US7918794B2 - Method and system for determining total body fat, and method and system for determining body composition - Google Patents

Method and system for determining total body fat, and method and system for determining body composition Download PDF

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US7918794B2
US7918794B2 US11/379,493 US37949306A US7918794B2 US 7918794 B2 US7918794 B2 US 7918794B2 US 37949306 A US37949306 A US 37949306A US 7918794 B2 US7918794 B2 US 7918794B2
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thigh
person
fat
nav
estimate
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US20070038092A1 (en
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Jean-Claude Pineau
Michel Bocquet
Eric Crescenzo
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/48—Other medical applications
    • A61B5/4869—Determining body composition
    • A61B5/4872—Body fat
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A61B8/08—Clinical applications
    • A61B8/0858—Clinical applications involving measuring tissue layers, e.g. skin, interfaces

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  • the present invention relates to the field of techniques for determining a human's total body fat.
  • a person's total mass is split between, on the one hand, the lean body mass, made up of muscles, mineral content and total water, and, on the other hand, the fat.
  • a person's body composition is defined by the values of the body fat, the lean body mass and the total (intracellular and extracellular) body water present in his body. Under certain conditions, composition may be determined from the body fat.
  • body fat or composition may also be used within the context of establishing or monitoring specific diets, or body remodeling, for the general public (services available over the Internet or in beauty parlors) or for paramedical or medical personnel. Teams of practitioners are in particular specializing in the monitoring of high-level sportsmen.
  • medical resonance imaging or MRI allows the body fat to be determined in as many of the person's sections as planes of sections made during the examination. It is then possible from these measurements in the planes of section to estimate the total body fat.
  • This technique is described for example in the document by T. S. Han, I. E. Kelly, K. Walsh, R. M. E. Greene and M. E. J. Lean, “Relationship between volumes and areas from single transverse scans of intra abdominal fat measured by magnetic resonance imaging” (Int. J. Obes. 1997, 21, 1161-1166).
  • the procedure is lengthy and the equipment required is expensive.
  • This technique which can only be carried out in a hospital, is not suitable for routine examinations owing to the extent of the means employed.
  • the skinfold caliper method which consists in firmly taking hold of a fold of skin and in determining, from the thickness of the fold and from mathematical equations, the body fat.
  • this determination technique is subject to errors during measurement by the operators. Furthermore, in particular it is not valid for the obese.
  • the local subcutaneous fat thickness is measured using an ultrasound device at 11 points. These points correspond to the following respective regions: medial calf; lateral calf; anterior thigh; posterior thigh; triceps; biceps; chest; abdomen; axilla; subscapular region; and suprailiac region.
  • a fat volume is then deduced on the basis of these eleven local fat thickness values using a formula, and this estimated volume is multiplied by a fat density in order to determine the total body fat.
  • This technique has the advantage of being able to be carried out in nonmedical establishments. However, it does require a relatively lengthy measurement step, since it involves eleven points. Moreover, a comparative study of the results provided by this method and those provided by the DEXA reference technique highlights appreciable differences.
  • the first subject of the present invention is a method of determining the total body fat of a person, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
  • the method according to the invention thus makes it possible to estimate the total body fat from the subcutaneous fat thickness measurements taken at a fewer number of points—the determination can therefore be implemented rapidly.
  • the local subcutaneous fat thickness measurements may be carried out using an ultrasound device.
  • the method may be carried out in any building and does not require a medical environment.
  • it prevents the traumatism generated by any exposure to X-rays, even of very short duration.
  • the subcutaneous fat thickness at at least some of these points may be measured using other means (skinfold caliper, etc.). It may also be estimated—and not measured—for example using charts and anthropometric data relating to the individual, such as his weight and height and the perimeter of certain sections of his body, which are provided by commonplace devices (scales, measuring tape). However the accuracy of the result obtained would be less.
  • a second subject of the invention is a method of determining a person's body composition, in which the steps of a method for determining the person's total body fat as defined above are carried out and then, from the body fat determined, a value of the lean body mass and a value of the total body water present in the person's body are determined.
  • a third and fourth subject of the invention are, respectively, a system for determining a person's total body fat and a system for determining a person's body composition, comprising means for implementing the steps of a method according to the first subject and according to the second subject of the invention, respectively.
  • Such systems according to the invention are reliable systems for determining the total body fat and the total body composition, respectively, which can be easily transported from one site to another and can be used in applications not requiring medical personnel. This feature is beneficial in particular in the monitoring of sportsmen, as it allows a routine check of the total body fat to be readily made when going from one sporting event to another.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the principle of one embodiment of a system according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 2 a and 2 b show the location of the measurement points in the embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 a shows a person seen from the front, around whom a belt in one embodiment of a system according to the invention has been placed;
  • FIG. 3 b shows a person seen from behind, around whom a belt in one embodiment of a system according to the invention has been placed;
  • FIG. 4 a illustrates the correlation, for a representative group of women, between the total body fat values determined by implementing the invention and those determined by the DEXA reference method;
  • FIG. 4 b illustrates the correlation, for a representative group of men, between the total body fat values determined by implementing the invention and those determined by the DEXA reference method.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the principle of one embodiment of a system 1 according to the invention.
  • This system includes an echograph 2 .
  • This echograph 2 is for example an A-scan or uniaxial echograph.
  • the echograph 2 includes a drive circuit 3 and a receive circuit 3 ′ which, respectively, generate ultrasound firings from an ultrasonic transceiver probe 5 and collect the echoes received by the probe 5 following these firings.
  • the probe 5 connected to the circuits 3 and 3 ′ is for example a single-element or two-element, focusing or nonfocusing, straight probe used in particular in veterinary applications for measuring fat thickness in pigs.
  • the device further includes, in one advantageous embodiment, a computer 4 connected to the echograph 2 .
  • This computer 4 has a subcutaneous fat thickness determination module 6 suitable for controlling the drive circuit 3 and for processing the echo measurements delivered in succession by the receive circuit 3 ′, so as to extract therefrom representative values of a local subcutaneous fat thickness corresponding to the position of the probe 5 , for example after a calibration phase for adjusting the gain and the amplitude of the echograph 2 .
  • the correspondence between the amplitude of the measured echoes and the subcutaneous fat thickness is made using charts.
  • the system 1 advantageously includes a memory 7 for storing the computed body fat thicknesses. This storage may take place automatically or upon validation of the operator of the system 1 .
  • the computer 4 also includes a first total body fat determination module 8 that calculates a first total body fat estimate FAT 1 of a person, by calculating a linear function F from a set of four subcutaneous fat thickness measurements M nav,l , M nav,r , M thigh,r and M thigh,l stored in the memory 7 and from other data D that may be input by the operator before the calculation, or are themselves stored beforehand in the memory 7 .
  • a first total body fat determination module 8 that calculates a first total body fat estimate FAT 1 of a person, by calculating a linear function F from a set of four subcutaneous fat thickness measurements M nav,l , M nav,r , M thigh,r and M thigh,l stored in the memory 7 and from other data D that may be input by the operator before the calculation, or are themselves stored beforehand in the memory 7 .
  • the computer 4 includes a third module 10 for determining the total body composition, which, on the basis of the total body fat estimate FAT 2 determined by the module 9 (or based on the total body fat estimate FAT 1 determined by the module 8 ), delivers an estimate of the lean body mass and the total water present in the person's body.
  • the echograph 2 also includes a screen 6 for displaying the measurements made.
  • the operating mode for determining a person's total body fat is the following: after having applied a coupling gel between the probe 5 and the person's skin, an operator takes a subcutaneous fat thickness measurement at four points, M nav,l , M nav,r , M thigh,r and M thigh,l , on the person's body by applying the probe 5 in succession at each of these points and by firing an ultrasound pulse via the circuit 3 of the echograph 2 .
  • the echoes received by the probe 5 at each of these points are processed by the circuit 3 ′ and then by the computer 6 , which delivers the subcutaneous fat thickness T nav,l , T nav,r , T thigh,r and T thigh,l at each of the points M nav,l , M nav,r , M thigh,r and M thigh,l .
  • These T nav,l , T nav,r , T thigh,r values are stored in the memory 7 .
  • the point M thigh,l is located in the right anterior part of the left mid-thigh and the point M thigh,r is located in the left anterior part of the right mid-thigh of a person shown from behind in FIG. 2 a .
  • These points are located at about 22 cm above the knee joint, and quarter anterior, i.e. at 11.30 in the case of the right thigh and at 1.30 in the case of the left thigh, by imagining a clock for which twelve o'clock corresponds to the front extreme generatrix and 6 o'clock the rear extreme generatrix.
  • the point M nav,r lies at right dorsal navel level, in the back, in a horizontal plane P passing through the person's trunk (in a vertical position) and passing through the navel, the straight line D 1 in the plane P passing through M nav,r and the spinal column making an angle of about 45° to the straight line D 2 in the plane P, passing through the navel and the spinal column.
  • the point M nav,l is located, similarly, at left dorsal navel level. It is thus approximately symmetrical to the point M nav,r with respect to the straight line D 2 .
  • a set of anthropomorphic data D relating to a person is stored beforehand by the operator in memory 7 .
  • This data D comprises the sex of the person (male or female), the ratio of weight in kg to the square of the height in m (BMI), the perimeter around the waist passing through the navel (WP) and the average of the perimeters around the left and right legs passing at mid-thigh (AP thigh )
  • a person's body composition is calculated using the module 10 .
  • the person's weight Wt stored beforehand in the memory 7 by the operator, is equal to the sum of lean mass and fat mass of his body.
  • the calculated values FAT 2 , LBM and W body are recorded in memory 7 . This allows the operator to be able to access a person's history and to display the change in his profile over the course of time.
  • the operator uses a special belt 11 to be placed before the measurements are performed.
  • This belt 11 has two dorsal lateral reference points 12 , 13 on either side and at an equal distance from a central dorsal reference point 14 and a closure buckle 15 , which also constitutes a central navel reference point.
  • This belt is to be placed around the person's trunk so that the belt lies in a horizontal plane passing through the L4-L5 vertebrae and navel level.
  • the central dorsal reference point 14 must be located on the vertical vertebral axis as shown in FIG. 3 a and the central navel reference point 15 must be located on the navel.
  • a first is for example suitable for a waist perimeter of between 50 and 90 cm and a second belt is suitable for a waist perimeter of between 80 and 150 cm.
  • the operator can place the probe under the lateral dorsal reference points 12 and 13 and the central navel reference point 15 .
  • FIG. 4 a shows a graph in which the body fat FAT 2 determined according to the invention is plotted on the x-axis and the body fat provided by the DEXA reference method is plotted on the y-axis for a sample made up of 44 women between the ages of 18 and 60 years.
  • FIG. 4 b shows a graph in which the body fat FAT 2 determined according to the invention is plotted on the x-axis and the body fat provided by the DEXA reference method is plotted on the y-axis for a sample made up of 56 men aged between 18 and 60 years.
  • the embodiment of the invention shown above provides for the use of a computer 4 .
  • This configuration is suited for rapidly carrying out the various total body fat, lean body mass and/or total body water determinations for a large number of individuals and to automate the updating of the history.
  • all of the calculations described above with reference to the various modules of the computer may just as well be carried out directly by the operator. This situation is encountered in particular when the total body fat, lean body mass and total water determinations have to be performed in succession at different locations.
  • the invention lends itself particularly well to the case in which these determinations have to be performed in a portable manner.

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US11/379,493 2003-10-20 2006-04-20 Method and system for determining total body fat, and method and system for determining body composition Expired - Fee Related US7918794B2 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0312234A FR2861199B1 (fr) 2003-10-20 2003-10-20 Procede et systeme de determination de la masse grasse corporelle totale, procede et systeme de determination de la composition corporelle
FR0312234 2003-10-20
WOPCT/FR04/02656 2004-10-14
PCT/FR2004/002625 WO2005041779A2 (fr) 2003-10-20 2004-10-14 Procede et systeme de determination de la masse grasse corporelle totale, procede et systeme de determination de la composition corporelle

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100198100A1 (en) * 2007-07-19 2010-08-05 Omron Healthcare Co., Ltd. Bioelectrical impedance measurement body attachment unit and body fat measurement device
US9642593B2 (en) 2014-09-19 2017-05-09 MuscleSound, LLC System and method for non-invasive determination of human body fat
US10463346B2 (en) 2010-06-25 2019-11-05 Musclesound, Inc. System and method for target muscle glycogen score determination and evaluation
US11013490B2 (en) 2016-11-15 2021-05-25 Musclesound, Inc. Non-invasive determination of muscle tissue size
US11064971B2 (en) 2016-11-30 2021-07-20 Musclesound, Inc. Non-Invasive determination of muscle tissue quality and intramuscular fat
US11096658B2 (en) 2017-02-02 2021-08-24 Musclesound, Inc. Non-invasive determination of pennation angle and/or fascicle length
US11160493B2 (en) 2017-03-03 2021-11-02 Musclesound, Inc. System and method for determining a subject's muscle fuel level, muscle fuel rating, and muscle energy status

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JP4893480B2 (ja) * 2007-06-01 2012-03-07 オムロンヘルスケア株式会社 体脂肪測定装置
JP4893479B2 (ja) * 2007-06-01 2012-03-07 オムロンヘルスケア株式会社 生体インピーダンス測定用胴部装着ユニットおよび体脂肪測定装置
US7788042B2 (en) * 2007-11-30 2010-08-31 John Thomas Barnett Managing body composition
US9144404B2 (en) 2007-11-30 2015-09-29 John Thomas Barnett Managing body composition
JP5233548B2 (ja) * 2008-09-22 2013-07-10 オムロンヘルスケア株式会社 内臓脂肪測定装置
US9579079B2 (en) 2011-01-05 2017-02-28 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Device and method for determining actual tissue layer boundaries of a body
US10548528B2 (en) * 2015-08-07 2020-02-04 Ryan James Appleby Smartphone device for body analysis
JP2019076449A (ja) * 2017-10-25 2019-05-23 花王株式会社 体組成評価方法、体組成評価装置
FR3112934B1 (fr) * 2020-07-29 2022-10-14 Univ Grenoble Alpes détermination de la masse grasse ou maigre corporelle totale chez un individu

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US5941825A (en) * 1996-10-21 1999-08-24 Philipp Lang Measurement of body fat using ultrasound methods and devices
EP1055396A2 (de) * 1999-05-27 2000-11-29 Tanita Corporation Körperfettmessverfahren und -Gerät

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US5335667A (en) * 1992-11-20 1994-08-09 University Of Utah Research Foundation Method and apparatus for determining body composition using bioelectrical impedance
US5941825A (en) * 1996-10-21 1999-08-24 Philipp Lang Measurement of body fat using ultrasound methods and devices
EP1055396A2 (de) * 1999-05-27 2000-11-29 Tanita Corporation Körperfettmessverfahren und -Gerät

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100198100A1 (en) * 2007-07-19 2010-08-05 Omron Healthcare Co., Ltd. Bioelectrical impedance measurement body attachment unit and body fat measurement device
US10463346B2 (en) 2010-06-25 2019-11-05 Musclesound, Inc. System and method for target muscle glycogen score determination and evaluation
US9642593B2 (en) 2014-09-19 2017-05-09 MuscleSound, LLC System and method for non-invasive determination of human body fat
US10028700B2 (en) 2014-09-19 2018-07-24 Musclesound, Inc. Method and system for non-invasive determination of human body fat
US11612376B2 (en) 2016-11-15 2023-03-28 Musclesound, Inc. Non-invasive determination of muscle tissue size
US11013490B2 (en) 2016-11-15 2021-05-25 Musclesound, Inc. Non-invasive determination of muscle tissue size
US11064971B2 (en) 2016-11-30 2021-07-20 Musclesound, Inc. Non-Invasive determination of muscle tissue quality and intramuscular fat
US11096658B2 (en) 2017-02-02 2021-08-24 Musclesound, Inc. Non-invasive determination of pennation angle and/or fascicle length
US11627934B2 (en) 2017-02-02 2023-04-18 MuscleSound, LLC Non-invasive determination of pennation angle and/or fascicle length
US11813111B2 (en) 2017-02-02 2023-11-14 Musclesound, Inc. Non-invasive determination of pennation angle and/or fascicle length
US11160493B2 (en) 2017-03-03 2021-11-02 Musclesound, Inc. System and method for determining a subject's muscle fuel level, muscle fuel rating, and muscle energy status
US11602304B2 (en) 2017-03-03 2023-03-14 Musclesound, Inc. System and method for determining a subject's muscle fuel level, muscle fuel rating, and muscle energy status
US12004866B2 (en) 2017-03-03 2024-06-11 Musclesound, Inc. System and method for determining a subject's muscle fuel level, muscle fuel rating, and muscle energy status
US12220245B2 (en) 2017-03-03 2025-02-11 Musclesound, Inc. System and method for determining a subject's muscle fuel level, muscle fuel rating, and muscle energy status

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FR2861199B1 (fr) 2006-02-10
EP1680025B1 (de) 2017-07-12
US20070038092A1 (en) 2007-02-15
WO2005041779A2 (fr) 2005-05-12
WO2005041779A3 (fr) 2005-07-07
EP1680025A2 (de) 2006-07-19
FR2861199A1 (fr) 2005-04-22

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