US768774A - Construction of frozen walls for shafts in mines. - Google Patents

Construction of frozen walls for shafts in mines. Download PDF

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Publication number
US768774A
US768774A US18578903A US1903185789A US768774A US 768774 A US768774 A US 768774A US 18578903 A US18578903 A US 18578903A US 1903185789 A US1903185789 A US 1903185789A US 768774 A US768774 A US 768774A
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pipe
shafts
conduit
construction
mines
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US18578903A
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Karl Schmidt
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/11—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil by thermal, electrical or electro-chemical means
    • E02D3/115—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil by thermal, electrical or electro-chemical means by freezing

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a process of forming frozen walls for shafts in such a manner that the freezing liquid is thoroughlyutilized and an equal freezing temperature is obtained within the freezing-tubes. In this way a reliable and uniformly-frozen wall is formed, under the protection of which the shaft may be sunk.
  • Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of an apparatus for carrying my invention into effect; Fig. 2, a similar view of a modification, and Fig. 3 a plan of a shaft constructed according to my invention.
  • I sink a series of vertical conduits in a circle around the shaft to be constructed.
  • Each conduit is composed of an outer pipe (6 and an inner pipe 7), the pipes communicating with each other near the bottom of the conduit.
  • the pipe (4 of one conduit is connected by a branch to the pipe Z; of a second conduit.
  • the pipe (4 of this second conduit is connected to a pipe I) of a third conduit, &c.
  • the freezing medium* such as liquid carbonic acid, ammonia, sulfurous acid, &c.is c nveyed from a compressor (not shown) to the mouth of one of the pipes I).
  • the freezing medium will descend within this pipe and enter pipe (0 at the bottom of the conduit. Thence it passes upwardly through pipe (4 to the pipe 6 of the second conduit, and so on through the series.
  • the conduits In order to form a uniform frozen wall, I arrange the conduits in a plurality of overlapping groups. l/Vith the construction shown in Fig. 3 the pipe at of the first conduit is coupled to the pipe 6 of the fifth conduit, while the pipe (I of such fifth conduit is coupled to the pipe 7/ of the ninth conduit, &c. In like manner the second, sixth, tenth, &c., conduits are connected and the third, seventh, eleventh,
  • the freezing medium circulating through the above groups of conmunicating tubes will progressively expand as it absorbs heat.
  • the vapors which are formed during this process will escape from the last tube of each group to be reconveyed to the compressor.
  • the freezing efiect of one group of conduits will be reinforced by that of another overlapping group, so that soft or unfrozen zones or spaces are avoided.
  • the freezing medium will flow more regularly through the series of connected pipes than it would through a large number of single pipes, as was heretofore practiced.
  • the conduits are composed of two pipes a and b, which are arranged side by side andcommunicate with each other at the bottom by an elbow.
  • the freezing medium is conveyed to the first pipe 6 of one group, whence it passes through pipe at to the pipe 6 of a second conduit, as already described.
  • WVhat I claim is a 1. Improved means for forming frozen walls for shafts embracing a plurality of groups of connected freezing-tubes, and a freezing medium conveyed through said groups, substantially as specified.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)

Description

PATENTED AUG. 30, 1904.
I K. SCHMIDT. CONSTRUCTION OF FROZEN WALLS FOR SHAFTS IN MINES APPLICATION FILED DEC. 19, 1903.
N0 MODEL.
. llllpkIil IlNirEn STATES Patented August 30, 1904.
Parnr Caries.
KARL SCHMIDT, OF ERKELFNZ, GERMANY.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 768,774, dated August 30, 1904. I
Application filed December 19, 1903. Serial No. 185,789. (No model.)
To all whom, it may concern.-
Be it known that I, KARL ScI-IMIDT, a citizen of Germany, residing at Erkelenz, Rhineland, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Construction of Frozen lValls for Shafts in Mines, of which the following is a specification.
This invention relates to a process of forming frozen walls for shafts in such a manner that the freezing liquid is thoroughlyutilized and an equal freezing temperature is obtained within the freezing-tubes. In this way a reliable and uniformly-frozen wall is formed, under the protection of which the shaft may be sunk.
In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of an apparatus for carrying my invention into effect; Fig. 2, a similar view of a modification, and Fig. 3 a plan of a shaft constructed according to my invention.
In practicing my invention I sink a series of vertical conduits in a circle around the shaft to be constructed. Each conduit is composed of an outer pipe (6 and an inner pipe 7), the pipes communicating with each other near the bottom of the conduit. At its upper end the pipe (4 of one conduit is connected by a branch to the pipe Z; of a second conduit. The pipe (4 of this second conduit is connected to a pipe I) of a third conduit, &c.
The freezing medium*such as liquid carbonic acid, ammonia, sulfurous acid, &c.is c nveyed from a compressor (not shown) to the mouth of one of the pipes I). The freezing medium will descend within this pipe and enter pipe (0 at the bottom of the conduit. Thence it passes upwardly through pipe (4 to the pipe 6 of the second conduit, and so on through the series.
In order to form a uniform frozen wall, I arrange the conduits in a plurality of overlapping groups. l/Vith the construction shown in Fig. 3 the pipe at of the first conduit is coupled to the pipe 6 of the fifth conduit, while the pipe (I of such fifth conduit is coupled to the pipe 7/ of the ninth conduit, &c. In like manner the second, sixth, tenth, &c., conduits are connected and the third, seventh, eleventh,
&c., conduits, &c. The freezing medium circulating through the above groups of conmunicating tubes will progressively expand as it absorbs heat. The vapors which are formed during this process will escape from the last tube of each group to be reconveyed to the compressor. By the arrangement described the freezing efiect of one group of conduits will be reinforced by that of another overlapping group, so that soft or unfrozen zones or spaces are avoided. Furthermore, the freezing medium will flow more regularly through the series of connected pipes than it would through a large number of single pipes, as was heretofore practiced.
It is of advantage that all the tubes, as Well as the couplings, have a uniform diameter. This insures that the wet Vapors, which gradually expand, as above stated, will flow through the pipes with a constantly-increasing velocity, whereby a uniform transmission of cold through the Walls of the pipes is obtained.
In Fig. 2 the conduits are composed of two pipes a and b, which are arranged side by side andcommunicate with each other at the bottom by an elbow. The freezing medium is conveyed to the first pipe 6 of one group, whence it passes through pipe at to the pipe 6 of a second conduit, as already described.
WVhat I claim is a 1. Improved means for forming frozen walls for shafts embracing a plurality of groups of connected freezing-tubes, and a freezing medium conveyed through said groups, substantially as specified.
2. Improved means for forming frozen walls for shafts embracing a plurality of overlapping groups, I each composed of connected freezing-tubes, and a freezing medium conveyed through said groups, substantially as specified.
In Witness whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name in the presence of two witnessess.
KARL SCHMIDT.
- l/Vitnesses:
WILLIAM EssENwnIN, PETER LIEBER.
US18578903A 1903-12-19 1903-12-19 Construction of frozen walls for shafts in mines. Expired - Lifetime US768774A (en)

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2645093A (en) * 1947-06-23 1953-07-14 Daxelhofer Jean Pierre Apparatus for congelation of ground
US3183675A (en) * 1961-11-02 1965-05-18 Conch Int Methane Ltd Method of freezing an earth formation
US3271962A (en) * 1964-07-16 1966-09-13 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Mining process
US3354656A (en) * 1964-05-01 1967-11-28 Mobil Oil Corp Method of forming an underground storage chamber
US3365894A (en) * 1966-03-09 1968-01-30 Puerto Rico Testing Services I Caisson construction
US3528252A (en) * 1968-01-29 1970-09-15 Charles P Gail Arrangement for solidifications of earth formations
US3943722A (en) * 1970-12-31 1976-03-16 Union Carbide Canada Limited Ground freezing method
US20200063391A1 (en) * 2017-05-11 2020-02-27 Vinci Construction Method and device for freezing a mass of soil

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2645093A (en) * 1947-06-23 1953-07-14 Daxelhofer Jean Pierre Apparatus for congelation of ground
US3183675A (en) * 1961-11-02 1965-05-18 Conch Int Methane Ltd Method of freezing an earth formation
US3354656A (en) * 1964-05-01 1967-11-28 Mobil Oil Corp Method of forming an underground storage chamber
US3271962A (en) * 1964-07-16 1966-09-13 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Mining process
US3365894A (en) * 1966-03-09 1968-01-30 Puerto Rico Testing Services I Caisson construction
US3528252A (en) * 1968-01-29 1970-09-15 Charles P Gail Arrangement for solidifications of earth formations
US3943722A (en) * 1970-12-31 1976-03-16 Union Carbide Canada Limited Ground freezing method
US20200063391A1 (en) * 2017-05-11 2020-02-27 Vinci Construction Method and device for freezing a mass of soil
US11091893B2 (en) * 2017-05-11 2021-08-17 Vinci Construction Method and device for freezing a mass of soil

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