US7785637B2 - Herbal composition for maintaining/caring the skin around the eye, methods of preparing the same and uses thereof - Google Patents

Herbal composition for maintaining/caring the skin around the eye, methods of preparing the same and uses thereof Download PDF

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US7785637B2
US7785637B2 US11/811,173 US81117307A US7785637B2 US 7785637 B2 US7785637 B2 US 7785637B2 US 81117307 A US81117307 A US 81117307A US 7785637 B2 US7785637 B2 US 7785637B2
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extract
eye
composition
methanol
ligulata
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US20080081085A1 (en
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Shankar Kumar Mitra
Ekta Saxena
Uddagiri Venkanna Babu
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Himalaya Global Holdings Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
    • A61Q19/005—Preparations for sensitive skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/47—Euphorbiaceae (Spurge family), e.g. Ricinus (castorbean)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/58—Meliaceae (Chinaberry or Mahogany family), e.g. Azadirachta (neem)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
    • A61K8/97—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution from algae, fungi, lichens or plants; from derivatives thereof
    • A61K8/9783—Angiosperms [Magnoliophyta]
    • A61K8/9789—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]

Definitions

  • this invention relates to the filed of cosmecuticals. More specifically the present invention provides a novel herbal skinceutical composition to maintain and improve skin health especially for delicate skin around the eyes comprising the extracts of Saxifraga ligulata, Cipadessa baccifera and Emblica officinalis , method for preparing the same and use thereof.
  • the Eye care cosmeceutical products are one of the top selling cosmetics in the world.
  • the skin around the eye is very thin and when blood passes through the large veins close to the surface of the skin it can produce a bluish tint.
  • Hyperpigmentation (a high amount of melanin in the skin) is often the culprit for dark circles under the eyes, as is engorged blood vessels in the thin skin under the eye. This is especially common for the fair-skinned people. Also fatigue, excessive sun exposure, dehydration, and medical conditions related to renal, thyroid and even genetics could cause dark circles to appear.
  • Puffiness of eyes and eye bags are two different kinds of conditions. While fluid retention is the main cause of puffy eyes, a common occurrence in the morning, as fluid builds up while sleeping and baggy eyes are the result of accumulated fat in the eye area. Over time, the septum surrounding the eyeball socket weakens, which causes the outer layer of fat within the socket to sink forward—resulting in pouches, or bags.
  • the septum surrounding the eyeball socket weakens, which causes the outer layer of fat within the socket to sink forward—resulting in pouches, or bags.
  • Tyrosinase a single-chain glycoprotein enzyme essential to pigment formation in mammals, is specifically localized in melanocytes, which occur primarily in the skin, hair bulbs, and eyes. Tyrosinase, the rate-limiting enzyme in melanin synthesis, is expressed specifically in pigment-producing cells. Tyrosinase converts tyrosine to dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and then to dopaquinone. Subsequently, dopaquinone is converted to dopachrome, through auto-oxidation, and finally to dihydroxyindole or dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) to form melanin (brown-black pigment). Tyrosinase enzyme inhibitors have a greater role to play for treating hyper pigmentation of the skin around eyes.
  • DOPA dihydroxyphenylalanine
  • DHICA dihydroxyindole or dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid
  • Hyaluronic Acid a natural glycosaminoglycan biopolymer, is present in the tissues. It has an enormous water binding capacity (up to 1,000 times its weight) and it forms high viscosity hydrated polymers. More than 50% of the total amount of body HA is present in skin (in dermis and epidermis).
  • Hyaluronic acid is a basic building block of the dermis. It stabilizes the intercellular structures of connective tissues and forms the elastoviscous fluid matrix in which collagen and elastin fibers are embedded. It also promotes the renewal of keratinocytes and its ability to retain water helps in proper hydration of the skin. The amount of HA in the skin decreases with aging and photo aging process.
  • Hyaluronidase is an enzyme that degrades HA resulting in reduced dermal hydration, disorganization of collagen and elastin fibers and increased skin wrinkling and folding.
  • Hyaluronidase Inhibitors are known to have potential benefits in preventing and treating crow's feet type of fine line wrinkles.
  • the free radical damage of the skin around the eyes causing inflammation and reddening of eye can be treated with the addition of antioxidants in eye creams.
  • Antioxidants are found naturally in the body and in plants such as fruits and vegetables. Common antioxidants include vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and certain compounds called carotenoids (e.g., lutein and beta-carotene). Antioxidants help to prevent the destruction of cells by bonding with free radicals. Free radicals are atoms or groups of atoms with an odd (unpaired) number of electrons and can be formed when oxygen interacts with certain molecules. Free radicals are often generated due to pollution and stress.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,682,763 to Kuno et al. describes the preparation of Skin-beautifying agent, anti-aging agent for the skin, whitening agent and external agent for the skin using multi herbal composition comprising Saxifraga stronifera Meerburg, marshmallow, Angelica keiskei Koidz, Artemisia capillaries herba , nettle, philodendron bark, Hypericum erectum, lonicerae flos, Salvia officinalis, lithospermum roots, white birch, Sapindus mukurossi Gaertn , etc.
  • U.S. Patent Application No. 20040115286 to Lee Kang Tae et al. discloses the preparation of herbal composition comprising the extract of Bergenia emeiensis for remedying skin wrinkles.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,235,721 to Ghosal et al. demonstrates a process for the stabilization of Vitamin C content as antioxidant from Emblica officinalis.
  • composition for maintaining skin around the eyes, wherein said composition comprises the extracts of Saxifraga ligulata syn. Bergenia ligulata, Cipadessa baccifera and Emblica officinalis and cosmeceutically acceptable excipients.
  • a novel herbal composition which is capable of preventing and treating under eye dark circles, under eye wrinkles, under eye bags, a free radical damage of the skin around eye, hyper pigmentation around the eye, inflammation or puffiness around the eye, due to age, stress, insomnia, allergy, dehydration and genetically inherited disorders or other problems related to the same.
  • It is yet another aspect of the present invention to provide a novel herbal composition comprising the extract of Saxifraga ligulata syn. Bergenia ligulata and cosmeceutically acceptable excipients, wherein said composition is capable of inhibiting the enzyme Tyrosinase.
  • a novel herbal composition comprising the extract of Cipadessa baccifera , wherein said composition is capable of inhibiting Hyaluronidase enzyme.
  • a novel herbal composition comprising the extract of Emblica officinalis , wherein said composition effectively acts as an antioxidant and is capable of preventing free radical damage of the skin around eye.
  • composition wherein said composition is effectively used for skin lightening under eye.
  • the solvent extract is prepared using any part of said plants, preferably rhizomes of Saxifraga ligulata , fruits of Emblica officinalis and aerial parts of Cipadessa baccifera.
  • a novel herbal composition comprising the extract of Cipadessa baccifera , wherein said extract is obtained employing an aqueous solvent viz. water, either alone or in any combination of alcohol.
  • a novel herbal composition comprising the extract of Saxifraga ligulata , wherein said extract is obtained employing an organic solvent viz. methanol, either alone or in any combination of other organic solvents.
  • a novel herbal composition comprising the extract of Emblica officinalis , wherein said extract is obtained employing an organic solvent viz. methanol, either alone or in any combination of other organic solvents.
  • composition is intended for topical application in human beings.
  • a herbal composition for maintaining skin around the eyes comprising extracts of Saxifraga ligulata syn. Bergenia ligulata, Cipadessa baccifera and Emblica officinalis and cosmeceutically acceptable excipients.
  • a novel herbal composition wherein said herbal extract composition comprises water extract of Cipadessa baccifera , methanol extract of Emblica officinalis and methanol extract of Saxifraga ligulata in any combination, preferably in the ratio of 34:21:45.
  • a novel herbal composition wherein said composition comprises chromatographic fraction eluted with Chlroform:Methanol (50:50) from the methanol extract of Saxifraga ligulata.
  • the topical formulation comprises from 0.1 to 10% of the herbal extract composition, wherein said formulation may be cream, gel, lotion or any other topical formulation.
  • a method for preparing said composition employing extract of Saxifraga ligulata syn. Bergenia ligulata, Emblica officinalis and Cipadessa baccifera , wherein said method comprises extracting plant extract from said plants by hot soxhalation, filtering the plant extract, concentrating the plant extract to dryness on rotatory evaporator or on steam bath at optimum temperature and producing a herbal composition employing said dry extract and a cosmeceutically acceptable carrier.
  • a method for preparing said composition employing extract of Saxifraga ligulata syn. Bergenia ligulata, Emblica officinalis and Cipadessa baccifera , wherein said method comprises extracting plant extract from said plants by percolation, filtering the plant extract, concentrating the plant extract to dryness on rotatory evaporator or on steam bath at optimum temperature and producing a herbal composition employing said dry extract and a cosmeceutically acceptable carrier.
  • a method of producing a bioactive fraction by solvent fractionation of methanol extract from the plant Saxifraga ligulata wherein the solvent is Chloroform: Methanol in ratio of 80:20, preferably Chloroform:Methanol in ratio of 50:50.
  • the prepared fraction is a potent Tyrosinase enzyme inhibitor.
  • a method of producing a bioactive fraction by column chromatography of methanol extract from the plant Saxifraga ligulata wherein the column is prepared from silica gel as adsorbent and wherein said bioactive fraction is obtained from chloroform: methanol (50:50) eluted fraction.
  • a method of producing a bioactive fraction directly from the plant material Saxifraga ligulata wherein the plant material is extracted with chloroform:methanol (80:20) followed by chloroform:methanol (50:50) solvent mixture.
  • bioactive fraction from Saxifraga ligulata comprises up to 45% of said under eye cream composition according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 DPPH radical scavenging activity of Emblica officinalis extracts (IC 50 values).
  • FIG. 2 DPPH radical scavenging activity of Emblica officinalis extracts (% of inhibition).
  • FIG. 3 DPPH radical scavenging activity of methanol extracts of Emblica officinalis (IC 50 values).
  • FIG. 4 DPPH radical scavenging activity of methanol extracts of Emblica officinalis (% of inhibition).
  • FIG. 5 Antioxidant activity of EC-09 extract (in vitro).
  • FIG. 6 In vitro Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of chromatographic fractions of methanol extract of Saxifraga ligulata (IC 50 values).
  • FIG. 7 In vitro Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of chromatographic fractions of methanol extract of Saxifraga ligulata (% of inhibition).
  • FIG. 8 In vitro Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of solvent-solvent fractions of methanol extract of Saxifraga ligulata (IC 50 values).
  • FIG. 9 In vitro Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of solvent-solvent fractions of methanol extract of Saxifraga ligulata (% of inhibition).
  • FIG. 10 Tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activity of EC-09 extract (in vitro).
  • FIG. 11 Group I (Control) mice showing no melanin pigmentation.
  • FIG. 12 Group II (Positive control) mice exposed to ultraviolet light showing high degree of melanin pigmentation.
  • FIG. 13 Group III (Treated) mice treated with UE cream and exposed to UV light showing mild melanin pigmentation.
  • FIG. 14 Diagram showing opinion of patients on efficacy of under eye cream.
  • the present invention involves the selection of various herbs and obtaining extract by subjecting the same to solvent extraction and screening of these extracts for tyrosinase and hyaluronidase enzymes inhibitory activities and antioxidant activity in vitro.
  • the invention also involves preparation of a cosmeceutical composition using the effective herbal extracts in a particular ratio and other cosmeceutically acceptable carriers and evaluation of its skin lightening activity in rats.
  • the present cosmeceutical composition is effective for prevention and treatment of under eye dark circles, under eye wrinkles, under eye bags, free radical damage around the skin of eye, hyper pigmentation around the eye, inflammation or puffiness around the eye in human beings.
  • Bergenia ligulata A perennial herb with stout rootstock, found in the temperate Himalayas between altitudes of 900 and 3,000 m. Leaves variable, 5-35 cm long, coarsely hairy, sparsely hairy to glabrous, broadly obovate or elliptic; flowers white, pink or purple, in long cymose panicles.
  • the dried rhizomes constitute the drug Paashaanabheda.
  • the name Paashaanabheda is attributed to about a dozen plants belonging to different genera, but the drug in the Indian markets mainly consists of two closely related herbs (i) B. ciliata F. ciliata syn. Saxifraga ligulata auct , in part, non Wall.; S. ligulata Wall. var. ciliata (Royle) Hook. f. & Thoms.
  • the rhizome of S. ligulata contains an active principle, bergenin (0.6%), gallic acid, glucose (5.6%), mucilage and wax. The presence of ⁇ -sitosterol and four flavonoids is also reported.
  • the rhizome is a source of tannin (14.2-16.3%) and of a dye (Jain & Gupta, 1962 J Indian Chem Soc 39:559; Gupta, 1971 J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 68:791; Bahl et al. 1974 Indian J Chem 12:1038; Shah et al. loc. cit.; Sarin & Kapoor, loc. cit.).
  • Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Syn. Phyllanthus emblica Linn. (Amla) belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae and is a small or medium-sized deciduous tree with smooth, greenish grey exfoliating bark. Leaves are feathery with small narrowly oblong, pinnately arranged leaflets. Fruits are depressed-globose, 1 ⁇ 2-1 inch in diameter, fleshy and obscurely 6-lobed, containing trigonous seeds.
  • Amla fruit is probably the richest known natural source of vitamin C.
  • the fruit juice contains nearly 20 times as much vitamin C as orange juice and a single fruit is equal in antiscorbutic value to one or two oranges.
  • a tannin containing gallic acid, ellagic acid and glucose in its molecule and naturally present in the fruit prevents or retards the oxidation of the vitamin and renders the fruit a valuable antiscorbutic in the fresh as well as dry condition.
  • C. fruticosa Blume a genus of shrubs or small trees belongs to the family Meliaceae and distributed in the Indo-Malaysian region.
  • C. baccifera is a much-branched shrub up to 2.5 m in height with imparipinnate leaves, elliptic lanceolate leaflets, small white flowers in axillary corymbose panicles, and red globose berries, commonly found in parts of South India.
  • the roots are used against tapeworms.
  • the leaves make a poor fodder.
  • the wood is used as fuel (Bressers, 27; Why, 1945 Indian For. Leafl. 82:13).
  • the shade dried rhizomes of Saxifraga ligulata were pulverized to coarse powder and about 1 Kg each of powdered material placed in different percolators and the material was soaked in n-hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, methanol and water at room temperature for 24 h to 48 h then plant extracts were drained out from the percolator and filtered through Whatmann no. 1 filter paper. The percolation of the residual material was again carried out with respective solvents and the combined solvent extract was concentrated to dryness on rotatory evaporator or on steam bath at optimum temperature and under reduced pressure.
  • the shade dried rhizomes of Saxifraga ligulata were pulverized to coarse powder and about 1 Kg each of the powdered material subjected to hot-soxlation in different soxhalate apparatus using solvents n-hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol and methanol at optimum temperature until extraction was completed, then plant extracts were filtered through Whatmann no. 1 filter paper and concentrated to dryness on rotatory evaporator or on steam bath at optimum temperature. All extracts were qualitatively similar to extracts prepared by percolation method.
  • the column was then eluted with 15 L of Chloroform:Methanol (80:20) (T3), 8 L of Chloroform:Methanol (60:40) (T2), 16 L of Chloroform:Methanol (50:50) (T1), 14 L of Chloroform:Methanol (25:75) (T5) and 15 L of Methanol (100) (T4) to obtain active fraction (Chloroform: Methanol 50:50) with the yield of 27% (405 g from 1.5 Kg).
  • Thin Layer Chromatography was performed over precoated TLC plates (Merck) and samples of 50 ⁇ L, 100 ⁇ L (50 mg in 1 ml solution) were applied and run in the mobile phase of Methanol:Ethyl acetate:Acetic acid (75:24:0.1). The plates were then air dried and sprayed with 1% alcoholic FeCl 3 solution. A dark brown spots were visualized confirming the presence of phenolic compounds.
  • the shade dried fruits of Emblica officinalis were pulverized to a coarse powder and 3 kg each of the powdered material was placed in three percolators.
  • the first percolator containing 3 Kg of material was subjected to successive extractions with 10 L of n-hexane, 10 L of Chloroform, 10 L of Methanol and 10 L of Water. Each solvent extraction was repeated twice and concentrated to dryness on Rotatory evaporator at optimum temperature to yield n-Hexane extract (PH-01 A), Chloroform extract (PH-01 D), Methanol extract (PH-01G) and Water extract (PH-01 I).
  • the second percolator containing 3 Kg of material was subjected to successive extractions with 10 L of Chloroform, 10 L of Methanol and 10 L of Water. Each solvent extraction was repeated twice and combined extractions were concentrated to dryness on Rotatory evaporator at optimum temperature to yield Chloroform extract (PH-01 B), Methanol extract (PH-01 E) and Water extract (PH-01 H).
  • the third percolator containing 3 Kg of material was subjected to successive extractions with 10 L of Methanol and 10 L of Water. Each solvent extraction was repeated twice and combined extractions were concentrated to dryness on Rotatory evaporator at optimum temperature to yield Methanol extract (PH-01 C) and Water extract (PH-01 F).
  • the dried aerial parts of Cipadessa baccifera were pulverized to a coarse powder and 3 Kg each of powdered material was placed in three percolators.
  • the first percolator containing 3 Kg of material was subjected to successive extractions with 10 L of n-hexane, 10 L of dichloromethane, 10 L of chloroform, 10 L of ethyl acetate, 10 L of methanol and 10 L of water.
  • CP-01 A n-hexane extract
  • CP-01 B dichloromethane extract
  • CP-01 C chloroform extract
  • CP-01 D ethyl acetate extract
  • CP-01 E methanol extract
  • CP-01 F water extract
  • the second percolator containing 3 Kg of material was subjected to successive extractions with 10 L of acetone, 10 L of methanol and 10 L of water. Each extraction was repeated twice and the combined extractions were concentrated to dryness on rotatory evaporator at optimum temperature to yield acetone extract (CP-01 G), methanol extract (CP-01 H) and water extract (CP-01 I).
  • the third percolator containing 3 Kg of material was subjected to extraction with 10 L of double distilled water and the extraction was repeated twice.
  • the combined extractions were concentrated to dryness on a water bath at optimum temperature to yield water extract (CP-01 J).
  • the free radical scavenging activity of the Emblica extract was measured in terms of hydrogen donating or radical-scavenging ability using the stable radical DPPH.
  • DPPH 0.1 mM A primary stock of 4 mg/ml was prepared, from this secondary stock was prepared by diluting primary stock 1:10 with ethanol.
  • Drug stock 1 mg/ml stock of Emblica extracts in DM water was prepared.
  • Acont is the absorbance of the control reaction and Atest is the absorbance in the presence of the sample of the extracts.
  • the antioxidant activity of the extract is expressed as IC 50 .
  • the IC 50 value is defined as the concentration (in ⁇ g/ml) of extracts that inhibits the formation of DPPH radicals by 50%.
  • the activity results are summarized in FIGS. 1 and 4 .
  • Luminol, Hydrogen peroxide-10 mM and Phosphate buffer pH-7.
  • each well was loaded with 100 ⁇ l of phosphate buffer.
  • the test drug at different concentrations was added to each well except the first well, which was served as positive control.
  • 100 ⁇ l of 1.0 mM luminol in 0.1 N NaOH was added to all the wells.
  • Initial chemiluminescence i.e. before adding H 2 0 2 was recorded.
  • 25 ⁇ l of 10 mM H 2 0 2 was added to the wells to initiate the reaction and chemiluminescence was recorded for 4-5 sec. in a flash mode.
  • the results are summarized in FIG. 5 .
  • L-DOPA (2.55 mM) Weigh 10 mg of L-DOPA, dissolve and make up the volume to 20 ml in 0.5M Phosphate buffer, pH-6.8.
  • Tyrosinase Enzyme Prepare 60 u/ml enzyme in 0.5 M Phosphate buffer, pH-6.8.
  • Sample solution Stock of 1 mg/ml is prepared in 0.5 M Phosphate buffer pH-6.8.
  • Tyrosinase ⁇ ⁇ Inhibition ⁇ ⁇ ( % ) ( A cont - A test ) A cont ⁇ 100
  • a cont is the absorbance change of the control reaction and A test is the absorbance change in the presence of the sample of the extracts.
  • the inhibitory activity of the extract is expressed as IC 50 .
  • the IC 50 value is defined as the concentration (in ⁇ g/ml) of extracts that inhibited the enzyme activity by 50%. The results are given in FIGS. 6-10 .
  • This assay was carried out in 96 well micro plate. Drug solutions were serially diluted with 0.02 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.9) in the well and 30 ⁇ l of hyaluronic acid (1 mg/ml) was added as a substrate. Plate was read at 595 nm to record the initial reading. The mixture was incubated with freshly prepared hyaluronidase enzyme (30 ⁇ l, 200 IU/ml in 0.02 M sodium phosphate buffer with 1 mg BSA/ml) at 37° C. for 20 minutes. Then the reaction was stopped by adding 200 ⁇ l acid albumin solution (Acid Albumin Solution pH 3.72-3.78). It was allowed for 20 minutes at room temperature and read at 595 nm.
  • mice of either sex weighing 20-25 grams were selected for the study.
  • the animals were housed in polypropylene cages and were given free access to pelleted feed and water. A 12-hr light/dark cycle was maintained.
  • the mice were divided into three groups, each comprising of six animals.
  • Group I animals served as normal age matched controls with no exposure to UV light.
  • Group II animals were exposed to UV light for 20 minutes daily.
  • Group III animals were applied with UE cream on the dorsal region and exposed to UV light for 20 minutes daily.
  • Group IV animals were applied with competitor cream on the dorsal region and exposed to UV light for 20 minutes daily.
  • mice were lightly anesthetized with ether and the hair on the back (dorsal region) was cleanly shaven. All the mice were exposed to UV light by using a UV sun lamp for 20 minutes daily, for duration of 15 days. The skin response was examined through out the study period. The degree of tanning was scored in the following grade and photographs were taken.
  • mice skin to UV irradiation resulted in significant increase in melanin synthesis in Group II animals as compared to Group I animals (non UV irradiation).
  • Daily application of UE cream offered a very good protection against UV induced melanin pigmentation (Group III) and was found to be almost equivalent to competitor's product (Group IV).
  • the photographs of mice are given as FIG. 11 to 13 .
  • the overall impression about therapy is given in FIG. 14 .
  • CT scan of the eye was done on all the 22 volunteers before commencement of the study and after completion of the study.
  • CT study revealed no abnormality in any of the volunteers.
  • the formulation was tolerated well by all the volunteers and none of the volunteers reported either erythema or pruritus.

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Abstract

Disclosed is a novel herbal composition for maintaining/caring the skin around the eye, the composition comprising extracts of Saxifraga ligulata syn. Bergenia ligulata, Cipadessa baccifera and Emblica officinalis and cosmeceutical excipients thereof. Also disclosed is a method of extraction, delivery system comprising the same and use thereof.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit of Indian Application No. 2151/DEL/2006, filed Sep. 28, 2006.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
In general this invention relates to the filed of cosmecuticals. More specifically the present invention provides a novel herbal skinceutical composition to maintain and improve skin health especially for delicate skin around the eyes comprising the extracts of Saxifraga ligulata, Cipadessa baccifera and Emblica officinalis, method for preparing the same and use thereof.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The Eye care cosmeceutical products are one of the top selling cosmetics in the world. The skin around the eye is very thin and when blood passes through the large veins close to the surface of the skin it can produce a bluish tint. The more transparent the skin, which is also an inherited trait, the darker the circles appear.
Hyperpigmentation (a high amount of melanin in the skin) is often the culprit for dark circles under the eyes, as is engorged blood vessels in the thin skin under the eye. This is especially common for the fair-skinned people. Also fatigue, excessive sun exposure, dehydration, and medical conditions related to renal, thyroid and even genetics could cause dark circles to appear.
The fine lines at the corner of one's eyes are commonly referred to as “crow's feet”. This area has fewer oil glands than rest of the face, and is susceptible to extra dryness and formation of wrinkles.
Puffiness of eyes and eye bags are two different kinds of conditions. While fluid retention is the main cause of puffy eyes, a common occurrence in the morning, as fluid builds up while sleeping and baggy eyes are the result of accumulated fat in the eye area. Over time, the septum surrounding the eyeball socket weakens, which causes the outer layer of fat within the socket to sink forward—resulting in pouches, or bags.
area. Over time, the septum surrounding the eyeball socket weakens, which causes the outer layer of fat within the socket to sink forward—resulting in pouches, or bags.
Tyrosinase, a single-chain glycoprotein enzyme essential to pigment formation in mammals, is specifically localized in melanocytes, which occur primarily in the skin, hair bulbs, and eyes. Tyrosinase, the rate-limiting enzyme in melanin synthesis, is expressed specifically in pigment-producing cells. Tyrosinase converts tyrosine to dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and then to dopaquinone. Subsequently, dopaquinone is converted to dopachrome, through auto-oxidation, and finally to dihydroxyindole or dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) to form melanin (brown-black pigment). Tyrosinase enzyme inhibitors have a greater role to play for treating hyper pigmentation of the skin around eyes.
Hyaluronic Acid (HA), a natural glycosaminoglycan biopolymer, is present in the tissues. It has an enormous water binding capacity (up to 1,000 times its weight) and it forms high viscosity hydrated polymers. More than 50% of the total amount of body HA is present in skin (in dermis and epidermis). Hyaluronic acid is a basic building block of the dermis. It stabilizes the intercellular structures of connective tissues and forms the elastoviscous fluid matrix in which collagen and elastin fibers are embedded. It also promotes the renewal of keratinocytes and its ability to retain water helps in proper hydration of the skin. The amount of HA in the skin decreases with aging and photo aging process. Hyaluronidase is an enzyme that degrades HA resulting in reduced dermal hydration, disorganization of collagen and elastin fibers and increased skin wrinkling and folding. Hyaluronidase Inhibitors are known to have potential benefits in preventing and treating crow's feet type of fine line wrinkles.
The free radical damage of the skin around the eyes causing inflammation and reddening of eye can be treated with the addition of antioxidants in eye creams. Antioxidants are found naturally in the body and in plants such as fruits and vegetables. Common antioxidants include vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and certain compounds called carotenoids (e.g., lutein and beta-carotene). Antioxidants help to prevent the destruction of cells by bonding with free radicals. Free radicals are atoms or groups of atoms with an odd (unpaired) number of electrons and can be formed when oxygen interacts with certain molecules. Free radicals are often generated due to pollution and stress.
All the above literature cited information suggests the importance of tyrosinase enzyme inhibitors, hyaluronidase enzyme inhibitors and antioxidants as active ingredients in the formulation of under eye care cosmeceutical preparations for prevention and treatment of dark circles, puffiness of eyes, eye bags and fine wrinkles around the eyes etc. for human beings.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,682,763 to Kuno et al. describes the preparation of Skin-beautifying agent, anti-aging agent for the skin, whitening agent and external agent for the skin using multi herbal composition comprising Saxifraga stronifera Meerburg, marshmallow, Angelica keiskei Koidz, Artemisia capillaries herba, nettle, philodendron bark, Hypericum erectum, lonicerae flos, Salvia officinalis, lithospermum roots, white birch, Sapindus mukurossi Gaertn, etc.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,641,845 to Kyrou et al. demonstrates the preparation of skin whitening composition comprising bearberry and tetrahydrocurcumin.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,406,682 to Martin et al. teaches the use of Saxifraga extracts for artificial tanning of human skin.
U.S. Patent Application No. 20040115286 to Lee Kang Tae et al. discloses the preparation of herbal composition comprising the extract of Bergenia emeiensis for remedying skin wrinkles.
U.S. Patent Application No. 20050089589 to Chaudhuri et al. describes the use of Emblica officinalis extract as skin lightening agent.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,699,463 to Chaudhuri et al. discloses the preparation photostable sunscreen composition comprising Emblica officinalis extract as one of the antioxidant agent.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,235,721 to Ghosal et al. demonstrates a process for the stabilization of Vitamin C content as antioxidant from Emblica officinalis.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is a principal aspect of the present invention to provide a novel herbal composition for maintaining skin around the eyes, wherein said composition comprises the extracts of Saxifraga ligulata syn. Bergenia ligulata, Cipadessa baccifera and Emblica officinalis and cosmeceutically acceptable excipients.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a novel herbal composition is provided, which is capable of preventing and treating under eye dark circles, under eye wrinkles, under eye bags, a free radical damage of the skin around eye, hyper pigmentation around the eye, inflammation or puffiness around the eye, due to age, stress, insomnia, allergy, dehydration and genetically inherited disorders or other problems related to the same.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide a novel herbal composition, wherein said composition is capable of inhibiting the enzyme Tyrosinase that can cause irregular skin coloring. Further said herbal composition inhibits the production of Hyaluronidase enzyme, which helps to achieve the reduction of free radicals.
It is yet another aspect of the present invention to provide a novel herbal composition comprising the extract of Saxifraga ligulata syn. Bergenia ligulata and cosmeceutically acceptable excipients, wherein said composition is capable of inhibiting the enzyme Tyrosinase.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a novel herbal composition comprising the extract of Cipadessa baccifera, wherein said composition is capable of inhibiting Hyaluronidase enzyme.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a novel herbal composition comprising the extract of Emblica officinalis, wherein said composition effectively acts as an antioxidant and is capable of preventing free radical damage of the skin around eye.
In accordance with further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a composition, wherein said composition is effectively used for skin lightening under eye.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a process to prepare solvent extract of said plants Saxifraga ligulata syn. Bergenia ligulata, Emblica officinalis and Cipadessa baccifera, employing a solvent selected from the group
comprising n-hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol, ethyl alcohol and water or any combination thereof.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention, the solvent extract is prepared using any part of said plants, preferably rhizomes of Saxifraga ligulata, fruits of Emblica officinalis and aerial parts of Cipadessa baccifera.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a novel herbal composition comprising the extract of Cipadessa baccifera, wherein said extract is obtained employing an aqueous solvent viz. water, either alone or in any combination of alcohol.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a novel herbal composition comprising the extract of Saxifraga ligulata, wherein said extract is obtained employing an organic solvent viz. methanol, either alone or in any combination of other organic solvents.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a novel herbal composition comprising the extract of Emblica officinalis, wherein said extract is obtained employing an organic solvent viz. methanol, either alone or in any combination of other organic solvents.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a novel herbal composition, wherein the composition is intended for topical application in human beings.
In accordance with one preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a herbal composition for maintaining skin around the eyes, wherein said composition comprises extracts of Saxifraga ligulata syn. Bergenia ligulata, Cipadessa baccifera and Emblica officinalis and cosmeceutically acceptable excipients.
In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a novel herbal composition, wherein said herbal extract composition comprises water extract of Cipadessa baccifera, methanol extract of Emblica officinalis and methanol extract of Saxifraga ligulata in any combination, preferably in the ratio of 34:21:45.
In accordance with still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a novel herbal composition, wherein said composition comprises chromatographic fraction eluted with Chlroform:Methanol (50:50) from the methanol extract of Saxifraga ligulata.
In accordance with still another embodiment of the present invention, the topical formulation comprises from 0.1 to 10% of the herbal extract composition, wherein said formulation may be cream, gel, lotion or any other topical formulation.
In accordance with still another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a process for preparing the extracts of Saxifraga ligulata syn. Bergenia ligulata, Emblica officinalis and Cipadessa baccifera, wherein said extracts are obtained employing percolation method or hot soxhalation method or direct extraction method.
In accordance with still another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing said composition employing extract of Saxifraga ligulata syn. Bergenia ligulata, Emblica officinalis and Cipadessa baccifera, wherein said method comprises extracting plant extract from said plants by hot soxhalation, filtering the plant extract, concentrating the plant extract to dryness on rotatory evaporator or on steam bath at optimum temperature and producing a herbal composition employing said dry extract and a cosmeceutically acceptable carrier.
In accordance with still another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing said composition employing extract of Saxifraga ligulata syn. Bergenia ligulata, Emblica officinalis and Cipadessa baccifera, wherein said method comprises extracting plant extract from said plants by percolation, filtering the plant extract, concentrating the plant extract to dryness on rotatory evaporator or on steam bath at optimum temperature and producing a herbal composition employing said dry extract and a cosmeceutically acceptable carrier.
In accordance with still another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of producing a bioactive fraction by solvent fractionation of methanol extract from the plant Saxifraga ligulata, wherein the solvent is Chloroform: Methanol in ratio of 80:20, preferably Chloroform:Methanol in ratio of 50:50. Further, the prepared fraction is a potent Tyrosinase enzyme inhibitor.
In accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of producing a bioactive fraction by column chromatography of methanol extract from the plant Saxifraga ligulata, wherein the column is prepared from silica gel as adsorbent and wherein said bioactive fraction is obtained from chloroform: methanol (50:50) eluted fraction.
In accordance with further embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of producing a bioactive fraction directly from the plant material Saxifraga ligulata, wherein the plant material is extracted with chloroform:methanol (80:20) followed by chloroform:methanol (50:50) solvent mixture.
Further, the bioactive fraction from Saxifraga ligulata comprises up to 45% of said under eye cream composition according to the present invention.
In accordance with still another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of treating patients suffering from wrinkles under the eye, laxity of the muscles below the eye or dark black circles around the eye with under eye cream.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Further objects of the present invention together with additional features contributing thereto and advantages accruing there from will be apparent from the description of preferred embodiments of the present invention which are shown in the accompanying drawing figures.
FIG. 1. DPPH radical scavenging activity of Emblica officinalis extracts (IC50 values).
FIG. 2. DPPH radical scavenging activity of Emblica officinalis extracts (% of inhibition).
FIG. 3. DPPH radical scavenging activity of methanol extracts of Emblica officinalis (IC50 values).
FIG. 4. DPPH radical scavenging activity of methanol extracts of Emblica officinalis (% of inhibition).
FIG. 5. Antioxidant activity of EC-09 extract (in vitro).
FIG. 6. In vitro Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of chromatographic fractions of methanol extract of Saxifraga ligulata (IC50 values).
FIG. 7. In vitro Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of chromatographic fractions of methanol extract of Saxifraga ligulata (% of inhibition).
FIG. 8. In vitro Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of solvent-solvent fractions of methanol extract of Saxifraga ligulata (IC50 values).
FIG. 9. In vitro Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of solvent-solvent fractions of methanol extract of Saxifraga ligulata (% of inhibition).
FIG. 10. Tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activity of EC-09 extract (in vitro).
FIG. 11. Group I (Control) mice showing no melanin pigmentation.
FIG. 12. Group II (Positive control) mice exposed to ultraviolet light showing high degree of melanin pigmentation.
FIG. 13. Group III (Treated) mice treated with UE cream and exposed to UV light showing mild melanin pigmentation.
FIG. 14. Diagram showing opinion of patients on efficacy of under eye cream.
 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The present invention involves the selection of various herbs and obtaining extract by subjecting the same to solvent extraction and screening of these extracts for tyrosinase and hyaluronidase enzymes inhibitory activities and antioxidant activity in vitro. The invention also involves preparation of a cosmeceutical composition using the effective herbal extracts in a particular ratio and other cosmeceutically acceptable carriers and evaluation of its skin lightening activity in rats. The present cosmeceutical composition is effective for prevention and treatment of under eye dark circles, under eye wrinkles, under eye bags, free radical damage around the skin of eye, hyper pigmentation around the eye, inflammation or puffiness around the eye in human beings.
Saxifraga ligulata syn. Bergenia ligulata: A perennial herb with stout rootstock, found in the temperate Himalayas between altitudes of 900 and 3,000 m. Leaves variable, 5-35 cm long, coarsely hairy, sparsely hairy to glabrous, broadly obovate or elliptic; flowers white, pink or purple, in long cymose panicles.
The dried rhizomes constitute the drug Paashaanabheda. The name Paashaanabheda is attributed to about a dozen plants belonging to different genera, but the drug in the Indian markets mainly consists of two closely related herbs (i) B. ciliata F. ciliata syn. Saxifraga ligulata auct, in part, non Wall.; S. ligulata Wall. var. ciliata (Royle) Hook. f. & Thoms.
The rhizome of S. ligulata contains an active principle, bergenin (0.6%), gallic acid, glucose (5.6%), mucilage and wax. The presence of β-sitosterol and four flavonoids is also reported. The rhizome is a source of tannin (14.2-16.3%) and of a dye (Jain & Gupta, 1962 J Indian Chem Soc 39:559; Gupta, 1971 J Bombay Nat Hist Soc 68:791; Bahl et al. 1974 Indian J Chem 12:1038; Shah et al. loc. cit.; Sarin & Kapoor, loc. cit.).
Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Syn. Phyllanthus emblica Linn. (Amla) belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae and is a small or medium-sized deciduous tree with smooth, greenish grey exfoliating bark. Leaves are feathery with small narrowly oblong, pinnately arranged leaflets. Fruits are depressed-globose, ½-1 inch in diameter, fleshy and obscurely 6-lobed, containing trigonous seeds.
Amla fruit is probably the richest known natural source of vitamin C. The fruit juice contains nearly 20 times as much vitamin C as orange juice and a single fruit is equal in antiscorbutic value to one or two oranges. A tannin containing gallic acid, ellagic acid and glucose in its molecule and naturally present in the fruit prevents or retards the oxidation of the vitamin and renders the fruit a valuable antiscorbutic in the fresh as well as dry condition.
Cipadessa baccifera (Roth) Miq. Syn. C. fruticosa Blume, a genus of shrubs or small trees belongs to the family Meliaceae and distributed in the Indo-Malaysian region. C. baccifera is a much-branched shrub up to 2.5 m in height with imparipinnate leaves, elliptic lanceolate leaflets, small white flowers in axillary corymbose panicles, and red globose berries, commonly found in parts of South India. The roots are used against tapeworms. The leaves make a poor fodder. The wood is used as fuel (Bressers, 27; Laurie, 1945 Indian For. Leafl. 82:13).
Example 1 Preparation of Saxifraga ligulata Extract by Percolation Method
The shade dried rhizomes of Saxifraga ligulata were pulverized to coarse powder and about 1 Kg each of powdered material placed in different percolators and the material was soaked in n-hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, methanol and water at room temperature for 24 h to 48 h then plant extracts were drained out from the percolator and filtered through Whatmann no. 1 filter paper. The percolation of the residual material was again carried out with respective solvents and the combined solvent extract was concentrated to dryness on rotatory evaporator or on steam bath at optimum temperature and under reduced pressure.
Example 2 Preparation of Saxifraga ligulata Extract by Hot-Soxlation Method
The shade dried rhizomes of Saxifraga ligulata were pulverized to coarse powder and about 1 Kg each of the powdered material subjected to hot-soxlation in different soxhalate apparatus using solvents n-hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol and methanol at optimum temperature until extraction was completed, then plant extracts were filtered through Whatmann no. 1 filter paper and concentrated to dryness on rotatory evaporator or on steam bath at optimum temperature. All extracts were qualitatively similar to extracts prepared by percolation method.
Example 3 Solvent-Solvent Fractionation of Saxifraga ligulata Methanol Extract
About 10 g of methanolic extract of Saxifraga ligulata was macerated with n-hexane, n-hexane-chloroform (1:1), chloroform, chloroform-methanol (90:10), chloroform-methanol (80:20), chloroform-methanol (70:30), chloroform-methanol (50:50), chloroform-methanol (25:75) and methanol successively to yield hexane fraction (0.2 g), n-hexane-chloroform (50:50) fraction (0.34 g), chloroform fraction (0.46), chloroform-methanol (90:10) fraction (0.8 g), chloroform-methanol (80:20) fraction (1.2 g) (TR-1), chloroform-methanol (70:30) fraction (1.1 g) (TR-2), chloroform-methanol (50:50) fraction (2.8 g) (TR-11), chloroform-methanol (25:75) (TR-3) fraction (1.5 g) and methanol fraction (1.4 g).
Example 4 Process of Obtaining Active Fraction by Column Chromatography
About 1.5 Kg of methanol extract of Saxifraga ligulata was suspended in 10 L of methanol and slurry was prepared with 4 Kg of silica gel (60-120 mesh). The column was packed in Chloroform:Methanol (80:20) with 10 kg of silica gel. The column was then eluted with 15 L of Chloroform:Methanol (80:20) (T3), 8 L of Chloroform:Methanol (60:40) (T2), 16 L of Chloroform:Methanol (50:50) (T1), 14 L of Chloroform:Methanol (25:75) (T5) and 15 L of Methanol (100) (T4) to obtain active fraction (Chloroform: Methanol 50:50) with the yield of 27% (405 g from 1.5 Kg).
Example 5 A Process of Obtaining Active Fraction by Direct Extraction from the Rhizomes of Saxifraga ligulata
A pilot scale experiment for the extraction of 2 kg of rhizomes of Saxifraga ligulata was carried out to obtain direct active fraction from the raw material in cost effective manner as follows.
About 2 kg each of raw material was placed in two different percolators
In the first percolator, 5 L of Chloroform:Methanol (80:20) solvent mixture was added and kept for 48 hours with occasional stirring. This extraction was repeated twice and the combined C:M (80:20) extractions were concentrated to dryness on a rotatory evaporator at optimum temperature to yield extract (TR-12).
The residual material from the first percolator was air dried and immersed with 5 L of Choom:Methanol (50:50) solvent mixture for 48 hours with occasional stirring. This extraction was repeated twice and the combined C:M (50:50) extractions were concentrated to dryness on a rotatory evaporator at optimum temperature to yield extract (TR-13).
In the second percolator, 5 L of Chloroform:Methanol (50:50) solvent mixture was added and kept for 48 hours with occasional stirring. This extraction was repeated twice and the combined C:M (50:50) extractions were concentrated to dryness on a rotatory evaporator at optimum temperature to yield extract (TR-14).
The residual material from the second percolator was air dried and immersed with 5 L of Choom:Methanol (80:20) solvent mixture for 48 hours with occasional stirring. This extraction was repeated twice and the combined C:M (80:20) extractions were concentrated to dryness on a rotatory evaporator at optimum temperature to yield extract (TR-15).
The residual material after shade drying was again extracted with 5 L of methanol by percolation method twice and the combined methanol extractions were concentrated to dryness on a rotatory evaporator at optimum temperature to yield extract (TR-16).
Example 6 Chemical Analysis of Saxifraga ligulata Extract
Thin Layer Chromatography was performed over precoated TLC plates (Merck) and samples of 50 μL, 100 μL (50 mg in 1 ml solution) were applied and run in the mobile phase of Methanol:Ethyl acetate:Acetic acid (75:24:0.1). The plates were then air dried and sprayed with 1% alcoholic FeCl3 solution. A dark brown spots were visualized confirming the presence of phenolic compounds.
HPLC Analysis of Saxifraga ligulata Extract and Active Fractions
All samples from the extracts and fractions of Saxifraga ligulata were prepared at the concentration of 1 mg/ml in methanol (HPLC grade) as working standard. Other HPLC conditions are as follows:
HPLC (Shimadzu) LC-8 with PDA detector
Column: Reverse Phase, C-18
Mobile Phase: 0.1% Phosphoric acid in Water:Acetonitrile (80:20)
Flow Rate: 0.8 ml/min.
UV: λmax 254 nm
Example 7 Preparation of Emblica officinalis Extracts by Percolation Method
The shade dried fruits of Emblica officinalis were pulverized to a coarse powder and 3 kg each of the powdered material was placed in three percolators.
The first percolator containing 3 Kg of material was subjected to successive extractions with 10 L of n-hexane, 10 L of Chloroform, 10 L of Methanol and 10 L of Water. Each solvent extraction was repeated twice and concentrated to dryness on Rotatory evaporator at optimum temperature to yield n-Hexane extract (PH-01 A), Chloroform extract (PH-01 D), Methanol extract (PH-01G) and Water extract (PH-01 I).
The second percolator containing 3 Kg of material was subjected to successive extractions with 10 L of Chloroform, 10 L of Methanol and 10 L of Water. Each solvent extraction was repeated twice and combined extractions were concentrated to dryness on Rotatory evaporator at optimum temperature to yield Chloroform extract (PH-01 B), Methanol extract (PH-01 E) and Water extract (PH-01 H).
The third percolator containing 3 Kg of material was subjected to successive extractions with 10 L of Methanol and 10 L of Water. Each solvent extraction was repeated twice and combined extractions were concentrated to dryness on Rotatory evaporator at optimum temperature to yield Methanol extract (PH-01 C) and Water extract (PH-01 F).
Example 8 Preparation of Extract from Cipadessa baccifera by Percolation Method
The dried aerial parts of Cipadessa baccifera were pulverized to a coarse powder and 3 Kg each of powdered material was placed in three percolators. The first percolator containing 3 Kg of material was subjected to successive extractions with 10 L of n-hexane, 10 L of dichloromethane, 10 L of chloroform, 10 L of ethyl acetate, 10 L of methanol and 10 L of water. Each extraction was repeated twice and the combined extractions were concentrated to dryness on rotatory evaporator at optimum temperature and under reduced pressure to yield n-hexane extract (CP-01 A), dichloromethane extract (CP-01 B) chloroform extract (CP-01 C), ethyl acetate extract (CP-01 D), methanol extract (CP-01 E) and water extract (CP-01 F).
The second percolator containing 3 Kg of material was subjected to successive extractions with 10 L of acetone, 10 L of methanol and 10 L of water. Each extraction was repeated twice and the combined extractions were concentrated to dryness on rotatory evaporator at optimum temperature to yield acetone extract (CP-01 G), methanol extract (CP-01 H) and water extract (CP-01 I).
The third percolator containing 3 Kg of material was subjected to extraction with 10 L of double distilled water and the extraction was repeated twice. The combined extractions were concentrated to dryness on a water bath at optimum temperature to yield water extract (CP-01 J).
Example 9 Preparation of Herbal Composition for Under Eye Cream
Under Eye Cream actives composition EC-01
Saxifraga ligulata Methanol extract 45.00 g
Emblica officinalis Methanol extract 35.00 g
Cippadessa baccifera Water extract 20.00 g
(for 100 g of actives composition)
Example 10
Under Eye Cream actives composition EC-02
Saxifraga ligulata Active fraction (TR-1) 55.00 g
Emblica officinalis Methanol extract 25.00 g
Cippadessa baccifera Water extract 20.00 g
(For 100 g of actives composition)
Example 11
Under Eye Cream actives composition EC-03
Saxifraga ligulata Active fraction (TR-2) 45.00 g
Emblica officinalis Methanol extract 35.00 g
Cippadessa baccifera Water extract 20.00 g
(For 100 g of actives composition)
Example 12
Under Eye Cream actives composition EC-09
Saxifraga ligulata Active fraction (T1) 43.47 g
Emblica officinalis Methanol extract 34.80 g
Cippadessa baccifera Water extract 21.73 g
(For 100 g of actives composition)
Example 13 Antioxidant Activity of Emblica officinalis Extracts by DPPH Method
The free radical scavenging activity of the Emblica extract was measured in terms of hydrogen donating or radical-scavenging ability using the stable radical DPPH.
Reagents
1. DPPH 0.1 mM: A primary stock of 4 mg/ml was prepared, from this secondary stock was prepared by diluting primary stock 1:10 with ethanol.
2. Drug stock: 1 mg/ml stock of Emblica extracts in DM water was prepared.
Procedure
100 μl of 0.1 mM solution of DPPH in ethanol was added to 100 μl of extract solution in water at different concentrations (The stock sample solutions were serially diluted with respective solvents to obtain lower dilutions). Thirty minutes later, the absorbance was measured at 517 nm. Lower absorbance of the reaction mixture indicates higher free radical scavenging activity. Butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) was used as standard. The capability to scavenge the DPPH radical was calculated using the following equation:
DPPH ⁢ ⁢ Scavenged ⁢ ⁢ ( % ) = ( A cont - A test ) A cont × 100
Where, Acont is the absorbance of the control reaction and Atest is the absorbance in the presence of the sample of the extracts.
The antioxidant activity of the extract is expressed as IC50. The IC50 value is defined as the concentration (in μg/ml) of extracts that inhibits the formation of DPPH radicals by 50%. The activity results are summarized in FIGS. 1 and 4.
Example 14 Antioxidant Activity of UE Extract
All established methods for the measurement of total antioxidant activity are essentially inhibition methods: a free radical species is generated; there is an end point by which the presence of the radical is detected. The antioxidant activity of the added sample, which inhibits the end point by scavenging the radical, is measured. The Luminol/H 2 02 system is reliable and practical for measuring total antioxidant activity. Luminol-dependent chemoluminescence was used for registration of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the presence of antioxidant reductants and hydrogen donors the radical is quenched and chemiluminescence is inhibited.
Reagents and Materials
Luminol, Hydrogen peroxide-10 mM and Phosphate buffer: pH-7.
Example 15 The Total Antioxidant Activity Assay
In a 96 well plate, each well was loaded with 100 μl of phosphate buffer. The test drug at different concentrations was added to each well except the first well, which was served as positive control. 100 μl of 1.0 mM luminol in 0.1 N NaOH was added to all the wells. Initial chemiluminescence i.e. before adding H 2 02 was recorded. Accurately 25 μl of 10 mM H 2 02 was added to the wells to initiate the reaction and chemiluminescence was recorded for 4-5 sec. in a flash mode. The results are summarized in FIG. 5.
Example 16 Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity Assay
Reagents
1. Phosphate buffer 0.5 M, pH-6.8: Weigh 3.060 g of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and 3.479 g of disodium hydrogen phosphate, dissolve and make up the volume to 100 ml with DM water. Adjust the pH if required.
2. L-DOPA (2.55 mM): Weigh 10 mg of L-DOPA, dissolve and make up the volume to 20 ml in 0.5M Phosphate buffer, pH-6.8.
3. Tyrosinase Enzyme: Prepare 60 u/ml enzyme in 0.5 M Phosphate buffer, pH-6.8.
4. Sample solution: Stock of 1 mg/ml is prepared in 0.5 M Phosphate buffer pH-6.8.
Procedure
To 100 μl of the sample solution (for control and blank tubes taken 100 μl of buffer) 50 μl of Tyrosinase enzyme was added and the reaction was initiated by adding 50 μl of L-DOPA, (for blank tubes added buffer). The reaction kinetics were recorded for 30 min at 475 nm. The OD change was calculated.
Tyrosinase ⁢ ⁢ Inhibition ⁢ ⁢ ( % ) = ( A cont - A test ) A cont × 100
Where, Acont is the absorbance change of the control reaction and Atest is the absorbance change in the presence of the sample of the extracts.
The inhibitory activity of the extract is expressed as IC50. The IC50 value is defined as the concentration (in μg/ml) of extracts that inhibited the enzyme activity by 50%. The results are given in FIGS. 6-10.
Example 17 Hyaluronidase Inhibitory Activity
This assay was carried out in 96 well micro plate. Drug solutions were serially diluted with 0.02 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.9) in the well and 30 μl of hyaluronic acid (1 mg/ml) was added as a substrate. Plate was read at 595 nm to record the initial reading. The mixture was incubated with freshly prepared hyaluronidase enzyme (30 μl, 200 IU/ml in 0.02 M sodium phosphate buffer with 1 mg BSA/ml) at 37° C. for 20 minutes. Then the reaction was stopped by adding 200 μl acid albumin solution (Acid Albumin Solution pH 3.72-3.78). It was allowed for 20 minutes at room temperature and read at 595 nm.
Example 18 Skin-Lightening Activity of UE Extract
Materials and Methods
DBA/2 mice of either sex weighing 20-25 grams were selected for the study. The animals were housed in polypropylene cages and were given free access to pelleted feed and water. A 12-hr light/dark cycle was maintained. The mice were divided into three groups, each comprising of six animals.
Procedure
Group I animals served as normal age matched controls with no exposure to UV light.
Group II animals were exposed to UV light for 20 minutes daily.
Group III animals were applied with UE cream on the dorsal region and exposed to UV light for 20 minutes daily.
Group IV animals were applied with competitor cream on the dorsal region and exposed to UV light for 20 minutes daily.
The mice were lightly anesthetized with ether and the hair on the back (dorsal region) was cleanly shaven. All the mice were exposed to UV light by using a UV sun lamp for 20 minutes daily, for duration of 15 days. The skin response was examined through out the study period. The degree of tanning was scored in the following grade and photographs were taken.
Exposure of mice skin to UV irradiation resulted in significant increase in melanin synthesis in Group II animals as compared to Group I animals (non UV irradiation). Daily application of UE cream offered a very good protection against UV induced melanin pigmentation (Group III) and was found to be almost equivalent to competitor's product (Group IV). The photographs of mice are given as FIG. 11 to 13.
Example 19 Clinical Trials of Under Eye Cream for Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy
To evaluate the dermal safety and efficacy of Under Eye Cream in humans, a clinical study was carried out among the outpatients in The Apollo Hospital Chennai. Twenty two healthy volunteers (3 male and 19 female) of age group 20 to 50 years were selected from the outpatient Cosmetology Clinic of Apollo Hospital Chennai for wrinkles under the eye, laxity of the muscles below the eye or dark black circles around the eye.
At the time of entry into the study, the following parameters—wrinkles under the eye, laxity, dark circles around the eye were assessed and scored on a scale of 0-3 as 0=None; 1=Mild; 2=Moderate and 3=Severe. Based on this, overall severity was assessed. They were then supplied with the treatment materials with instruction to apply two times per
day below the eye for a period of 28 days. They were then followed at 15 day intervals. During each visit to the hospital, the signs and symptoms were assessed and scored as before. In addition, the refreshing effect of the cream, cleansing effect as well as soothing effect were scored on a scale of 0-3 as 0=None; 1=Mild; 2=Good and 3=Excellent. Erythema and edema if any were assessed and scored.
At the end of the study the patient was asked to give their overall impression about therapy by taking into account both the efficacy tolerability and safety of the formulation as follows:
    • −1=Poor (The condition became worse)
    • 0=Fair (Less than 50% relief from signs and symptoms)
    • 1=Good (50 to 74% relief from signs and symptoms)
    • 2=Very good (75 to 90% relief from signs and symptoms and
    • 3=Excellent (More than 90% relief)
The overall impression about therapy is given in FIG. 14.
To evaluate the ocular safety, CT scan of the eye was done on all the 22 volunteers before commencement of the study and after completion of the study. CT study revealed no abnormality in any of the volunteers. The formulation was tolerated well by all the volunteers and none of the volunteers reported either erythema or pruritus.
Based on the above findings, it is concluded that The Under-Eye Cream developed from the present invention is safe and effective. However evaluations in larger number of patients with longer periods of follow-up are warranted.
While this invention has been described in detail with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to those precise embodiments. Rather, in view of the present disclosure, which describes the current best mode for practicing the invention, many modifications and variations would present themselves to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of this invention.

Claims (8)

1. An herbal composition for application to skin around eyes comprising an extract obtained from rhizomes of the plant Saxifraga ligulata syn. Bergenia ligulata, an extract obtained from the aerial parts of the plant Cipadessa baccifera and an extract obtained from the fruits of the plant Emblica officinalis and a cosmeceutically acceptable excipient, wherein the extract of Saxifraga ligulata is a methanol extract or chloroform:methanol extract, the extract of Cipadessa baccifera is a water extract and the extract of Emblica offcinalis is a methanol extract.
2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said extract of Saxifraga ligulata is obtained employing methanol.
3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said extracts are in the ratio of 45 (Saxifraga ligulata): 35 (Emblica officinalis): 20 (Cippadesa baccifera).
4. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is in the form of a topical composition selected from the group consisting of a cream, gel, lotion, oil, stick or spray.
5. A method for the treatment of a patient suffering from under eye dark circles, under eye wrinkles, under eye bags, a free radical damage of the skin around eye, hyper pigmentation around the eye, inflammation or puffiness around the eye, comprising applying the composition of claim 1 to said patient.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein said composition inhibits the enzyme Tyrosinase and the enzyme Hyaluronidase.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the composition is applied after treatment for under eye dark circles, under eye wrinkles, under eye bags, a free radical damage of the skin around eye, hyper pigmentation around the eye, inflammation or puffiness around the eye with said composition.
8. A method of improving the skin around eyes of a patient comprising applying the composition of claim 1 to the patient.
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