US770554A

US770554A - Galse de constructions mecaniques

Info

Publication number: US770554A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1904-09-20
Anticipated expiration: 1921-09-20

Description

No. 770,554. PATENTED SEPT. 20, 1904.

A. BOUGAULT. PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING GA$.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 17, 1903.

NO MODEL v 3 SHEETSSHEBT 1 No. 770,554. PATENTED SEPT. 20, 1904.

A. BOUGAULT.

PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING GAS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 17, 1903.

NO MODEL 3 SHEETSSHEET 2.

No. 770,554. PATENTED SEPT. 20, 1904.

A. BOUGAULT.

PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING GAS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 17. 1903.

NO MODEL. 3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

WM i? Nrrnn STATES Patented September 20, 1904.

ATENT rricn.

(QAISE DE CONSTRUCTIONS MECANIQUES,

GAIL,) OF PARIS, FRANCE.

(ANGIENS ETABLISSEMENTS PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING GAS.

SPEGIFIGATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 770,554, dated September 20, 1904.

Application filed June 17, 1903. Serial No. 161,933. (No specimens.)

T all whont it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ALFRED BOUGAULT, engineer, a citizen of the French Republic, residing at Paris, Department of the Seine, France,

(whose post-office address is 21 Rue de Londres, in the said city, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Manufacture of Poor Gas, of which the following is a specification.

[0 This invention has for its object to provide a producer for use in the manufacture of poor gas for heating or motive power purposes, which apparatus is capable of utilizing fuel of all kinds, and especially coal, which yields a fusible residue.

In accordance with this invention the gasproducer is provided with means such that the temperature in any part of the producer is prevented from exceeding 1,200 or 1,300

centigrade, so that the fusion of the residue (resulting in the production of clinker) is avoided. This result is obtained by supplying the lower part of the combustion-chamber with gas mixed with the air in such proportion that (its temperature being taken into account) the gaseous products and solid resi' dues of the combustion do not attain such temperature as would cause the production of clinker. The gas which is used is that produced in the gas-producer, the proportion of such gas beinggreatly in excess of that which would form with the air with which it is mixed, an entirely combustible mixture. This gas may be derived from the same or 3 5 from another gas-producer and previous to use may be stored or not in a gas-holder. When the gas is taken from the same gasproducer, a by-pass channel or by-pass channels takes or take the gas from the producer 4 at a point above the solid fuel therein and opens or open into the lower part of the producer. The air being mixed with the gas in the said channel or channels, the motion of the gas and air is maintained in the channel or channels and the velocity thereof adjustable by any suitable means. For example, a fan may be used or the air previously compressed may by means of an injector be forced with the gas into the furnace. The admission of air to the gas thus derived from the producer may cause the combustion of a portion of this gas before the mixture reaches the solid fuel. This portion cannot exceed that which depends on the proportion of the air, for the gas is always in excess; but it remains under this limit or comes nearer to it according as the arrangement of the apparatus, the regulation of the temperature in the various parts of the producer, the amount of water, or the rate of working oppose or fa- 6o cilitate combustion. If this premature combination reaches the limit, the gasification of the solid fuel is effected solely by a reduction pr0cessthat is to say, instead of the oxidizing and reducing zones which ordinarily succeed each other in the combustion of coal there is a reducing zone only. The water which it is advisable to allow to take part in the reactions occurring within the producer in a proportion depending on the nature of the fuel and the kind of gas to be obtained is introduced into the by-pass channel or channels either as steam or in the liquid state, the temperature of the by-pass channel or channels being sufficient to evaporate the water. When a fan is employed to promote the circulation of the gases, water in the liquid state may be introduced at the fan itself, so as to reduce the heating of the working parts of the fan which come in contact with the gases.

The whole of the gas-producer may be maintained at a pressure that is greater or less than that of the atmosphere (according as it is desired to regulate the output of the produced gas) by means either of a second fan forcing air into the producer or of a suction apparatus (fan, pump, or the like) drawing the produced gas from the producer and forcing it into the gas-holder or into the mains for utilization, or if the gas-producer be used for 9 supplying gas to a gas-motor the eflect can be gained by the suction-strokes of the gasmotor. Whatever arrangement be adopted in this respect the mixture, consisting of the gas taken from the upper part of the producer, the air introduced thereinto, the products of the partial combustion which this introduction of air may have caused, and the water, more or less completely evaporated, must penetrate the solid fuel at the base thereof throughout a large surface, so that notwithstanding the pulverulent character of the ash or residue the resistance to penetration is not too' great. For this purpose the lower part of the producer is provided with an internal arched recess or several such recesses into which the solid fuel and ash or residue spread and form an incline or inclines. The parts of the recess or recesses bounded at the upper part by the arch or arches and at the sides by the wall or walls of the producer and the inclined wall or walls of the solid fuel and ash or residue constitute an inclosure or inclosures which is or are protected from external cooling influences and into which the by-pass channel or channels opens or open.

The improved gas-producer according to this invention differs from producers in which the combustion is promoted by blowing air.

into the lower part of the fuel and taking the gas (containing the products of distillation of the fuel) from the upper part of the gas-producer and returning it to the fuel at a higher level. The latter arrangement has for its object to effect the dissociation of the tar, and if it at the same time cools the mass of fuel it does it only above the level at which the gas is returned, the high-temperature Zone in which the clinker is formed existing still below the said level. The system according to this invention is entirely different, as it does not permit the combustion to take place at a high temperature in any part of the producer, because the air is diluted by a large excess of gas. The gas-producer according to this invention also differs from producers in which in order to avoid external losses of combustible gases while the producer is being charged or the fire is raked the escaping gases are turned onto the blast-mains through a steamblower. Considering the quantity of steam which the gas producer can receive, the quantity of gas that can be thus admixed with the air-blastis quite insufficient to produce a perceptible lowering in the temperature.

When several gas-producers are connected so as to form a set, they may be so arranged that one part of them supplies only the gas intended to be diluted with air for the whole set, while the other producers are alone connected to the recei ving-mains for the produced gas. The producers may also when they are connected each separately to the external mains be provided with a single by-pass channel common to all of them and taking the gas from the upper part of each producer and opening into the lower part of the several producers, the introduction of the air and the addition of water being effected in an apparatus common to all the producers.

The accompanying vertical sections show a few arrangements (merely by way of example) of the improved gas-producer in accordance with this invention.

Figure 1 shows a gas-producer the shaft of which is made narrower at its lower part a than above, this narrower part being followed by a gradual enlargement b. The mixture of air and gas is kept in motion by the action of a fan 0, drawing gases from the upper part of the producer and forcing them into a passage or passages, such as at d, which opens or open into a space immediately below the narrow part a of the producer-shaft.

Figs. 2 and 3 show another arrangement of the lower part of the gas-producer. The two arched spaces a e, which cause the fuel and ash or residue to spread and form inclines, are diametrically opposite each other and above the openings for the introduction of the mixture of air and gas.

In the arrangement shown in Fig. f the gasproducer receives from an external apparatus the gaseous mixture required to maintain the combustion and is provided with only one lower arched space 9, leaving on each side thereof a passage for the descent of the fuel and ash or residue, the circulation of the mixture of air and gas being effected by a compressed-air injector or injectors f.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is- 1. The hereinbefore-described process of manufacturing poor gas, which consists in mixing gas-producer gas with atmospheric air, the proportion of such gas being in excess to that of the air, and then in forcing the mixture into the solid fuel in a gas-producer at substantially the base of such solid fuel.

'2. The hereinbefore-described process of manufacturing poor gas, which consists in removing the gas above the fuel from a gas-producer, mixing such gas with atmospheric air, the proportion of gas being in excess to that of the air, and then in forcing the mixture into the solid fuel in said gas-producer at substantially the base thereof.

3. The hereinbefore described process, which consists in mixing gas-producer gas with atmospheric air, the proportion of gas being in excess to that of the air, and then in forcing the mixture, in the presence of a suitable hydrating agent, into the solid fuel in a gas-producer, at substantially the base of said solid fuel.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ALFRED BOUGAULT. [L. s]

Witnesses:

J. ALLIsoN BOWEN, EMILE Know.