US781748A - Disintegrating-machine. - Google Patents

Description

EST AVAiLABLE 00 No. 781,748. PATENTED FEB. 7, 1905. A. W. SMITH.

DISINTEGRATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 18. 1902.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

- 1 IN L r o R V ATTQRMELY$ BEST AVAlLABLE ca PATENTED FEB. '7, 1905.

A. W. SMITH.

DISINTEGRATING MACHINE.

PLIOATION FILED NOV. 18. 1902.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

WITNKSSES A'TTO RNELYS' east Av AlLABL-E c UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ARTHUR lVILLIAM SMITH, OF BARKING, ENGLAND.

DlSlNTEGFiATlNG-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 781,748, dated February '7, 1905.

Application filed November 18, 1902. Serial No. 131,838.

1'0 all w/wm it may concern.-

Be it known that LARTHUR WILLIAM SMITH, a subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, residing at Barking: in the county of Essex, England, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Disintegrating-Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to machines in which material is disintegrated or pulverized by the centrifugal action set up on the material by means of beaters and lifters in combination with fixed plates or blocks, against which the material to be pulverized is thrown or driven.

The object of my invention is the construction and arrangement of such a machine whereby a high efiiciency of pulverizing effect is obtained, no risk of jamming or stopping of the machine from accumulation of crushedor uncrnshed material therein exists, no delivery from and return to the machine of uncrushed material is necessary, material'can be pulverized in combination with liquid, the wearing parts of the machine are readily renewable and at a small cost," the power required to drive the machine is small compared with its output, the various parts of the machine are light, affording great portability for easy transit in diflicult country, and machines of various sizes and capacities can be made from parts of one standard size and shape.

This invention consists, first, in the mounting of the beater-heads upon a non-pivotal but flexible stem, so that on meeting any serious obstruction the said stems will give axially and allow the beater head to pass such obstruction; secondly, the arrangement of an impact-surface at such an angle and in such relation to the feeding-orifice that a limited zone of pulverization is set up in the casing to concentrate the wear from impact onto a limited area ofrenewable surface and to prevent the material from being carried round by the heaters in the casing; thirdly, the arrange,- ment of the device to permit the use of water in the process of pulverization; fourthly, the arrangementof the screen and accessories to give a high efliciency and large area of screening capacity; fifthly, the arrangement of the driving-gear to give a high speed of rotation with a high mechanical efiiciency and an absence of shock or jar, and, lastly, in the gen eral construction of the machine in pieces of light weight for the purpose of easy transport and of parts of standard size to allow of machines of various capacities to be made by increasing or decreasing the number of the elements.

In order that the invention may be the better understood, I will now proceed to describe the same in relation to the accompanying drawings, reference being had to the letters marked thereon.

Like letters refer to like parts in the various figures.

Figure 1 is a side sectional elevation of a machine constructed according to my invention on the line 1 2, Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section of the same. Fig. 3 is a plan of the same. Fig. 4 is adetail view, partly in section, of a supporting-disk and beater-head, showing the method of attachment of the wire-rope stems thereto. Figs. 5-and 6 show in section different forms of impact-block. Fig. 7 shows a modified construction of stem in the form of a flexible steel strip and two alternative methods of attachment.

To carry out this invention, I construct the shell or body a of one or more sheets of rolled iron or steel of any suitable thickness, the said sheets are bent to the desired shape, which is circular for a portion of its circumference, and are supported on built-up cradles b, which in their turn are carried by light steel joists .0. braced together with through bolts 61 and tubular distance-pieces e. The inside of the casing is lined with hard-metal plates f, which are preferably arranged in sections and held in place by angle-irons g in sectional lengths, so that any particular section which shows signs of being worn out can be readily renewed, the angle-irons g being bolted to the casing to facilitate this operation. In the upper part of the casing a I fix an impact-block g, which is constructed hollow and is substantially of triangular section, one side being rounded to fit the shape of the casing, while the side it, which receives the impact, may be flat, as shown in Fig. 1, or convex, as in Fig. 5, or concave, as in Fig. 6. The angle of this sesT AVAILABLE co impact-surface relative to the axis is such as to keep the material thrown against it in this part of the casing until broken small enough to be carried past the said block by the aircurrent in the casing and in this way to limit the zone of pulverization to the vicinity of the impact-block g.

The impact-block is covered by hard-metalplate sleeves h, which are threaded on the block from the end thereof and are held in place together with the impact-block by bolts '21, which pass through the casing a. The sleeves it by covering the width of the impact-block in sections permit any given section of the hardened surface to be renewed or the insertion of a new sleeve at this part of the impactblock.

The casing a at the back end merges from its circular form to a rectangular form, at the end of which suitable means, such as grooves j, are provided for holding a screen k, the latter being kept in position by fasten ing devices, such as wedges Zand catch Z. In order to protect the screen 1. from the direct impact of the material in its movement toward the screen, I provide a deflecting-plate m, which may be fiat, concave, or convex in form and so placed in the casing that the material is caught by the said plate and deflected onto the upper part of the casing, from which in turn it is deflected onto. the screen. The material is fed into the machine through lateral feed-orifices n. The sides 0 of the casing a are light plates divided at some part adjacent to the axis of the rotary part of the machine, so that the said side casings can readily be removed and access be had to the interior of the machine. The outer casing a, which is stiffened with angleirons a or the like, is sufiiciently rigid to stand without any support from the lateral plates 0.

The rotary part of the machine consists of a central shaft adapted to be supported in bearings q, carried by bearers 7', mounted on the girders c. On this shaft are located two or more disks or bosses s, carrying flexible stems t, at the ends of which are fixed beater-heads t of any desired shape. The disks .9 are clamped on the shaft by a nut-s against a collar .3, distance-pieces s being inserted between the disks and a key or feathers .v in the shaft engaging with the disks to set up a positive drive and to maintain the beaterheads on one disk in a fixed position relative to those on an adjacent disk. The flexible stems 2. may be in the form of wire rope, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 4, or of a flexible blade, as in Fig. 7. In the case of the wirerope stems the means of attachment is in the form of screwed sleeves u, adapted to be screwed into the disk 8 and beater-head 6, each saidsleeve having a conical central hole arranged so that the strands of the wire rope can be spread by a conical wedge w, the ends of the strands being first bent over around the end of the sleeve in order that the wire rope may be firmly held when the sleeve is screwed down tightly into place. This means of attachment is shown clearly in Fig. at. In the case of the flexible blades, as shown in Fig. 7. the said blade is provided with wedge-shaped ends, one end being held in a dovetail groove in the disk by a wedge 41 placed either at the side of the blade or under the end of the same. The beater-head in this case is provided with a conical hole and is threaded onto the stem to engage its conical end before the stem is placed in position on the disk. The hole in the beater-head at its smallest part must of necessity be large enough to allow the end of stem which is attached to the disk to pass therethrough. A pin o is inserted through the head and stem to keep the head in position on the stem.

In order to prevent end play of the shaft 1), I provide a device m, such as that shown in the Fig. 3, consisting of an adjustable center carried by a screwed spindle supported in a bracket mounted on the adjacent bearing. The spindle is fitted with a hand-wheel and jamming-nut, by which the adjustment of the center can be made and maintained relative to the shaft.

The central shaft 19 is driven by two or more toothed wheels 1/ 3 mounted thereon, which engage with a similar number of toothed wheels 2 2, mounted on a second or lay shaft 2'. The wheels 2 2 are larger than the wheels 1/ 3 so that the central shaft is geared up compared with the shaft 2', which latter is provided with a pulley 2 whereby motion from a prime mover can be transmitted to the machine. The wheels are placed relatively to each other on their shafts, so that the teeth do not coincide with each other in order to reduce the backlash and resultant shock and jar therefrom.

Now the feeding-orifices are situated in the side casings at such a position relative to the impact-block that when the material falls onto and is struck by the beater-heads it will be thrown against the impact-block and the part of the casing adjacent thereto and will rebound from one to the other until it is small enough to be diverted by the air-current past the block against the deflecting-plate and onto the screen, where if small enough in size it will pass through to the outside of the machine. If, however, it does not pass the screen, it falls to the bottom of the casing and is carried round again by the heaters for impact against the block and adjacent parts of the casing.

Having now described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In combination, a casing of elliptical form, an impact-block therein, a shaft, beaters on the shaft, and an inlet-opening for the material arranged in the side wall of the easing to permit the inlet of the material in a direction substantially longitudinally of the axis of rotation of the boaters, said beatershaft being mounted to rotate in one focus of the elliptical casing and the said impact-block extending substantially along the major axis of the casing to the other focus, substantially as described.

2. In a disintegrating or pulverizing machine, a casing of elliptical form, an impactblock and rotary beater-heads, the shaft of the rotary beater-heads being mounted to rotate in one focus of the casing and the impactblock extending substantially along the major axis of the casing to the other focus in combination with a screen situated in the said casing at such position relatively to the said impact-block that any material passing such BEST AVAILABLE CC block is thrown by the beaters against said screen, the said screen forming one wall of the casing, substantially as described.

3. In combination acasing having a screen, an impact-block within the casing, rotary beaters within the casing and a deflectingplate interposed between the screen and the impact-block at such a position relatively to the said screen and impact-block that the material passing said impact-block is thrown by the beaters first onto the deflecting-plate and then onto the screen.

1n witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two witnesses.

ARTHUR WILLIAM SMITH.

Witnesses:

RICHARD A. l-IOFFMANN,

IHARLES CARTER.

Images