being' taken on the line a I). Fig. 10 is an enlarged front elevation of the casing containing the station mechanism. Fig'. 11 is an enlarged detail of parts shown in Fig. 9. Fig. 12 is a view similar to Fig. 7, showing an alternative controlling means whereby the station agent signals an outbound train to stop in the outbound station-block. Fig. 13

is an enlarged detail View in perspective of' parts shown in Fig. 9; and Fig. 14 is a diagrammatic view of an electric trolley-road divided into my blocks, showing a trolley-car thereon.

In the drawings like characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in each figure.

When the train or electric car is to pass through, its approach to the station will operate the distant semaphore in the station first when it enters the home portion of its (the trains) block (see Figs. 2 and 5) and then opcrate the home semaphore of the station when it (the train) enters the inbound station-block (See Fig.

Eleetropneumatic means for operating the air-brake mechanism is not shown in the diagrammatic views, as the electricallyoperated means for signaling the condition of the block to the engineer or motorman will operate independent thereof.

The track is divided into a series of blocks of any desired length. The first track-rail A is divided into a series of insulated sections, while the second track-rail D is not divided into sections and is used as a common path for the return-current of the several blocks. Preferably (though not essentially) situated between the rails A and D is the third. rail E, which is divided into insulated sections, preferably of the same length as the insu-lated sections of the first track-rail A. A single block consists of one of the sections E' of the third rail; section A2 of the first tracl -rail; the wiring B,connecting the section E to the section A2; the wiring C, connecting the section A2 with the second track-rail D, and the portion of the second track-rail D from pointb` where the wiring C connects therewith, back to the train. A train is shown to be in circuit with the block just described, and the path of the current will be shown by arrows in full.

A3 represents insulating-points for the sections of'the first track-rail A, and E2 represents insulating-points for the sections of the third rail E.

I preferably use a resistance-coil J in the wiring of each block, but may dispense with same.

K represents the train or engineers cab, which is suitably provided with any suitable conducting-shoes L and M, which operate on the third rail E. (Shown in con-tact with one of the sections E thereof.) The cab K is provided with a source of electrical energy O',

an ordinary signal-magnet O, an electrical apparatus P, and an electromagnet Q, both operated by an excessive current owing through the circuit, the feed-wire R, and return-wire R', putting in circuit said source of electrical energy and devices in the cab with the block before described through the conducting'- shoes L and M, the current returning from second track-rail D through the aXle of the cab back to source of electrical energy O', as shown by full arrows in Fig. 1. From the description and illustrations it will be clearly understood that the. live block overlaps part (preferably one-half) of the preceding block. By following out the live block (shown by arrows in full in Fig. 1) and the preceding dead block (shown by dotted arrows) the way the live block overlaps part of the preceding dead block will be clearly understood. The insulated sections F] of the third rail. together with their corresponding length of second track-rail D adjacent thereto, constitute the home portion of the block for the train,where as the insulated sections A2 of' the first track.- rail A, together with their corresponding length of second' track-rail D wired thereto, constitute the distant portion of the block for train. In all cases the shoe M enters the block first, and, as shown, the shoe L must enter therein simultaneously with the locoby an excessive current flowing through the circuit) and signal-magnet O are all in circuit with the block before described, through TOO the source of electrical energy O' b means l ofthe feed-wire R and return-Wire R', the direction of the current being shown by arrows. By reason of the constant How of current therethrough the armature 4 of the signal-magnet O keeps the home semaphore 5 in the position shown of normal clear counterbalancing the weight 6. Should the circuit be broken, either by reason of' a defeet in the signal-magnet O itself or by reason of the device Por electromagnet Q being electrically out of' operation or by reason of a broken rail, an open switch, or from any other reason, the cessation of current through said signal-magnet O will cause the weight 6 to move the home semaphore 5, secured to the spindle 5' of said signal-magnet, into the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 8, thus warning the engineer that there is danger in his block. Should a current-conducting obstruction, such as another train, be within the distant part of his block, as shown by dotted lines at R, Fig. 1, the circuit will be short# IIO circuited, taking the path through said obstruction, as shown by dotted arrows, back into the cab, as shown by arrows in full, thus causing an excess of current to flow through the apparatus l), which will cause the apparatus l) to operate so as to move its distant semaphore 7, secured to its spindle 8, up into the position shown by dotted lines, Fig. 8, thus signaling the engineer.

Although l have shown the elcctromagnet Q, as being in the same circuit with the signal-magnet O and the apparatus fl), it must be understood that for the performance of the operation before described said electromagnet Q is not necessary. VI preferably use the electromagnet Q with the apparatus P, se that in case either one should be out of order the working one will operate the apparatus hereinafter described for the purpose of applying the air-brake. The apparatus before described for communicating to the engineer the condition of his bleek will enable the engineer to take the necessary precautions; but in case he should be asleep the said apparatus alone will not apply the air-brake.

Aln order to automatically apply the airbrakes after the above-described operation of either of the apparatus O and l), I provide the following' means: 9 is any suitable clock mechanism suitably supported within the casing A2. The minute-hand shaft 10 of said clock mechanism is extended out through suitable supports and is provided at its outer end with the minute-hand 11. In Figs. 8 and 9 I have shown three

electromagnets

12, 13, and 14, which are operated consecutively in order to permit air to escape from their respective air-

pipes

15, 16, and 17, which are connected to the train-pipe18 by any suitable coupling 19, and thus gradually apply the air-brakes. l of course may use only one of these eleetromagnets, and the description of the operation of one will do for all. In order to enable the said elcctromagnets 12, 13, and 14 to operate the air-brakes at different times, suitable mechanism is provided, and as themechanism for each magnet is the same in construction and operation the description of that for one magnet will do for all. Surrounding the minute hand shaft 10 is a sleeve 20, which is prevented from rotating by any suitable attachment 21, secured to the casing A2, which houses the said signaling apparatus and air-brake-applying mechanism. Keyed to the sleeve 25, which has free movement round the sleeve 20, is an insulated disk 26. The distance of the circuit-conducting portion of the disk 26 from the brush 34 for same, Fig. 11, represents the time elapsing between the operation of either of the apparatus O and P and the application of the airbrake by the magnet 12. The overseeing engineer will time the application of the airbrakes forsaid electromagnets to operate at anydcsired time after the operation of either of the signaling apparatus before described or the electromagnet Q, by mechanism hereinafter described. 1f there is an open circuit, the movement of the home semaphore 5 in to the dotted position shown in Fig. 8 will, by means of the crank-arm 27, secured to or forming part of its spindle 5', resting in the bottom of the slot 28, formed in the rod 29, (which rod is held so as to have the necessary vertical movement,) move the said rod 29 down in the direction indicated by arrow, thus moving the contact-piece 30 (secured to the spindle 55 of the electromagnet Q) out of contact with the cscapement-wheel 31 of the clock mechanism, permitting the clock to opcrate.

33 is a pinion having' movement on the minute-hand shaft 10 by means of the usual ratchet 33, keyed to said minute-hand shaft 10, and the pawl 33, securedto said pinion and engaging said ratchet. By the operation of the minute-hand shaft and by means of the said pawl and ratchet the pinion 33 is moved round, thus moving the brush-holder 32, secured thereto, round in the direction indicated by arrow in Fig. 11, so as to bring the'brush 34 in contact with the metal strip 35, secured to the insulated disk 26, thus closing the circuit 'lrom the battery 36, through the feedwire37, to the brush 39, held in any suitable brush-holder40,through the commutator-disk 42, keyed to the minute-hand shaft 10, thence by the wire 43 to the metal strip 35 of the insulated disk 26, thence through the brush 34, wire 44, to the cemmutator-disk 46, keyed to the min utc-hand shaft, then to the brush 47, wire 4S, to the electromagnet 12, returning back through the wire 3S to the battery 36, the described circuit being shown by arrows. The current passing through the electromagnet 12 attracts its armature 49, thus by means of its valve 50, secured to the spindle 51, secured to the armature 49, opening passageway 52, thus permitting air to escape from the air-pipe 15 through the coupling 53 and out of same by means of the port 54, this operation reducing the ai r-pressure a certain amount and allowing the air-brake to be applied.

During the operation of the signal-magnet O in depressing the rod 29 it will be seen upon reference to Fig. 13 that the spindle 8 of the apparatus l) is not operated upon, because its crank-arm S rests in the bottom of a slot 89', formed in said rod 29. The clock mechanism 9 of course will continue to operate until stopped by the mechanism new to be described.

When the brush 34 is being moved in the direction indicated by arrow in Fig. 11, the operation of the pinion 33 will depress the toothed rack 55 in mesh therewith (which toothed rack is held in suitable brackets 56) down in the direction indicated by arrow. Should the engineer not return the brush 34 to normal, the operation of the clock .mechlOO IIO

anism will depress the toothed rack 55 down to the limit of its movement and same will then stop the clock mechanism. 58 is any suitable valvewhich controls the supply of air from the train-pipe 18 into the

pipes

15, 16, and 17. The stem 57 of this valve eX- tends out and is provided with a handle 59, by means of which the engineer may operate same. In order to cut oi'i" the supply of air through the

pipes

15, 16, and 17, to stop the clock mechanism, to return the brush-holder 32 back to normal, to return the rod 29 to normal, and to temporarily open the circuit for the apparatus O, P, and Q, the engineer moves the valve-stem 57 in the direction indicated by arrow, thus 'closing the valve 58 and bringing the arm 60, secured to said valve-stem. in contact with the contact-piece 30, secured to the spindle 55, moving sarn'e back to normal and holding it in Contact with the escapement-wheel 81, thus stopping the clock mechanism 9. After said clock mechanism has been stopped the cam 61, secured to the valve-stem 57, abuts the toothed rack 55, moving same upward into the position shown in full lines in Figs. 8 and 9, thus returningthe brush-holder 82 and brush 34 into the position shown in Fig. 11, thus opening the circuit for the

magnets

12, 13, and 14E. rIhis opening of the circuit enables the spring to move the valve 50 back to normal, preventing escape of air from pipe 15. The armature 49 is also returned to normal by said spring. As the rod 29 normally rests upon the contact-piece 30, same is returned to normal when said contact-piece is returned to normal. Asthehomesemaphore was moved into the dotted position shown in Fig. 8 by reason of the open circuit the-movement ot' the rod 29 back to normal by means of the crankarm 27, resting in its slot 28, returns the home semaphoreback to normal. Just after the arm 60 has returned the contact-piece 30 back to normal, so as to stop the escapementwheel 31, any suitable switch mechanism 62, secured in partto valve-stem 57, is operated, so as to open the circuit Vfor the apparatus O, P, and Q. Having returned the parts to normal the engineer returns the valve-stem 57 to normal, thus opening the valve 58 and returning the arm 60 and cam 61 back to normal and closing the circuit controlled by this switch 62, thus putting the apparatus in condition for signaling. It' the circuit has been short-circuited and the apparatus P be in working order, the distant semaphore 7 will be moved up into the dotted position shown in Fig. 8, and its crank-arm 8', operating in the slot 82, will depress the rod 29, overcoming the resistance of the spring' 54C of the electromagnet Q, thus moving the contactpiece 30 out of contact with the escapementwheel 31 and permitting the clock mechanism 9 to operate, and thus apply the airbrake by means of the electromagnet 12, as

before described. When the rod 29 is being moved back to normal after the operation of the mechanism P, the crank-arm 8l of same operating in the slot 82 will be operated, so as to return thc distant semaphore 7 back to normal. As the mechanisms for timing the operation of thc air-brake by the magnets are the same for all, the description of one will be sufficient.

22 is any suitable spindle, to the inner end of which is keyed a gear-wheel 23, which meshes with the gear-wheel 241, secured to or forming part of the sleeve 25.

From the drawings and description it will be understood that the insulated disk 26 is controlled in its movement by the gear-wheels 23 and 24 and is of course held normally stationary. The overseeing engineer has set the insulated disk 26 (see Fig. 11) so that the electromagnet 12 will apply the air-brake within eight seconds after the operation of the apparatus O and P and Q---that is, the brush 311v will make contact with the metal strip 35 of the insulated disk 26 and complete the circuit be fore described, thus enabling the magnet l2 to apply the air-brake. In case the apparatus P should be out of order, as before mentioned, an excessive current v[iowing through the magnet Q when the circuit has been shortcircuited will cause its armature 56 to be attracted, thus overcoming the resistance of the spring 54,r and bring the contact-piece 30 out ol: contact with the escapement-wheel 31, permitting the clock mechanism 9 to operate. The depression of the contact-piece 30 by the solc operation of the magnet Q will enable the rod 29 to be moved down by gravity. Of course at all times the rod 29 rests upon the contact-piece 80. By reason of the slots 28 and 82 in said rod its downward movement will not interfere with the indication of the home semaphore 5 nor the distant semaphore 7.

From the operation just described it will be understood that when the apparatus P is out of order and the circuit has been short-circuited no indication of same by the semaphore 7 will be made, but the magnet Q will operate to release the clock mechanism, so that the air-brakes may be applied. rIhe distance ot' the circuit-conducting portion of the disk 26 'from the brush 84 Vfor same, Fig. 11, represents the time elapsing between the operation o't' the magnet Q (when the apparatus P is out of order and the circuit has been short-circuited) and the application of the airbrake by themagnet 12. When the mechanism P and the magnet Q are both in working order and the circuit has been short-circuited, both will of course operate to release the esca1,)ementwheel 31. The spring 54e', it will be understood, maintains the contact-piece 30 and rod 29 at normal at all times.

In order to visually indicate to the engineer when the air-brake mechanism will be applied IOO by the magnets, I provide mechanism similar to the following for each magnet.

I shall describe the mechanism for visually indicating the time ot' operation of the electromagnet 12, which operates in connection with the insulated disk 26.

64 is a gear-wheel keyed to the spindle 22 and meshing with the gearwheel 65, secured to or forming part of the sleeve 66, which has free movement round the sleeve 20. On the end of the sleeve 66 is a hand 67. By turning the spindle 22 in the direction indicated by arrow in Fig. 8 the overseeing engineer has set the hand 67 so that the magnet 12 will apply the ai r-brake in eight seconds after the operation of the apparatus O, 1, and Q. The brush-holder 32 at normal position (see Fig. 1l) occupies the same vertical position as the minute-hand 11. As the clock mechanism operates the minute-hand 11 and brush-holder 32 are simultaneously moved round tothe right, and immediately the minute hand 11 indicates eiglit seconds the brush 34 is brought in contact with the metal strip 35, as before described, thus closing the circuit to the electromagnet 12. The elcctromagnet 13 has been set to apply the air-brake in twelve seconds, as shown by its hand (3S, the distance of which from Zero corresponds to the distance of the brush 69 from the contact-strip T() of the insulated disk 71, (see Fig. 11,) and the electromagnet 14 has been setto apply the air-brake in fifteen seconds, as shown by its hand 73, the distance of which from zero corresponds to the distance ofthe brush 74 from the contact-strip 75 of the insulated disk 76.

As before mentioned, 1 provide any suitable circuit-controlling means and an annunciator in the station. The inbound stationblock E is the section of track extending w est from the station to the first insulation-points Nz and E2, and the outbound station-block E" is the section of track extending cast from the station to the lirst insulation-pointsA and E2. Upon referring to the drawings it will be seen that the blocks E and E' arc shorter than the blocks before described. The circuitcontrolling means T, situated in thestation T', is wired to the sections A2 by means of wires U and V and is wired to thesections E' by wires V and V and is wired to the second trackrail l) by wire V. The circnit-controlling means shown consists ofa spindle T, to which is secured suitable insulated disks. As shown in Fig. 4, the circuit-controlling means T is at normal, and as a consequence the engineer of an inbound train lnust stop in the block E. By following the circuit from the section of the third rail E through the. wire V, secured thereto, it will be seen that the brush rests in contact with the insulated portion of the disk 15,' thus opening the circuit. The openingl of the circuit will ot' com'se operate the signaling-magnet O in the engineers cab, as before described. As shown in Fig. 5, the

station agent has operated the circuit-controlling apparatus T so that the engineer of an inbound train may be notitied that he is to pass through the station. Vhcn the inbound train is in the block W immediately west of the block E, the circuit will travel in the dircction indicated by arrow through the' wire U. connected to one of the sections A2, through the brush t in contact with the circuit-conducting'portion t3 of the insulated disk it,

'thence through the wire t, through the'signal-magnet t, operating the distant semaphore l of same up into the position shown, (thus signaling the station agent the position of the inbound train,) from the said signal magnet through the wire t7 and brush s to the circuitconducting portion t" of the insulated disk tm, thence through the wire t downto the section A2 of the first track-rail A, through the wire C to the second track-rail D,

and back to the locomotive without having any cifcct upon the aiiiparatus therein. lVhen the train comes into the block E3, the current flows through the wire V in the direction indicated by dotted arrows, following the course shown through the apparatus T to the home signal-magnet t, operating the home semaphore zmof same into the position shown in Fig. 3, thus signaling the station agent the position of the train, the circuit being completed, as shown by dotted arrows, back to train, the current havingl no effect on the apparatus in the cab. As shown in Fig. 6, the station agent has operated the circuit-controlling mechanism T so as to signal the engineer ot' an inbound train in the block W to stop in said block. By following the circuit Vfrom the train through the track to the wire U, as shown by arrows, through the apparatus T it will be seen that the current passes from the wire U to the wire n, through the brush u in contact with the circuit-conducting portion fa of the insulated disk 25H, through the wire 5 to the signal-magnet t, operating the distant semaphore (l ot' same up into the position shown, thence by the wire t7 through the brush s in contact with the circuit-conducting portion a of the insulated disk t1", through thc wire t to the wire V3, thence to the track-rail D, thus short-circuiting the circuit and causing either the apparatus l. or Q, in the cab, or both of them, to operate as before described. In case the station agent wishes to stop an outbound train still in circuit with the section V" (see Fig. 7) of the third rail E he operates the circuit-controlling means T, so that the current will flow back 'from said section V", through the wire V2, to the signal-magnet t, operating the home semaphore tl into the position shown, thence by the wirc if to the brush v/in contact with the circuit-conducting portion f//fi of the insuiated disk 1", thence by the wire t to the circuit-conducting portion n o'f the insulated disk tm, through the brush u and Ywire 152",

TOO

ITO

down to the wire V, thence through the second track-rail D, thus short-circuiting the circuit and causing the apparatus P or Q, or both, to operate as before described. In Fig. 7, although the distant semaphore 7 in the engineers cab will be operated by reason of the short-circuiting of the circuit, the home semaphore 13 will be operated in the station.

In order to prevent the operation of the home semaphore 12 and the distant semaphore 7 when the train is in the position described in Fig. 7, I have provided an alternative construction of the circuit-conducting means T, (shown in Fig. 12,) so that only the home semaphore 5 in the engineers cab will be operated. The train being in the block E1, Fig. 1Q, the current flows back through the wire a, as shown by arrows in full, to the wire 20, to the brush luf in contact with the insulated portion of the disk tu', thus opening the circuit and causing the signal-magnet O to opcrate.

The end of the shaft T2 has any suitable pointer T, which operates to the right, as shown by arrows, bearing on its face the words "Homef7 Distantf L"I`hrough,7 and Emergency. When the station agent wishes to signal the engineer as before described, he operates the indicator T l to any of the above words.

Upon referring to Fig. 3 it will be seen that I have provided any suitable wiring for overcoming the switch-centers Y. These switchcenters of course cause a break in the trackcircuit, and I must provide suitable wiring to overcome same. The shoes L and M will of course be wide enough apart in actual practice so as to bridge these dead-centers Y. It will of course be understood that if there were no switches or tracks crossing the track described it would not be necessary for me to use two shoes. A suitable switch mechanism is shown, which in case the train were to be switched off onto the crossover j operates so as to throw the portionof the track the train is on in circuit with thesaid crossover. as will be clearly understood. By means of the wire Z the current passes through the switch ffl, through the wire Z', joining the third-rail section E at 2, thence by means of the wire V' to and through the station T', as shown by dotted arrows, Fig. 5, and back by the wire V2, following out the further circuit through the track and wiring, as shown by arrows, to the point l, then bythe wire l" back through the switch t' to the wire Z, thence to the second track-rail D back, as shown by arrows, to the cab, the circuit being completed, as shown by arrows, through the section E'. The station agent has in Fig. 3 operated his mechanism T so that the engineer will pass through the station. The station agent has also operated his mechanism T in Fig. 2 so that the train will pass through, the circuit having been described in Fig. 5.

I of course do not confine myself to using the electromagnet Q, but preferably use same, so as to insure the operation of the

magnets

12, 13, and 14 should the apparatus P be out of order. Neither do I confine myself to any particular means for completing the circuit to the

elcctromagnets

12, 13, and 14 after the operation of the signaling apparatus O and P and the magnet Q.

It will be understood that I may dispense with the means shown and described whereby the engineer times the application of the electromagnet and the mechanism by which he visually indicates to the engineer when said magnet will apply the airbrakes. Neitherl do I confine myself to any particular circuit-controlling means and annunciator for use in the station.

If desired, I may only use one source of electrical energy for the apparatus O, I), and Q and the magnets used for applying the airbrakes.

I have described thc circuits through the station and blocks merely for explanatory purposes and of course do notconiine myself to the wiring shown.

I do not confine myself to using the third rail divided into insulated sections in connection with the tracks A and D, as I will use an overhead-trolley wire insulated into sections in connection with electric railroads. Upon referring to Fig. 14 it will be seen that c represents an electric car which is provided with the source of electrical energyO', apparatus I) and O, and wiring R and R.' c' is any suitable contact-arm or trolley-wheel which is held in contact with the trolley-wire 02, which is divided into the sections c3. To convey the current for operating the electric car, of course any suitable conductor may be used, such as a trolley-wire ci. c represents the usual supports for the wires c2 and c2. The insulated sections c2 of the trolley-wire c2 are preferably of the same length as the insulated sections A2. The sections c2 will be wired to the sections A2 by the wiring' B, and the sections A2 will be wired to the second track-rail D by the wiring C. The sections c2 of the trolley-wire c2 are insulated from each other, as shown at c". From this description it will be understood that the insulated sections c2 of the trolley-wire 02 correspond to the insulated sections E of the third rail E. Of course any suitable circuit-controlling means and annunciator will be used in connection with the block as constructed for electric roads.

I further claim the combination with Amy block of any electrically-operated means or air-brake-applying apparatus for the purpose set forth.

The electrical apparatus P may be an electromagnet or an ampere-coil or any electrical apparatus that will operate when more than the usual current is passing through the circuit.

IOO

llO

That I claim as my invention is- In a system ot' the class described, a block comprising one insulated section of a conductor which is divided into a series of insulated sections; an insulated section, of the tirst trackrail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; the second track-rail used as a common conductor `for all the blocks; suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of the said conductor to the immediately preceding insulated section of said [irst trackrail, and suitable wiring for connecting the said immediately preceding section of said first track-rail to the said second track-rail.

2. In a system of the class described, a block comprising one insulated section of a conductor which is divided into a series of insulated sections; an insulated section, ot the first trackrail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; the second track-rail 4used as a common conductor for all the blocks; suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section ot the said conductor to the immediately preceding insulated section of said iirst track-rail; suitable wiring lor connecting the said immediately preceding section of said [irst trackrail to the said second track-rail, and a resistance-coil in the wiring for said block.

3. In a system of the class described, the combination with a block comprising one insulated section ot' a conductor which is divided in to a series of insulated sections; an insulated section, of the iirst track-rail which is divided into a series ot' insulated sections; the second track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks; suitable wiring for connecting said insulated section of the said conductor to the said insulated section of the said lirst trackrail, and suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of said first track-rail to the said second track-rail, of a source of electrical energy placed in the cab; electrically-operated signaling means in said cab in circuit therewith and with said block for the purpose of indicating to the engineer when the circuit is open, and means for completing' the circuit between said block and said source of electrical energy.

4. In a system ot' the class described the combination with a block comprising one insulated section ot' a conductor which is divided into a series ol'l insulated sections; an insulated section, of the iirst track-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; the second track-rail used as a common conductor for all rthe blocks; suitable wiring 'for connecting the said insulated section of the said conductor to the said insulated section of the said first track-rail; suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section ot said lirst track-rail to the said second track-rail, and a resistancecoil in the wiring vfor said block, ot' a source of electrical energy placed in the cab; electrically-operated signaling means in said cab in circuit therewith and with said block for the purpose of indicating to the engineer when the circuit is open, and means for completing the circuit between said block and said source of electrical energy.

5. In a system of the class described, the combination with a block comprising one insulatedsection or' a conductor which is divided into a series ot' insulated sections; an insulated section, of the tirst track-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; the second track-rail used asa common conductor for all the blocks; suitable wiring Vfor connecting the said insulated section of the said conductor to the said insulated section ol the said lirst track-rail, and suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of said iirst track-rail to the said second track-rail, of a source of electrical energy placed in the cab; electrically-operated means in said cab in circuit therewith and with said block operated when the circuit is open; means for completing the circuit between said block and said source ot electrical energy; electropneumatic means connected with the train-pipe for applying the ai r-brake; a source of electrical energy for same separate from blockcircuit, and means intermediate said electrically-operated means and said electropneumatic means whereby when said electricallyoperated means is operated by an open circuit, said electropneumatic means will be operated Vto apply the ai r-brake.

6. In a system ot the class described, the combination with a block comprising one insulated section of a conductor which is divided into a series o'tl insulated sections; an insulated section, of the lirst track-'rail which is divided into a series ot' insulated sections; the second track-rail used as a common conductor lor all the blocks; suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of the said conductor to the said insulated section of the said first track-rail; suitable wiring vfor connecting the said insulated section of said first track-rail to the said second track-rail, and a resistancecoil in the wiring for said block, of a source ot' electrical energy placed in the cab; electrically-operated means in said cab in circuit therewith and with said block operated when the circuit is open; means for completing the circuit between said block and said source of electrical energy; electropneumatic means connected with the trai n-pipe for applying the air-brake; a source ot' electrical energytor same separate from block-circuit, and means intermediate said electrically-operated means and said electropneumatic means whereby when said electrically-operated means is operated by an open circuit said electropneumatic means will be operated to apply the airbrake.

7. In a system of the class described the combination with a block comprising' one insulated section ot' a conductor which is divided into a series of insulated sections; an insulated ICS section, of the first track-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; the second track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks; suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of the said conductor to the said insulated section of the said first trackrail; suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of said iirst track-rail to the said second track-rail, and a resistance-coil in the wiring for said block. of a source of electrical energy placed in the cab, electricallyoperated means in said cabin circuit therewith and with said block, operated when the circuit is open; means for completing' the circuit between said block and said source of electrical energy; electropneumatic means connected with the train-pipe for the purpose of applying the air-brake; a source of electrical energy for same separate from block-circuit; means whereby the circuit is closed for said electropneumatic means after the operation of said electrically-operated means operated when the circuit is open, and means'intermediate said electrically-operate ;l means operated when the circuit is open, and said circuitcontrolling means for said electropneumatic means, whereby same is set in operation to complete the circuit for said electropneumatic means.

8. In a system of the class described, the combination with a block comprising one insulated section of a conductor which is divided into a series of insulated sections; an insulated section, of the first track-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; tliesecond track-rail used as acommon conductor for all the blocks; suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of the said conductor to the said insulated section of the said li rst trackrail; suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of said first track-rail tothe said second track-rail, and a resistance-coil in the wiring for said block, of a source of electrical energy placed in the cab, electricallyoperated means in said cab in circuit therewith and with said block, operated when the circuit is open; means for completing the circuit between said block and said source of electrical energy; electropneumatic means connected with the train-pipe for the purpose of applying the air-brake; a source of elec- 'trical energy for same separate from blockmeans, and returning said circuit-controllingmeans for said electropneumatic means back to normal so as to open the circuit for same.

9. In a system oiA the class described the combination with a block comprising `one insulated section of aconductor which is divided into a series of insulated sections; an insulated section, of the first track-rail which is divided into a series of insu-lated sections; the second track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks; suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of the said conductor to the said insulated section of the said lirst trackrail; suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of said tirst track-rail to the said second track-rail, and a resistance-coil in the wiring 'for said block, of a source oi' electrical energy placed in the cab; electricallyoperated means in said cabin circuit therewith and with said block, operated when the circuit is open; means for completing the circuit between said block and said source of electrical energy; electropneumatic means connected with the train-pipe for the purpose of applying the air-brake; a source of electrical energy -for same separate from blockcircuit; means whereby the circuit is closed for said electropneumatic means after the operation otl said electrically-operated means, operated when the circuit is open; means intermediate said electrically-operated means operated when the circuit is open, and said circuit-controlling means for said electropneumatic means, whereby same is set in operation to complete the circuit 'for said electropneumatic means, and means' for timing when said circuitcontrolling means for said electropneumatic means will close the circuit.

10. In a system of the class described, the combination with a block comprising one insulated section of a conductor which is divided into a series of insulated sections; an insulated section, of the first track-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; the second track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks; suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of the said conductor to the said insulated section of the said first trackrail; suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of said iirst track-rail to the said second track-rail, and a resistance-coil in the wiring for said block, ota source of electrical energy placed in the cab; electricallyoperated means in said cab in circuit therewith and with said block, operated when the circuit is open; means for completing the circuit between said block and said source of electrical energy; electropneumatic means connected with the train-pipe for the purpose of applying the air-brake; a source ot' electrical energy for same separate from block-circuit; means whereby the circuit is closed for said electropneumatic means after the operation of said electrically-operated means, operated when the circuit is open; means intermediate ITO said electrically operated means operated when the circuit is open, and said circuitcontrolling means f'or said electropnemnatic means, whereby same is set in operation to complete the circuit for said electrol'meumatic means; means for timing when said circuitcontrolling' means fior said electropneumatic means will close the circuit, and means for cutting ofi the supply ot' air to said electropneumatic means, and returning said circuitcontrolling' means for said electropneumatic means back to normal so as to open circuit fior same.

1l. In a system oit' the class described, the combination with a block comprising' one insulated section oi'l a conductor which is divided into aseriesof insulated sections; an insulated section, of the first track-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; the second track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks; suitable wiring' for connecting the said insulated section of the said conductor to the said insulated section of the said first trackrail; suitable wiring fior connecting' the said insulated section of said first track-rail to the said second track-rail, and a resistance-coil in the wiring' for said block, of a sourcel of? electrical energy placed in the cab; electrically-v operated means in said cab in circuit therewith and with said block, operated when the circuit is open; means for conmleting the circuit between said block and said source ot' electrical energy; electropneumatic means connected with the train-pipe for the purpose of applying' the air-brake; a source of electrical energy vfor same separate from block-circuit; means whereby the circuit is closed for said electropneumatic means after the operation of said electrically-operated means, operated when the circuit is open; means intermediate said electrically operated means operated when the circuit is open, and said circuitcontrolling' means for said electropneumatic means, whereby same is set in operation to complete the circuit Yfor said electropueumatic means; means for timing when said circuitcontrolling' means for said electroimeumatic means will close the circuit; means 'for cutting' ofi the supply ot' air to said electropneumatic means, and Fcturniug' said circuit-controlling' means Vfor said electropneumatic means back to normal so as to open circuit for same, and means connected with said timing' means 'for said circuit-controlling means vffor said electropneumatic means whereby the time o'f" operation of said circuit-controlling means for said electropneumatic means will be visually indicated.

l2. In a system ot' the class described, the combination with a block comprising one insulated section of a conductor which is divided into a series of insulated sections; an insulated section, ot' the first track-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; the second track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks; suitable wiring' for connecting said insulated section otl the said conductor to the said insulated section of the said first trackrail; suitable wiring' for connecting the said insulated section oi' said first track-rail to the said second trackrail; circuit-controlling means placed in the station and wired to said block; an annu nciator in the station in circuit with said circuit-controlling means, and a resistance-coil in the wiring' Vfor said block, of a source of: electrical energy placed in the cab; electrically-operated sig'naling' means in said cab in circuit therewith and with said block for the purpose of indicating to the engineer when the circuit is open, and means for completing the circuit between said block and said source oi electrical energy.

13. In a system oi the class described, the combination with a block comprising' one insulated section of a conductor which is divided into a series of insulated sections; au insulated section, of the first track-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; the second track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks; suitable wiring' for connecting' said insulated section of the said conductor to the said insulated section of the said first trackrail; suitable wiring' for connecting the said insulated section of said first track-rail to the said second track rail; circuit controlling` means placed in the station and wired to said block; an annunciator in the station in circuit with said circuit-controlling' means, and a resistance-coil in the wiring' for said block, of a source of electrical energ'y placed in the cab; electrically-operated means in said cab in circuit therewith and with said block operated when the circuit is open; means for completing the circuit between said block and said source of electrical energ'y; electropneumatic means connected with the train-pipe for applying' the air-ln'ake; a source of electrical energy for same separate from block-circuit, and means intermediate said electrically-operated means and said electropneumatic means whereby when said electrically operated means is operated by an open circuit, said electropneumatic means will be operated to apply the air-brake.

14:. 1n a system oi: the class described, the combination with a block comprising' one insulated section of: aconductor which is divided into aseries ot' insulated sections; an insulated section, ot' the first track-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; the second track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks; suitable wiring' for connectingsaid insulated section otl the said conductor to the said insulated section of the said first trackrail; suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of said first track-rail to the said second trackrail; circuitcontrolling' means placed in the station and wired to said IOO IIO

block; an annunciator in the station in circuit with said circuit-controlling means, and a resistance-coil in the wiring for said block, of a source of' electrical energy placed in the cab, electrically-operated means in said cab in circuit therewith and with said block, operated when lthe circuit is open; means 'for completing the circuit between said block and said source ofl electrical energy; elcctropneumatic means connected with the train-pipe f'or the purpose of' applying the air-brake; a source of electrical energy for same separate from blockcircuit; means whereby the circuit is closed for said electropneumatic ymeans after the operation of said electrically-operated means operated when the circuitis open, and means intermediate said electrically-operated means operated when the circuit is open, and said circuit-controlling means for said electropneumatic means, whereby same is set'in operation to complete the circuit `for said electropneumatic means.

15. In a system oi the class described, the combination with a block comprising one insulated section of a conductor which is divided into a series of insulated sections; an insulated section, of the [irst track-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; the second track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks; suitable wiringfor connecting said insulated section of the said conductor to the said insulated section of the said first trackrail; suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of' said irst track-rail to the said second track rail; circuitcontrolling means placed in the station and wired to said block; an annunciator in the station in circuit with said circuit-controlling means, and a resistance-coil in the wiring for said block, of' a source of electrical energy placed in the cab, electrically-operated means in said cab in circuit therewith and with said block, operated A of' electrical energy; electropneumatic means connected with the train-pipe for the purpose of applying the air-brake; a source of electrical energy 'for same separate from blockcircuit; means whereby the circuit is closed for said electropneumatic means after the operation of said electrically-operated means operated when the circuit is open; means intermediate said electrically-operated means operated when the circuit is open, and said circuit-controlling means for said electropneumatic means, whereby same is set in operation to complete the circuit for said electropneumatic means; and means for cutting off the supply ofl air to said electropneumatic means, and returning said circuit-controlling means for said electropneumatic means back to normal so as to open the circuit for same.

16. 1n a system of the class described, the combination with a block comprising one insulated section of' a conductor which is divided into a series of insulated sections; an insulated section, ofl the iirst track-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; the second track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks; suitable wiring Vfor connecting said insulated section of' the said conductor to the said insulated section of the said first track-rail, and suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of said first trackrail to the said second track-rail, of a source of electrical energy placed in the cab; electrically-operated signaling' means in said cab in circuit therewith and with said block for the purpose of indicating to the engineer when the circuit has been short-circuited, and means for completing the circuit between said block and said source of electrical energy.

17. In a system of' the class described, the combination with a block comprising one insulated section of' a conductor which is divided into a series of insulated sections; an insulated section, of' the first track-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; the second track-rail used as a common conductor f'or all the blocks; suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of' the said conductor to the said insulated section of' the said lirst track-rail; suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of' said first track-rail to the said second track-rail, and a resistancecoil in the wiring for said block, of a source of electrical energy placed in the cab; electrically-operated signaling means in said cab in circuit therewith and with said block for the purpose of' indicating to the engineer when the circuit has been short-circuited, and means for completing the circuit between said block and said source of electrical energy.

18. 1n a system of' the class described, the combination with a block comprising one insulated section of a conductor which is divided into a series of' insulated sections; an insulated section, of the first track-rail which is divided into a series of` insulated sections; the second track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks; suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of the said conductor to the said insulated section of the said first track-rail, and suitable wiring f'or connecting the said insulated section of said first trackrail to the said second track-rail, of a source of electrical energy placed in the cab; electrically-operated means in said cab in circuit therewith and with said block operated when the circuit has been short-circuited; means for completing the circuit between said block and said source of electrical energy; electropneumatic means connected with the trainpipe for applying the air-brake; a source of electrical energy for same separate from block-circuit, and means intermediate said electrically-operated means and said electropneumatic means whereby when said electrically-operated means is operated when the circuit has been short-circuited, said electro- IOO pneumatic means will be operated to apply the air-brake.

19. In a system of the class described, the combination with a blockcomprising one insulated section ot' a conductor which is divided into a series of insulated sections; an insulated section, of the iirst track-rail which is divided into a seiies of insulated sections; the second track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks; suitable wiring 'lorconnecting the said insulated section oi' the said conductor to the said insulated section of the said li rst trackrail; suitable wiring 'for connecting the said insulated section or' said first track-rail tothe said second track-rail, and aresistance-coil in the Wiring Afor said block, of a source ol electrical energy placed in the cab; electricallyoperated means in said cab in circuit therewith and with said block operated When the circuit has been short-circuited; means for completing' the circuit between said block and said source of electrical energy; electropneumatic means connected with the train-pi pe for applying the air-brake; a source of electrical energy r'or same separate from block-circuit,

' and means intermediate said electrically-operated means and said electropneumatic means whereby when said electrically operated means is operated when the circuit has been short-circuited said electropneumatic means will be operated t0 apply lthe air-brake.

20. 1n a systemof the class described, the combination with a-block comprising one insulated section of a conductor which is divided into aseries of insulated sections; an insulated section, of the first track-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; the second track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks; suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section oi' the said conductor to the said insulated section of the said lirst trackrail; suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of said ii rst track-rail to the said second track-rail, and a resistance-coil in the wiring for said block, of a source of electrical energy placed in the cab, electrically-operated means in said cab in circuit therewith and with said block, operated when the circuit has been short-circuited; means for completing the circuit between said blocli and said source ot' electrical energy; electropneumatic means connected with the train-pipe for the purpose of applying the air-brake; a source of electrical energy for same separate from block-circuit; means whereby the circuit is closed for said electropneumatic means after the operation of said electrically-operated means operated when the circuit has been short-circuited, and means intermediate said electrically-operated means operated when the circuit has been short-circuited, whereby same is set in operation to complete the circuit i'or said electropneumatic means.

21. 1n a system of the class described,` the combination with a block comprising one insulated section of a conductor which is divided into a series of insulated sections; an insulated Section, of the Iiirst track-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; the second track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks; suitable wiring lor connecting the said insulated section ofthe said conductor to the said insulated section of the said lirst track-rail; suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of said lirst track-rail to thc said second track-rail, and a resistance-coil in the wi ring lor said block, ol a source of electrieal energy placed in the cab, electricallyoperated means in said cab in circuit therewith and with said block, operated when the circuit has been short-circuited; means for completing the circuit between said block and s'aid source or' electrical energy; electropneumatic means connected with the train-pipe for the purpose of applying the air-brake; asource of electrical energy for same separate from block-circuit; means whereby the circuit is closed for said electropneumatic means after the operation of said electrically-operated means operated when the circuit has been short-ci rcuited; means intermediate said electrically-operated means operated when the circuit has been short-circuited` and said circuit-controlling means for said electropneumatic means, whereby same is set in operation to complete the circuit ior said electropneumatic means; and means vfor cutting oli' the supply of air to said electropneumatic means, and returning said circuit-controlling means For said electropneumatic means back to normal so as to open the circuit for same.

22. In a system of the class described, the combination with a block comprising one insulated section of' a conductor which is divided into a series of insulated sections; aninsulated section, ol the lirst track-rail which is divided into a series oi insulated sections; the second track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks; suitable wiring Vfor connectingthe said insulated section of the said conductor to the said insulated section of the said lirst track-rail; suitable wiring for connecting the said insulatedfsection of said first track-rail to the said second track-rail, and aresistancecoil in the wiring for said block, of a source of electrical energy placed in the cab; electrically-operatcd means in said cab in circuit therewith and with said block, operated when the circuit has been short-circuited; means for completing the circuit between said blocli and said source of electrical mergelectropneumatic means connected with the train-pipe for the purpose of applying' the ai r-brake; a source of electrical energy for same separate from block-circuit; means whereby the circuit is closed for said electropneumatic means after the operation of said electrically-operated means, operated when the circuit has been short-circuited; means intermediate said electrically-operated means operated when the cir- TOO cuit has been short-circuited, and said circuitcontrolling means `for said electropneumatic means, whereby same is set in operation to complete the circuit for said electroijmeumatic means, and means for timing when said circuit-controlling means for said electropneumatic means will close the circuit.

23. In a system of the class described, the combination with a block comprising one insulated section ot' a conductor which is divided into a series of insulated sections; an insulated section, of the irsttrack-rail which is divided into a series ot' insulated sections; the.

second track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks; suitable wiring t'or connecting the said insulated section of the said conductor to the said insulated section ot' the said {irst track-rail; suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section ol said first track-rail to the said second track-rail, and a resistance-coil in the wiring For said block, oli a source of electrical energy placed in the cab; electrically-operated means in said cab in circuit therewith and with said block, operated when the circuit has been short-circuited; means for completing the circuit between said block and said source of electrical energy; electropneumatie means connected with the train-pipe for the purpose of applying the air-brake; a source oill electrical energy for same separate from block circuit; means whereby the circuit is closedilior said electropneumatic means after the operation of said electrically-operated means, operated when the circuit has been short-circuite .l; means intermediate said electrically-operated means operated when the circuit has been short-circuited and said circuit-controlling means for vsaid electropneumatic means, whereby same is set in operation to complete the circuit for said electropneumatic means; means lor timingI when said circuit-controlling means for said electropneumatic means will close the circuit, and means for cutting oii the supply ot' air to said electropneumatic means, and rcturningsaid circuit-controllin g means for said electropneumatic means back to normal so as to open circuit Vfor same.

24;. In a system of the class described, the

combination with a block comprising one insulated section,of a conductorwhich is divided into a series of insulated sections; an insulated section, of the lirst track-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; the second track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks; suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of the said conductor to the said insulated section of the said first track-rail; suitable wiring 'for connecting the said insulated section ot' said iirst track-rail to the said second track-rail, and a resistance-coil in the wiring for said block, of a source of electrical energ.Y placed in the cab; electrically-operatcd means in said eab in circuit therewith and with said block,

operated when the circuit has been short-circuited; means for completing the circuit between said block and said source of electrical energy; electropn'eunmtic means connected with the train-pipe for the purpose of applying the air-brake; a source of electrical energy for same separate from block-circuit; means whereby the circuit is closed for said electro.-

pneumatic means after the operation of said electrically-operated means, operated when the circuit has beenshort-circuited; means intermediate said electrically-operated means operated when the circuit has been short-circuited, and said circuit-controllingmean-s for said electropneumatic means, whereby same is set in operation to complete the circuit for said electroimeumatic means; means for timing when said circuit-controlling means for said electropneumatic means will close the circuit; means t'or cutting olil the supply ot' air to said electropneumatic means, and returning said circuit-controlling means lor said clectropneumatic means back to normal so as to open circuit for same, andmeans connected with said timing means for said circuitcontrolling means Ator said eleetropneumatic means whereby the time of operation of said circuit-controlling means for said electropneumatic means will be visually indicated.

25. ln a system of the class described, the combination with a block comprising one insulated section ot' a conductor which is divided into a series of insulated sections; an insulated section, of the irst track-rail which is divided .into a series of insulated sections; the second track-rail used as a common conductor lor all the blocks; suitable wiring for connecting said insulated section of the said conductor to the said insulated section of the said lirst track-rail; suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section ot' said irst track-rail tothe said second track-rail; circuitcontrolling means placed in the station and wired to said block; an annunciator in the station in circuit with said circuit-controlling means, and a resistance-coil in the wiring for said block, of a source et' electrical energy placed in the cab; electrically-operated signaling means in said cab in circuit therewith and with said bloclclor the purpose of indicating to the engineer when the circuit has been short-circuited, and means t'or completing the circuit between said block and said source of electrical energy.

26. in a system of the class described, the combination with a block comprising one insulated section of a conductor which is divided into a series of insulated sections; an insulated section, of the first track-rail which is divided into a series ol insulated sections; the second track-rail used as a common conductor Jfor all the blocks; suitable wiring for connecting said insulated section of the said conductor te the said insulated section of the said iirst trachrail; suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of said lirst track-rail to the said second track rail; circuitcontrolling means placed in the station and wired to said block; an annunciator in the station in circuit with said circuit-controlling means, and a resistance-coil in the wiring for said block, of

i a source ot electrical energy placed in the cab.; electrically-operated means in said cab in circuit therewith and with said block operated when the circuit has been short-circuited; means vt'or completing the circuit between said block and said source ot electrical energy; electropneumatic means connected with the train-pipe for applying the air-brake; a source oi electrical energy tor same separate trom block-circuit, and means intermediate said electrically-operated means and said electropneumatic means whereby when said electrically-olerated means is operated when the circuit has been short-circuitcd, said electropneumatic means will be operated to apply the air-brake.

27. ln a system otl the class described, the combination with a block comprising one insulated section oll a cond uetor which is divided into a series ot insulated sections; an insulated section, of the lirst track-rail which is divided into a series oll insulated sections; the second track-rail used as a common conductor lor all the blocks; suitable wiringl lor connectingl said insulated section et the said conductor to the said insulated section ot' the said first track-rail; suitable wiring for connecting theI said insulated section otl said {irst trackrail to the said second track-rail; circuit-controlling means placed in the station and wired to said block; an annunciator in the station in circuit with said circuit-controlling means, and a resistance-coil in the wiring 'for' said block, of a source o't' electrical energy placed in the cab, electrically-operated means in said cab in circuit therewith and with said block, operated when the circuit has been short-circuited; means lor completing the circuit between said block and said source ol electrical energy; electropneumatic means connected with the train-pipe tor the purpose ol applying the ai r-brake; a source ot electrical energy lor same separate Yfrom block-circuit; means whereby the current is closed lior said electropneu matie means a'lter the operation ot' said electrically-eoperatcd means operated when the circuithas been short-circuited, and means intermediate said electrically-operated means operated when the circuit has been short-circuited, wherebv same is set in operation to complete the circuit for said electropneumatic means.

28. ,ln a system ot the class described, tbe combination with a block comprising one insulated section ol a conductor which is divided into a series ol insulated sections; an insulated section, of the lirst track-rail which is divided into a series ol insulated sections; the second track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks; suitable wiring for connecting said insulate d section ot the said conductor to the said insulated section ot' the said lirst trackrail; suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of said li rst track-rail to the said second track-rail; circuit-controlling means placed in the station and wired to said block; .an annunciator in the station in circuit with said circuit-controlling means, and a resistance-coil in the wiring for said block, of a source ot' electrical energy placed in the cab; electrically-operated means in said cab in circuit therewith and with said block, operated when the circuit has been short-circuited; means vfor completing the circuit between said block and said source ot' electrical energy; electropneumatie means connected with the train-pipe for the purpose ot applying the airbralce; a source ot' electrical energy tor same separate from block-circuit; means whereby the current is closed ior said electroi'ineumatic means after the operation ot' said electrically-operated means operated when the circuit has been short-circuited; means intermediate said electrically-operated means operated when the circuit has been short-circuited, and said circuit-controlling' ineans for said eleetropneumatic means, whereby same is set in operation to complete the circuit for said electropneunmtic means, and means for cutting otl: the supply ot' air to said electropneumatic means, and returning said circuit-controlling means for said electrolimeumatic means back to normal so as to open the circuit lor same.

29. In a system of the class described, the combination with a block comprising one insulated section of a conductor which is divided into a series of insulated sections; an insulated section, ot' the iirst track-rail which is divided into a series ot' insulated sections; the second track-rail used as a common conductor Vfor all the blocks; suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section ot' the said conductor to the said insulated section of the said irsttrack-rail; suitable wiring for connecting' the said insulated section ot' saidrst track-rail to the said second track-rail, and a resistance-coil in the wiring for said block, ot' a source ol electrical energy placed in the cab; electrically-operated signaling means operated when the circuit is open.l and electrically-operated signaling means operated when the circuit has been shortcircuited, both placed in the cab and on same circuit with said source ol electrical enerl)7 and with said block, and means Yt'or completing the circuit between said block and said source ol electrical energy.

30. ln a system ot' the class described, the combination with a block comprising one insulated section ot' a conductor which is divided into a series ot' insulated sections; an insulated section, of the first track-rail which is divided into a series ot' insulated sections;

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the second track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks; suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of the said conductor to the said insulated section of the said first track-rail; suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of said first track-rail to the said second track-rail and a resistance-coil in the wiring for said block, of a source of electrical energy placed in the cab; electrically-operated signaling means operated when the circuit is open, and electrically-operated signaling means operated when the circuit has been short-circuited, both placed in the cab and on same circuit with said source et' electrical energy and with said block; means for completing the circuit between said block and said source of electrical energy; electropneumatic means connected with the train-pipe for applying the air-brake; a source of electrical energy Vfor same separate from block-circuit, and means intermediate said electrically-operated means operated when the circuit is open or when the circuit has been short-eircuited, and said electropneumatic means, whereby when said electrically-operated means operated when the circuit is open or has been short-circuited, operates, said clectropneumatic means will be operated to apply the air-brake.

31. In a system of' the class described, the combination with a block comprising one insulated section of a conductor which is divided into a series of insulated sections; an insulated section, of the first track-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; the second track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks; suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of the said conductor to the said insulated section of the said first track-rail; suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of said first track-rail to the said second track-rail, and a resistance-coil in the wiring for said block, of a source of electrical energy placed in the cab; electrically operated signaling means operated when the circuit is open, and electrically-operated signaling means operated when thecircuithas been short-circuited, both placed in the cab and on same circuit with said source of electrical energy and with said block; means for completing the circuit between said block and said source of electrical energy; electropneumatic means connected with the train-pipe for applying the air-brake; a source of electrical energy foi-same separate vfrom block-circuit; means intermediate said electricallyoperated means operated when the circuit is open or when the circuit has been short-circuited, and said electropneumatic means, whereby when said electricallyoperated means operated when the circuit is open or has been short-circuited, operates, said electropneumatic means will be operated to apply the air-brake.

32. In a system oit' the class described, the

second track-rail used as a common conductor A for allthe blocks; suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of the said conductor to the said insulated section of the said first track-rail; suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of' said first trackrail to the said second track-rail, and a resistance-coil in the wiring vfor said block, of a source of electrical energy placed in the eab; electrically-operated signaling means operated when the circuit is open, and electrically-operated signaling means operated when the circuit has been short-circuited, both placed in the cab and on same circuit with said source of electrical energy and with said block; means for completing the circuit between said block and said source of electrical energy; electropneumatic 'means connected with the train-pipe for applying the ai r-brahe; a source of electrical energy for same separate from block-circuit; circuit-controlling means Vfor said electropneumatic means, means intermediate said electrically-operated means Operated when the circuit is open or when the circuit has been short-circuited, and said circuitcontrolling means for said electropneu matic means whereby when the said electrically-operated means operated when the circuit is open or has been short-circuited, operates said circuit-controlling means for said electropneumatic means will complete the circuit so that said electropneumatic means will be operated to apply the air-brake, and means for cutting off the supply ot' air to said electropneumatic means, and returning said circuit-controlling means for said electropneumatic means back to normal so as to open the circuit for same.

33. In a system of the class described, the combination with a block comprising one insulated section of aconductor which is divided into a series of insulated sections; an insulated section, of the first track-rail which is divided into aseries ot' insulated sections; the second track-rail used as a common conductor 'for all the blocks; suitable wiring for connecting said insulated section of' the said conductor to the said insulated section of the said first track-rail; suitable wiring fior connecting [he said insulated section of said first track-rail to the said second track-rail; circuit-controlling means placed in the station and wired to said block; an annunciator in the station in cir- .cuit with said circuit-controlling means, and

a resistance-coil in the wiring for said block, of asource of electrical energy placed in the cab; electrically-operated signaling' means operated when the circuit is open, and electrically-operated signaling means operated when the circuit has been short-circuited,

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both'placed in the cab and on same circuit with said source of electrical energy and with said block, and means for completing the circuit between said block and said source of electrical energy.

34. In a system of the class described, the combination with a block comprising one insulated section oi' a conductor which is divided into a series of insulated sections; an insulated section, ot' the iirst track-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; the second traclcrail used as a common conductor for all the blocks; suitable wiring for connecting said insulated section of the said conductor to the said insulated section of the said lirst track-rail; suitable wiring for connecting' the said insulated section of said [irst track-rail to the said second track-rail; circuit-controlling means placed in the station and wired to said block; an annunciator in the station in circuit with said circuit-controlling means, and a l'esistance-coil in the wiring for said block, el a source oli electrical energy placed in the cab; electrically-operated signaling means operated when the circuit is open, and electrically-operated signaling' means operated when the circuit has been short-circuited, both placed in the cab and on same circuit with said source of electrical energy and wilh said block; means `for completing the circuit between said block and said source of electrical energy; electropneumatic means connected with the train-pipe for applying the vair-brake; a source of electrical energy for same separate from block-circuit, and means intermediate said electrically-operated means operated when the circuit is open or when the circuit has been short-circuited, and said electropneumatic means whereby when said elec trically-operated means operated when the circuit is open or has been short-circuited, operates, said eleetropneumatic means will be operated to apply the air-brake.

35. In a system of the class described, the combination with a block comprising one insulated section of a conductor which is divided into a series of insulated sections; an insulated section, of the first track-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; the second track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks; suitable wiring for connecting said insulated section of the said conductor to the said insulated section of the said [irst traclerail; suitable wiringfor connecting the said insulated section of said first track-rail tothe said second track-rail; circuit-controlling means placed in the station and wired to said block; an annunciator in the station in circuit with said circuit-controlling means, and a resistance-coil in the wiring for said block, of a source of electrical energy placed in the cab; electrically operated signaling means operated when the circuit is open, and electrically-operated signaling means operated when the circuit has been short-circuited,

both placed in the cab and on same circuit with said source of electrical energy and with said block; means for completing the circuit between said block and said source ol' electrical energy; electropneumatic means connected with the train-pipe for applying the air-brake; a source of electrical energy for same separate from block-circuit; means intermediate said electricallyoperated means operated when the circuit is open or when the circuit has been short-circuited, and said electropneumatic means, whereby when said electrically-operated means operated when the circuit is open or has been short-circuited, operates, said electropneumatic means will be operated to apply the air-brake.

36. In a system of the class described, the combination with a block comprising one insulated section of a conductor which is divided into a series of insulated sections; an insulated section, of the [irst track-rail which is divided into a series ot' insulated sections; the second track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks; suitable wiring 'for connecting said insulated section ol the said conductor to the said insulated section ol the said lirst track-rail; suitable wiring for connecting' the said insulated section ol said [irst track-rail to the said second track-rail; circuit-controlling means placed in the station and wired to said block; an annunciator in the station in circuit with said circuit-controlling means, and a resistance-coil in the wiring lor said block, of a source ol' electrical energy placed in the cab; electrically-operated signaling means operated when the circuit is open, and electrically-operatcd signaling means operated when the circuit has been short-circuited, both placed in the cab and on same circuit with said source of electrical energy and with said block; means for completing the circuit between said block and said source of electrical energy; electropneumatic means connected with the train-pipe 'for applying' the air-brake; a source of electrical energy for same separate from block-circuit; circuit-controlling means for said electropneumatic means; means intermediate said electrically-operated means operated when the circuit is open or when the eircuit has been short-circuited, and said circuitcontrolling means for said electropneumatie means whereby when the said electrically-01')- erated means operated when the circuit is open or has been short-eircuited, operates, said circuit-controlling means For said electropneumatie means will complete the circuit so that said electropneumatic means will be operated to apply th i airbral e, and means Vfor cutting oil' the supply ot' air to said electropueumatic means, and returning said circuitcontrolling means for said electropneumatic means back to normal so as to open the circuit t'or same.

37. ln a system of the class described, the combination with a block comprising one in- IIO IZO

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f sulat-ed section of a conductor which is divided into a series of insulated sections; an insulated section, of the i'irst track-rail whichis divided into a series ofinsulated sections; the second track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks; suitable Wiring for connecting said insulated section ot' the said conductor to the said insulated section of the said iirst trackrail, and suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of said lirst track-rail to the said second track-rail, of circuit-controlling means placed in the station and wired to said block.

38. In a system ot' the class described, the combination with a block comprising' one insulated section ot' a conductor which is divided into a series of insulated sections; an insulated section, ot' the irst track-rail which is dividedl into a series o't' insulated sections; the second track-rail used as a common conductor :for all the blocks; suitable wiring `tor eonnectingsaid insulated section of the said conductor to the said insulated section of the said lirst trackrail, and suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of said first track-rail to the said second track-rail, ot' circuit-controlling means placed in the station and wired to said block, and an annunciator in the station in circuit with said circuit-controlling means.

39. ln a system o'l'l the class described, the combination with a block comprising one insu lated section ot' a conductor which is divided into a series of insulated sections; an insulated section, ot' the iirst track-rail which is divided into a series ot' insulated sections;` the second track-rail used as a common conductor Jfor all the blocks; suitable wiring lor connecting' the said insulated section o'tl the said conductor to the said insulated section ot' the said lirsttrackrail; suitable wiring 'for connecting the said insulated section of said lirst track-rail to the said second track-rail, and a resistance-coil in the wiring tor said block, otl circuit-controlling means placed in the station and wired to said block, and an annunciator in the station in circuit with said circuit-controlling means.

40. ln a system ol: the class described, the combination with a block, of a source of electrical energy placed in the cab, electropncumatic means in circuit therewith and connected with said train-pipe, and means in circuit with said block operated when the circuit has been opened or short-cireuited for the purpose of operating' said electropneumatic means so as to apply the air-brake.

4l. ln a system of the class described; the combination with the train-pipe, and a. valve controlling air-pressure in same, ot a normall y deenergized magnet connected to said valve; means for energizing' said normally deenergized magnet so that it will operate said valve to control air-1n'essure within said trainpipe, and means l'or timing the operation ol said normally deenergized magnet.

42. In a system ot the class described, the

combination with the train-pipe, and a 'valve controlling air-pressure in same,ofanormally deenergized magnet connected to said valve; means for energizing said normally denergized magnet so that it will operate said valve to control ai r-pressure within said train-pipe; means for timing the operation of said normally deenergized magnet,and means for visually indicating when said normally deenergized magnet will operate.

43. In a system of the class described, the combination with normally energized electrically-operated means operated whenlhe circuit for same is open, ot' normally deenergized electropneumatic means; a train-pipe with which said normally deenergized electropneumatic means is connected; means intermediate said normally energized electrically operated means and said normally deenergized electropneumatic means whereby when said normally energized electricall-y-operated means is operated by an open circuit, said normally deenergized electropneumatic means will be operated to apply the air-brake, and means for timing the operation o't said normally dei-'inergized electropneumatic means.

44C. ln a system ot' the class described, the combination with normally energized electrically-operated means operated when theeircnit for same is shert-cireuited, et' normally deenergized electropneumatic means; a train-pipe with which said normally dei-'nel'gized electropneumatic means .is connected; means intermediate said normally energized electricallyoperated means and said normally deenergized clectropneumatic means whereby when said normally energized electrically operated means is operated when the circuit has been short-circuited, said normally deenergized elcctropneumatic means will be operated to apply the air-brake, and means for timing the operation ot' said normally deenergized electropneumatic means.

45. ln a system ot' the class described, the combination with normally energized electricall y-operated means operated when the circuit vfor same is open; normally energized electrically-operated means operated when the circuit tor same has been short-circuited, both ot' said means being on the same circuit, of normally deenergized electropneumatie means; the train-pipe with which said normally deenef'- gized clectropneumatic means is connected; means intermediate said normally energized electrically-olierated means operated when the circuit is open or when the circuit has been short-circuited, and said normally denergized clectropneumatic means, whereby, when said normally energized electrically operated means operated when the circuit is open or has been short-circuited operates, said normally denergized electrol'meumatic means will be operated to apply the air-brake, and means for timing the operation of said normall y deenergized electropne'umatic means.

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46. In a system of the class described, the combination with normally energized electrically-operated means operated when the circuit for same is open; normally energized electrically-operated means operated when the circuit for same has been short-circuited, both of said means being on the same circuit, of normally denergized electropneumatic means; the train-pipe with which said normally denergized electropneumatic means is connected; means intermediate said normally energized electrically-operated means operated when the circuit is open or when the circuit has been short-circuited, and said normally denergized electropneumatic means, whereby, when said normally energized electrically operated means operated when the circuit is open or has been short-circuited operates, said normally denergized electropneumatic means will be operated to apply the air-brake; means Jfor timing the operation of said normally deenergized electropneumatic means, and means for visually indicating when said normally deenergized electropneumatic means will operate.

47. In a system of the class described, the combination with normally energized electrically-operated means operated when the circuit for same is open; normally energized electrically-operatedmeans operated when the circuit for same has been short-circuited, and a source of electrical energy for same, both of said means being on the same circuit, of normally deenergized electropneumatic means; the

train-pipe with which said normally dener` gized electropneumatic means is connected; a separate source of electrical energy for said normally denergized electropneumatic means,means intermediate said normally energized electrically-operated means operated when the circuit is open or when the circuit has been short-circuited,and said normally denergized electropneumatic means whereby, when said normally energized electrically-operated means operated when the circuit is open or has been short-circuited operates, said normally denergized electropneumatic means will be operated to apply the air-brake; and means for timing the operation of said normally deenergized electropneumatic means.

48. In a system of the class described, the combination with normally energized electrically-operated means operated when the circuit for same is open; normally energized electrically-operated means operated when the circuit for same has been short-circuited, and a source of electrical energy for same, both of said means being on the same circuit, of normally deenergized electropneumatic means; the train-pipe with which said normally denergized electropneumatic is connected; a separate source of' electrical energy for said normally deenergized electropneumatic means; means intermediate said normally energized electrically-operated means operated when the circuit is open or when the circuit has been short-circuited,and said normally denergized electropneumatic means whereby, when said normally energized electrically operated means operated when the circuit is open or has been short-circuited, operates, said normally denergized electropneumatic means will be operated to apply the air-brake; means for timing the operation of said normally denergized electropneumatic means, and means for visually indicating when the said normally denergized electrol'ineumatic means will operate.

49. In a system of the class described, the combination with a block comprising one insulated section cfa conductor which is divided into a series of insulated sections; an insulated section, of the first track-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; the second track-rail used as a common conductor for all the blocks; suitable wiring for connecting said insulated section off the said conductor to the said insulated section ofthe said first trackrail, and suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of said first track-rail to the said second track-rail, of a source o electrical energy placed in the cab, electricallyoperated signaling means in said cab in circuit therewith and with said block for the purpose of indicating to the engineer when the circuit is open or when the circuit has been shortcircuited; electropneumatic means for applying the air-brake operated when said electrically-operated means operated when the circuit is open or has been short-circuited, operates, and means for completing the circuit between said block and said source of electrical energy.

50. In a system of' the class described, the combination with a block comprising one insulated section of' a conductor which is divided into a series of insulated sections; an insulated section, of the first track-rail which is divided into a series of insulated sections; the second track-rail used as a common conductor Jfor all the blocks; suitable wiring for connecting said insulated section of' the said conductor to the said insulated section of the said first trackrail, and suitable wiring for connecting the said insulated section of said first track-rail to the said second track-rail, of' a source ofl electrical energy placed in the cab; electricallyoperated signaling means in said cabin circuit therewith and with said block for the purpose of indicating to the engineer when the circuit is open or when the circuit has been short-circuited; electropneumatic means for applying the air-brake when said electricallyoperated means operated when the circuit is open or has been short-circuited, operates; means for completing the circuit between said block and said source of electrical energy, and means f'or timing the operation of said electropneumatic means.

51. In a system of the class described, the combination with a block comprising one in- IOO IOS