US745829A - Magnetic composition and method of making same. - Google Patents
Magnetic composition and method of making same. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US745829A US745829A US16122803A US1903161228A US745829A US 745829 A US745829 A US 745829A US 16122803 A US16122803 A US 16122803A US 1903161228 A US1903161228 A US 1903161228A US 745829 A US745829 A US 745829A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- magnetic
- silicon
- per cent
- making same
- magnetic composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1272—Final recrystallisation annealing
Definitions
- My invention relates to material having magnetic and electrical properties suitable for use in various electrical apparatus, such as ballast-coils, transformer-plates, and the like.
- the object of my invention is to produce an improved material of this character having specially high permeability and electrical resistance and low hysteresis qualities.
- material of these desirable qualities can be produced by alloying iron with other elements, among which I will name silicon and aluminium, phosphorus also yielding satisfactory results, as well as combinations of two or three of these elements.
- I may proceed, for instance, as follows: I take pure Swedish or other suitable pure iron and melt this is a common crucible or electrically along with silicon or aluminium or phosphorus, employing a percentage of these additions varying from one-quarter of one per cent. to five per cent. As above stated, I may employ only one of the three elements mentioned or two of them, or all three. Instead of the crucible process I may employ the decarbonized or desiliconized iron produced by any steel-making process-such as the open-hearth, the pneumatic, or the electrical processadding to such iron the desired percentage of silicon, aluminium, or phosphorus. The molten alloy is poured into suitable ingots, which are, if desired, forged or rolled into the desired shape.
- composition of alloy produced I will refer to one actually manufactured by me, which contained 2.75 per cent. silicon, .07 per cent. carbon, .08 per cent. manganese, .03 per cent. sulfur, .03 per cent. phosphorus.
- the material produced as above described is valuable on account of its high magnetic permeability, its high electrical resistance,
- aluminium and phosphorus and their combinations with each other or with silicon are to be considered equivalents of silicon for the purposes of my invention,-as well as any other element or combination of elements which will produce the same result-to wit, a greater magnetic permeability, a higher electrical resistance, and a lower hysteresis quality than is exhibited by the purest commercial iron obtainable.
- the claims as hereunto appended while mentioning only silicon are to be understood as covering these equivalents.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
Description
Uuirnn STATES Patented December 1, 1903.
PATENT OFFICE.
MAGNETIC GOMPOSlTION AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME.
SPECZFIGATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 745,829, dated December 1, 1903.
Application filed Tune 12, 1903. Serial No. 161,228. (No s e imens.)
To all whom it may concern.-
Be it known that 1, ROBERT ABBOTT HAD- FIELD, a subject of the King of Great Britain, and a resident of Sheffield, county of York, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Magnetic Compositions and Methods of Making the Same, of which the following is a specification.
My invention relates to material having magnetic and electrical properties suitable for use in various electrical apparatus, such as ballast-coils, transformer-plates, and the like.
The object of my invention is to produce an improved material of this character having specially high permeability and electrical resistance and low hysteresis qualities. I have found that material of these desirable qualities can be produced by alloying iron with other elements, among which I will name silicon and aluminium, phosphorus also yielding satisfactory results, as well as combinations of two or three of these elements.
I may proceed, for instance, as follows: I take pure Swedish or other suitable pure iron and melt this is a common crucible or electrically along with silicon or aluminium or phosphorus, employing a percentage of these additions varying from one-quarter of one per cent. to five per cent. As above stated, I may employ only one of the three elements mentioned or two of them, or all three. Instead of the crucible process I may employ the decarbonized or desiliconized iron produced by any steel-making process-such as the open-hearth, the pneumatic, or the electrical processadding to such iron the desired percentage of silicon, aluminium, or phosphorus. The molten alloy is poured into suitable ingots, which are, if desired, forged or rolled into the desired shape.
As an example of the exact composition of alloy produced I will refer to one actually manufactured by me, which contained 2.75 per cent. silicon, .07 per cent. carbon, .08 per cent. manganese, .03 per cent. sulfur, .03 per cent. phosphorus.
The material produced as above described is valuable on account of its high magnetic permeability, its high electrical resistance,
and low hysteresis for efficient use in transformers and other electrical apparatus in which said qualities are useful.
I have found that the superior qualities of my improved material of alloy can be still further enhanced by a treatment involving alternate heating and cooling and generally carried out as follows: I first heat the material to between about 900 and 1,100 centigrade and allow it to cool, preferably quickly. Then I reheat the material to between about 700 and 850 centigradethatis,to a temperature lower than the one attained during the first heatingand then allow the metal to cool very slowly. In practice the cooling has been often extended to last several days. Either one or both of these treatments may be frequently repeated, or after the first treatment has been carried out the second type of heating may be frequently repeated. I have, for instance, taken a steel alloy of the'composition above mentioned, heated it to 1,070 Centigrade, cooled it quickly to atmospheric temperature, reheated it to 750 centigrade, cooled slowly, again reheated to 800 centigrade, and again cooled slowly. I have found that when the best results are desired it is of great importance to use the exact temperatures that correspond to these results, and careful pyrometer readings should be taken for this purpose. I have also found it important to keep the percentage of elements, such as carbon and manganese, which are not used for the purpose of my invention as low as possible-say carbon under about .12 per cent. and manganese under about .12 per cent. This, of course, is to be understood as a statement of conditions to be observed when the best results are desired.
It will be seen that by myinvention a certain proportion of pure iron is replaced with a body such as silicon, aluminium, or phosphorus, which are materials of low magnetic properties or so-called non-magnetic materials. This addition has a very remarkable efiect on the magnetic permeability, the elec trical resistance, and the hysteresis quality of the alloy produced. In fact, the improved alloy has a higher magnetic permeability and a lower hysteretic constant than any magnetic body of which I could obtain data, including the purest iron I could obtain. This remarkable result may be due to the strong chemical affinities of the aluminium, silicon, or phosphorous for oxygen and the halogens. Whatever the reason of the superiority of my alloy may be, the fact of this superiority has been well established and in itself furnishes a test for the identification of the magnetic body made according to my invention.
I desire it to be understood that aluminium and phosphorus and their combinations with each other or with silicon are to be considered equivalents of silicon for the purposes of my invention,-as well as any other element or combination of elements which will produce the same result-to wit, a greater magnetic permeability, a higher electrical resistance, and a lower hysteresis quality than is exhibited by the purest commercial iron obtainable. The claims as hereunto appended while mentioning only silicon are to be understood as covering these equivalents.
I claim as my invention- 1. A magnetic material containing a magnetic body'with an admixture of silicon in such proportions as to increase the magnetic permeability and electrical resistance and to decrease the hysteresis quality of the material to figures above and below respectively those which obtain with the purest iron commercially obtainable.
2. A magnetic material containing iron with from one to five per cent. of silicon and showing a magnetic permeability and an electrical resistance higher, and a hysteresis in alloying a magnetic body with silicon,
heating the alloy to a relatively high temperature below its melting-point, allowing the alloy to cool, reheating it to a temperature below that first employed, and allowing it to cool slowly.
5. The herein-described process of producing a magnetic material of high permeability and low hysteresis action which consists in alloying a magnetic body with from one to five per cent. of silicon, heating the resulting mixture to a relatively high temperature below its melting-point, allowing it to cool, reheating it to a temperature below that first employed, and then allowing it to cool slowly.
In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.
ROBERT A. HADFIELD.
Witnesses:
JOHN LOTKA, HANS v. BRIEsEN.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US16122803A US745829A (en) | 1903-06-12 | 1903-06-12 | Magnetic composition and method of making same. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US16122803A US745829A (en) | 1903-06-12 | 1903-06-12 | Magnetic composition and method of making same. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US745829A true US745829A (en) | 1903-12-01 |
Family
ID=2814324
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US16122803A Expired - Lifetime US745829A (en) | 1903-06-12 | 1903-06-12 | Magnetic composition and method of making same. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US745829A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2530686A (en) * | 1941-07-24 | 1950-11-21 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Current regulator tube |
| US3147158A (en) * | 1961-11-22 | 1964-09-01 | Gen Electric | Process for producing cube-on-edge oriented silicon iron |
| US7736444B1 (en) | 2006-04-19 | 2010-06-15 | Silicon Steel Technology, Inc. | Method and system for manufacturing electrical silicon steel |
-
1903
- 1903-06-12 US US16122803A patent/US745829A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2530686A (en) * | 1941-07-24 | 1950-11-21 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Current regulator tube |
| US3147158A (en) * | 1961-11-22 | 1964-09-01 | Gen Electric | Process for producing cube-on-edge oriented silicon iron |
| US7736444B1 (en) | 2006-04-19 | 2010-06-15 | Silicon Steel Technology, Inc. | Method and system for manufacturing electrical silicon steel |
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