US767110A - Method of making magnetic materials. - Google Patents
Method of making magnetic materials. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US767110A US767110A US21313004A US1904213130A US767110A US 767110 A US767110 A US 767110A US 21313004 A US21313004 A US 21313004A US 1904213130 A US1904213130 A US 1904213130A US 767110 A US767110 A US 767110A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- magnetic materials
- magnetic
- making magnetic
- cool
- silicon
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1216—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the working step(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1233—Cold rolling
Definitions
- My invention relates to the making of material having magnetic and electrical properties which render it suitable for use in various electrical apparatus, such as ballast-coils, transformer-plates, and the like.
- a material suitable for the above purposes can be produced by alloying iron with other elements, more particularly silicon, aluminium, and phosphorus. Material thus produced has a high permeability and electrical resistance and a low hysteresis quality, which advantageous qualities may be further increased by a treatment involving successive heating and cooling.
- a treatment involving successive heating and cooling I have discovered that when the material treated is in the nature of thin sheets the process requires considerable modification in order-to secure the best results.
- My present invention therefore has for its object the treatment of magnetic materials when in the form 01'' thin sheets or the like for the purpose of increasing the permeability and electrical resistance and decreas ing the hysteresis.
- the material produced by melting and rolling, as above described, has a high magnetic permeability, a high electrical resistance, and. a low hysteresis; but the process up to the point to which I have described it is not the subject of the present application.
- My present invention relates to the treatment, which I will now describe, to which 1 subject the magnetic material produced in accordance with the indications above given or any other analogous magnetic material of small thickness.
- My improved treatment is as follows: I first heat the sheet or other thin material to a temperature considerably below its meltingpoint-say about 800 centigrade and then allow it to cool, preferably quickly, as byeitposing the material to atmospheric air of ordinary temperature. Thereupon I reheat the material to a ten'lperature higher than that employed during the first heating, but still below the melting-point. A temperature of 950 ccntigrade, as indicated by the Uhatelier thermo-clectric couple in current practice, is well adapted for this purpose with a material oi the composition indicated above. Then the metal is allowed to cool very slowly, as by leaving it in a furnace, the cooling being often extended to lastseveral days.
- Another treatment consists in first heating this matcsuch as aluminium, phosphorus, and their combinations with each other or with silicon.
- Theherein-described methods of producing a magnetic material of high permeability and low hysteresis action which consists in alloying a magnetic substance with silicon, reducing the alloy to a thin body, heating such thin body to a temperature below its melting-point, allowing it to cool, reheating it to a temperature above that first employed, and again allowing it to cool.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
Description
Patented August 9, 190%.
PATENT OFFICE.
ROBERT A. HADFIELD, OF SHEFFIELD, ENGLAND.
METHOU til MAKING; MAGNE"I"IC) WIAT'EFHALIE.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 76?,110, dated August 9, 1904.
Application filed June 18, 1904. Serial No. 213,130, (No specimens.)
To all whom, it may concern.-
Be it known that 1, ROBERT Asno'rr HA1)- FIELD, a subject of the King of Great Britain, and a resident of EBhefIield, in the county of York, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods of Making Magnetic Materials, of which the following is a specification.
My invention relates to the making of material having magnetic and electrical properties which render it suitable for use in various electrical apparatus, such as ballast-coils, transformer-plates, and the like.
I have heretofore discovered that a material suitable for the above purposes can be produced by alloying iron with other elements, more particularly silicon, aluminium, and phosphorus. Material thus produced has a high permeability and electrical resistance and a low hysteresis quality, which advantageous qualities may be further increased by a treatment involving successive heating and cooling. In the further practice of the above invention I have discovered that when the material treated is in the nature of thin sheets the process requires considerable modification in order-to secure the best results.
My present invention therefore has for its object the treatment of magnetic materials when in the form 01'' thin sheets or the like for the purpose of increasing the permeability and electrical resistance and decreas ing the hysteresis.
As an example of my invention I will describe the following procedure: In a commen crucible or in an electrical crucible I melt pure iron with silicon or aluminium or phosphorus, employing a percentage of these additions varying from one-quarter of one per cent. to eight per cent. I may employ only one of the three elements mentioned or two of them or all three. Insteac l oi. the c.ru
cible process I may employ the decarbonized able ingots, which are then rolled into sheets in the usual manner. The exact composition of the alloy varies, but a typical exanu rlc contained the :lollowing percentages: 2.75 per cent. of silicon, .07 per cent. of carbon, ,08 percent. of manganese, .03 per cent. of suliur, .03 per cent. of phosphorus.
The material produced by melting and rolling, as above described, has a high magnetic permeability, a high electrical resistance, and. a low hysteresis; but the process up to the point to which I have described it is not the subject of the present application. My present invention relates to the treatment, which I will now describe, to which 1 subject the magnetic material produced in accordance with the indications above given or any other analogous magnetic material of small thickness.
My improved treatment is as follows: I first heat the sheet or other thin material to a temperature considerably below its meltingpoint-say about 800 centigrade and then allow it to cool, preferably quickly, as byeitposing the material to atmospheric air of ordinary temperature. Thereupon I reheat the material to a ten'lperature higher than that employed during the first heating, but still below the melting-point. A temperature of 950 ccntigrade, as indicated by the Uhatelier thermo-clectric couple in current practice, is well adapted for this purpose with a material oi the composition indicated above. Then the metal is allowed to cool very slowly, as by leaving it in a furnace, the cooling being often extended to lastseveral days.
rial to 950 centigrade and, if necessary, cooling in air, then reheatingitto 750 centigrade, and cooling slowlyin furnace. Either one or both of these treatments maybe repeated, or after the first treatment has been carried out the second type o'l heating may be repeated :lrequently. By these treatments I secure a very marked. increase of magnetic pari'miability and also a material decrease in hysteresis.
In sundry of the appended claims I have referred to a magnetic material containing silicon; but I desire it to be umlerstood that the term silicon is tocover equivalents,
Another treatment consists in first heating this matcsuch as aluminium, phosphorus, and their combinations with each other or with silicon.
What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is
1. Theherein-described methods of producing a magnetic material of high permeability and low hysteresis action, which consists in alloying a magnetic substance with silicon, reducing the alloy to a thin body, heating such thin body to a temperature below its melting-point, allowing it to cool, reheating it to a temperature above that first employed, and again allowing it to cool.
2. The herein-described methods of increasing the permeability and decreasing the hysteresis of magnetic materials when in the form of thin bodies, which consists in heating said bodies to a temperature below the melting-point, then allowing them to cool, then reheating to a temperature above that first employed, and again allowing them to cool.
3. The herein-described methods of increasing the permeability and decreasing the hysteresis of magnetic materials when in the form of thin bodies, which consists in heating said bodies to a temperature below the meltingpoint, then cooling them quickly, then reheating to a temperature above that first employed, and then allowing them to cool slowly.
4. The herein-described methods of producing a magnetic material of high permeability scribing witnesses.
R. A. HADFIELD. Witnesses:
EDWIN MORTIMER, H. MARTIN.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US21313004A US767110A (en) | 1904-06-18 | 1904-06-18 | Method of making magnetic materials. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US21313004A US767110A (en) | 1904-06-18 | 1904-06-18 | Method of making magnetic materials. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US767110A true US767110A (en) | 1904-08-09 |
Family
ID=2835596
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US21313004A Expired - Lifetime US767110A (en) | 1904-06-18 | 1904-06-18 | Method of making magnetic materials. |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2492016A (en) * | 1946-07-20 | 1949-12-20 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Magnet frame for dynamo-electric machines |
-
1904
- 1904-06-18 US US21313004A patent/US767110A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2492016A (en) * | 1946-07-20 | 1949-12-20 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Magnet frame for dynamo-electric machines |
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