US793771A - Artificial fuel and process of making same. - Google Patents

Description

No. 798,771. PATEN'TED JULY 4-, 1.905. G. M. DALLAS ARTIFICIAL FUEL AND PROUEES OF MAKING SAME.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 2a, 190av lltl'o. "$93,771.

siren S'rairns tl-EUl- HE M. DALLAS, O l? CHlCAGO,

'llltllVlAS, OF UH Patented July 4;, 1905.

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 793,71? 1, dated July 4t, 1905.

Application filed March 28, 1903. Serial No. 149,916.

To a whom, [it may concern.-

lie it known that l, HEM-{GM M. Dawns, a citizen of the United States, residing at tlhicago, in the county of Cook and citate ol .lllinois, have invented certain new and useful 1mproven'lents in Artificial Fuel and in the Process of l daking the Same, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in a composition of matter to be used as fuel and in the process of making the same; and it consists in comlnning or incorporating together certain ingredients and in the novel treatment thereof, as will be hereinafter more fully set forth and specifically claimed.

The objects of the invention are to produce fuel by means of a simple process which shall he inexpensive, perfect in combustion, substantially smokeless, non-clinkering, lasting or durable, and of great heat-prod ucing power; to utilize a cheap grade of coal or slack, culm, or the pulverized portion or dust from hard coal or lump soft coal, which has heretofore been wasted or un utilized, by combining it with other ingredients and by novel steps or process of treatment so as to make therefrom fuel of the above-named character which can be formed into compact cakes, bri uets, or pieces convenient for handling and 3 using and which will not disintegrate to any material extent by reason of the action of the elements thereon or in trans 'iortation.

A further object of the invention is to so prepare and treat the composition that it may be formed into hard cakes or pieces without the use of great pressure and will free itself from or will not adhere to the molds when being thus formed.

in order to enable others skilled in the art to'which the invention pertains to make and use the same, .l will now proceed to describe it, referring to the accom 'ianying drawing, in which the ligure represents, partly in section and partly in elevation, a convenient form of an apparatus which may be used for car rying out my process and making the fuel.

ll, will be understood that any suitable apparatus may be employed; but to facilitate the explanation of the process so that it may be more easily and thoroughly umlerstood it is deemed necessary to illustrate one form of such an apparatus.

in the drawing the relerence-numeral .1 represents a furnacecasing of any suitable size, form, and material in which is located, 5 usually in a horizontal position, a cylinder 2 to receive heat from the furnace or lire-hox 3, which heat and the smoke are carried oil. through a llue or smoke-stack 4, located at the opposite end of the casing. Located in the cylinder 2 is a shaft 5, which is suitably iournaled at each of its ends and carries a pulley 6, to which power may be applied to rotate the same. ivlounted on the shaft 5 within the cylinder is a screw conveyor 7, used to con- 6 5 vey the material from the receiving end of the cylinder to the discharging end thereof. The receiving end of the cylinder conn'minicates with a hopper 8, which is tightly closed, and usually by means of a door 9, hinged to its upper portion. The discharging end of the cylinder communicates with a chute 10 or receptacle to receive the material after it has passed through the cylinder, and said end closed by means of an air-tight door 11 or otherwise. thiitably mounted near the furnace-casing and above the cylinder and. hopper 8, so as to feed therein by gravity, are two tanks 12 and 13, each of which is preferablyprovided with a steam-jacket 11.4; and steam-pipes l5 and 16 to be used for heating the contei'its of said tanks. Leading from the tank i2 is a pipe 17, which is provided with branches 18 and it), the former comnn1nicating with the hopper 8 and the latter with the cylinder 2 near its receiving end. These branch pipes are provided at their juncture with a valve 20, used to control theflow therethrough. Leading from the tank 13 is a pipe 21, which is provided with branches 9.52 and 23, the former of which communicates with the hopper 8 and the latter with the cylinder 52 near its receiving end. The said branch pipes are provided at their juncture with a valve 24: to be used for the same purpose as the valve 20 and above set forth. The tank 13 also provided with a pipe 25, which communicates with the chute or receptacle ll) at the discharging end of the cylinder and is provided with a valve 26 to shut off or regulate the flow theretln'ough.

The composition consists of the following ingredients combined in about the proportions stated, viz: pulverized coal--as slack, eulm, or the like twenty-five (25) tons, to which is added two hundred (200) pounds of clay; twenty-five pounds of charcoal, fifty (50) pounds of lime, twenty-live (25) pounds of sulfate of zinc, twenty-live pounds of salt, ten (10) pounds of borax, live (5) pounds of potash, three (3) pounds of acetic acid, one (1) peek of oil-cake meal, thirty (30) gallons of water, and enough, usually lifty to one hundred (100) gallons, of para'llin residuum to make the mixture plastic. Instead of using clay I may employ gypsum or kaolin, and while I prefer to use parallin residuum I may employ sludge acid or soap-water or any other suitable oleo-hydric compound, by which is meant a composition containing oily or fatty substances pre ared with sodaash or other flux, which will cause the same to mix perfectly.

In carrying out my process I usually mix with the pulverized coal as slack, cuhn, or the like-while all in a dry state, the clay, charcoal, lime, (airslaked,) and salt in about the proportions specified and place the said mixture in a closed receptacle-for instance, the hopper 8 of the apparatus illustratedin the d rawingwhere it should be tightly inclosed. The borax, potash, sulfate of zinc, acetic acid, and oil-cake meal in about the proportions specified are placed in a vessel--for instance, the tank 12 containing about thirty (30) gallons of water, which is brought to a boilingpoint and boiled, and while at about said temperature this mixture is added to and theroughly mixed with the first-named mixture, and preferably at the same time enough paraflin residuum, which is held in a tank--for instance, as in l3and boiled for about five minutes and while at about said temperature is added to make the mixtures plastic, as above stated. I Vhen thus treated, the mixture is placed in an air-tight vessel, such as the cylinder 2, and subjected to a temperature which will raise it to the point of ignition. After having heated the mixture to the point of ignition it is discharged from the cylinder or closed vessel, and while being discharged therefrom or soon after it is again subjected to a small quantity of heated paralfin residuum or the like, after which the material may be formed into suitable cakes, briquets, or pieces by means of any suitable machine, from the molds of which it will freely pass without adhering and be in condition for handling or use. The mixture of coal, clay, lime, charcoal, and salt may have the mixture of borax, potash, sulfate of zinc, acetic acid, oil-cake meal, and water and the parallin residuum or analogous substance added thereto before or at the time it is being placed into the closed cylinder or vessel, and for this reason I have shown in the drawing the pipes 17 and 21, leading from the tanks 12 and 13, respectively, as each being provided with branch pipes leading to the hopper or vessel outside of the cylinder and also to the receiving end of the cylinder.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The herein-described composition of matter, consisting of pulverized coal, clay, charcoal, lime, borax, sulfate of zinc, acetic acid, salt, potash, oil-cake meal, water, and an elechydric compound, substantially as described.

2. The herein-described composition of matter, consisting of pulverized coal, clay, charcoal, lime, borax, sulfate of zinc, acetic acid, salt, potash, oil-cake meal, water, and paraffin residuum, substantially as described.

3. The herein-described composition of matter, consisting of pulverized coal, twenty-live tons, clay two hundred pounds, charcoal twenty five pounds, airslaked lime fifty pounds, borax ten pounds, sulfate of zinc twenty-five pounds, acetic acid three pounds, salt twenty-live pounds, potash live pounds, oil-cake meal one peck, water thirty gallons, and an oleo-hydric compound fifty to one hund red gallons, substantially as described.

4. The herein-described process of making artificial fuel, consisting in incorporating with pulverized coal, lime, clay, charcoal, borax, sulfate of zinc, acetic acid, salt, pot-ash, oilcake meal, water and an oleo-hydric compound, in about the quantities specified, and subject ing the mixture to a temperature which will raise it to the point of ignition, substantially as described.

5. The herein-described process of making artificial fuel, consisting in incorporating with pulverized coal air-slaked lime, clay, charcoal, borax, sulfate of zinc, acetic acid, salt, potash, oil-cake meal, water, and an oleo-hydric compound, in about the quantities specified, and subjecting the mixture in an air-tight receptacle to a temperature which will raise it to the point of ignition, substantially as described.

6. The herein-described process of making artificial fuel, consistingin incorporating with pulverized coal while all are in a dry state, lime, clay, charcoal and salt; then incorporating said mixture with a mixture of borax, potash, sulfate of zinc, oil'cake meal, acetic acid, and water, while at abouta boiling temperature, and also with an oleo-hydric compound while at about a boiling temperature, and subjecting the mass in an air-tight receptacle to a temperature which will raise it to the point of ignition, substantially as described.

7. The herein-described process. of making artificial fuel, consisting in incorporating with pulverized coal while all are in a dry state, lime, clay, charcoal and salt; then incorporat- ITO resmi m ignition, and then treating the mass with an oleo-hytlreacetatc 01' Saturated hydrocarbon, substantially as (lescriheil.

GEORGE M. IllMXLD kfi.

Witnesses:

Sims. 0. 'liLL'MAN, A. Gns'micseu.

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