US751287A - Tunnel construction - Google Patents

Tunnel construction Download PDF

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US751287A
US751287A US751287DA US751287A US 751287 A US751287 A US 751287A US 751287D A US751287D A US 751287DA US 751287 A US751287 A US 751287A
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tunnel
sections
water
compartments
partitions
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/063—Tunnels submerged into, or built in, open water
    • E02D29/073—Tunnels or shuttering therefor assembled from sections individually sunk onto, or laid on, the water-bed, e.g. in a preformed trench

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  • This invention relates to improvements in the construction of tunnels across rivers or the like, an object being to provide a novel tunnel construction by means of which the work of laying a submarine tunnel may be rapidly carried onto completion.
  • Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a tunnel construction embodying my invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-section thereof.
  • Figs. 3, 1, and 5 are details showing means for securin'gfand bracing certain parts, and
  • Fig. 6 is a section showing the tunnel in position.
  • the tunnel comprises side walls 1, a bottom wall 2, and a top wall 3, these several walls being of metalsuch,, for instance, as sheet,
  • I-beams ⁇ 1 Extended across the under side of the bottom wall are I-beams ⁇ 1, which are connected to I-beams 5, arranged transversely on the top by uprights 6. As shown in the draw-- ings, the bottom beams 4 rest upon spiles 7. It is to be understood, however, that when the bed .of the watercourse consists of clay or other hard material the tunnel may rest directly thereon. Therefore I do not limit the invention to employing spiles. V.
  • the tunnel is made in sections, and at suitable intervals posts 8 are erected therein, and connected to these posts and extending longitudinally of the section are sheet-metal partitions 9.
  • the several uprights are firmly connected to the upper Wall by ably the said uprights or posts 6 will be connected to the bottom wall of the tunnel by brackets 14:.
  • the bottom wall in each compartment is provided with an opening normally closed by a valve 15, which has a bearing in a yoke 16, attached to the valve seat or casing. From each valve an operating-rod 17 extends upward through a stuffing-box 18 in the top wall, and this rod projects sufficiently above the water-level to be readil reached and manipulated.
  • a main air-pipe 19 Extended along and lengthwise of'the tunnel is a main air-pipe 19, the sections being connected together as the tunnel-sections are connected by means of couplingsv 20. From this main pipe 19 branches 21 provide communication with the interior of the'compartments, each branch being provided 'with a valve 22. The several sections of the tunnel are connected together by bolts passing through-angle-beams 23, attached to the outer sides of the sections at the ends.
  • the tunnel is a longone, is floated to the desired spot over the channel and.
  • valve 15 is opened, so as to admit water to sink the structure. After placing one section in position another section is to be lowered and attached to the first section, and this is continued until the tunnel is completed to the approaches 24:.
  • the trench or tunnel is to be returned or placed on top of the structure, as clearly indicated in Fig. 6.
  • the valve 15 is to be closed and air forced into the several compartments, which will cause the discharge of water through the pipes 25, which extend through the top wall and nearly to the bottom of the compartments, the outlets being above the water-level.
  • These pipes 25 are made in sections'that is, one section extends upward from the top of the tunnel structure, while the lower section is screwed into a boxing. 26. Therefore these pipe-sections may be readily removed and the openings closed by screwplugs upon the completion of the tunnel.
  • the cross-partitions or bulkheads are to be removed, and the longitudinal partitions may also be removed, or they may remain, forming three chambers in the tunnel, and, in fact, a greater number of longitudinal partitions may be employed, if desired.
  • the valves are to be removed and the openings plugged, and the air-pipe is also to be removed.
  • the object of the several compartments in the sections of the tunnel is to prevent the water ballast from shifting during the sinking process.
  • the sections can be lowered without danger of their tipping up, and thus sinking edgewise.
  • the main purpose of the air-pipes is to lighten the sections, if necessary, in order that they may be easily handled and put in place before the water-bed is restored; but, as hereinbefore stated, they can be used after the earth has been replaced to expel the water from the compartments of the sections ofthe tunnel.
  • a structure for forming tunnels comprising side, top and bottom walls of metal formed in sections, partitions extended lengthwise of the sections, partitions extended transversely of the sections thus forming water-tight compartments, means for controlling the admission of water to the compartments, and means for discharging water therefrom.
  • a structure for forming tunnels comprising metal side walls, a metal top wall and a metal bottom wall, angle beams or irons extended around the outer sides of said walls, partitions dividing the tunnel-sections into compartments, the bottom wall having an opening leading into each compartment, valves for the openings, valve-rods extended from said valves through the top wall of the tunnelsections, water-discharge pipes, and an airpressure pipe communicating with the compartments.
  • a structure for forming tunnels comprising top and bottom walls and side walls of sheet metal, uprights orposts arranged in the tunnel, I -beams on which the bottom wall rests, I-beams extended across the top of the structure, posts connecting the lower and upper I-beams, bracket connections between the uprights and upper wall of the tunnel, longitudinal partitions in the tunnel, transverse partitions in the tunnel thus forming watertight compartments, each compartment having an inlet for water, Valves for the inlets, an outlet-pipe leading from each compartment, a main air-pipe, and valved branches leading from said main pipe into the several compartments.
  • a structure for forming tunnels comprising top and bottom walls and side walls of sheet metal, I-beams on which the tunnel rests, spiles on which the said I-beams rest, partitions in the tunnel dividing the same into a plurality of water-tight compartments, each compartment having an inlet for water, valves for controlling the inlets, discharge-pipes leading from a point near the bottom of each compartment and through the top wall, and means for conducting air into the compartments.
  • a structure for forming tunnels comprising sheet-metal sections joined together, means for admitting water to the sections for sinking the same, water-discharge pipes leading upward from the lower portions of the sections and air-pressure pipes leading into the tops of the sections.

Description

No. 751,287. PATENTED FEB. 2, 1904.
- J. L. HOLMES.
TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION! APPLIUATION FILED AUG II 1903.
N0 MODEL. 7 3 SHEHTfl-SHBET 1.
IN VE N T01? fiaselJYa Zmas I A7T0HNEYSI E Nanms PETERS co, vno1'ou'mo. WAENWGTONJR c.
No. 751,287. PATENTED FEB. 2, 1904. J. L. HOLMES.
TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION.
APPLIGATION FILED AUG. 11, 1903.
N0 MODEL. 7 '3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.
w/nvsssjy INVENTOH No. 751,287. PATENTED FEB; 2, 1904..
TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION.
APPLICATIOI FILED AUG. 11, 1903.
no MODEL. 3SEEET8-B1IBET a.
l WmVEs 3:
A ron/v5 rs UNITED STATES Patented February 2, 1904.
PATENT OFFICE.
JESSE LINCOLN HOLMES, OF BUTTE, MONTANA.
TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 751 ,287, dated February 2, 1904.
Application filed August 11, 1903. Serial No. 169,130. (No model.) 7
To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, JESSE LINCOLN HOLMES, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Butte, in the county of Silverbow and State of Montana,have invented a new and Improved Tunnel Construction, of which the followingis a full, clear, and exact description.
This invention relates to improvements in the construction of tunnels across rivers or the like, an object being to provide a novel tunnel construction by means of which the work of laying a submarine tunnel may be rapidly carried onto completion.
I will describe a tunnel construction embodying-my invention and thenpointoutthe novel features in the appended claims.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a tunnel construction embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a cross-section thereof. Figs. 3, 1, and 5 are details showing means for securin'gfand bracing certain parts, and Fig. 6 is a section showing the tunnel in position. I
The tunnel comprises side walls 1, a bottom wall 2, and a top wall 3, these several walls being of metalsuch,, for instance, as sheet,
steel. Extended across the under side of the bottom wall are I-beams {1, which are connected to I-beams 5, arranged transversely on the top by uprights 6. As shown in the draw-- ings, the bottom beams 4 rest upon spiles 7. It is to be understood, however, that when the bed .of the watercourse consists of clay or other hard material the tunnel may rest directly thereon. Therefore I do not limit the invention to employing spiles. V.
The tunnel is made in sections, and at suitable intervals posts 8 are erected therein, and connected to these posts and extending longitudinally of the section are sheet-metal partitions 9. Extended between the two partitions and between the partitions and the outer walls 1 are bulkheads for partitions 10, and thus the section is divided into a plurality of water-tight compartments. The several uprights are firmly connected to the upper Wall by ably the said uprights or posts 6 will be connected to the bottom wall of the tunnel by brackets 14:. The bottom wall in each compartment is provided with an opening normally closed by a valve 15, which has a bearing in a yoke 16, attached to the valve seat or casing. From each valve an operating-rod 17 extends upward through a stuffing-box 18 in the top wall, and this rod projects sufficiently above the water-level to be readil reached and manipulated. V
Extended along and lengthwise of'the tunnel is a main air-pipe 19, the sections being connected together as the tunnel-sections are connected by means of couplingsv 20. From this main pipe 19 branches 21 provide communication with the interior of the'compartments, each branch being provided 'with a valve 22. The several sections of the tunnel are connected together by bolts passing through-angle-beams 23, attached to the outer sides of the sections at the ends.
In placing the tunnel the Water-bed is to be dredged, and then the sectionof the tunnel,
provided the tunnel is a longone, is floated to the desired spot over the channel and. the
valve 15 is opened, so as to admit water to sink the structure. After placing one section in position another section is to be lowered and attached to the first section, and this is continued until the tunnel is completed to the approaches 24:. The dirt originally removed .to
form .the trench or tunnel is to be returned or placed on top of the structure, as clearly indicated in Fig. 6. After sinkinga section or the several sections the valve 15 is to be closed and air forced into the several compartments, which will cause the discharge of water through the pipes 25, which extend through the top wall and nearly to the bottom of the compartments, the outlets being above the water-level. These pipes 25 are made in sections'that is, one section extends upward from the top of the tunnel structure, while the lower section is screwed into a boxing. 26. Therefore these pipe-sections may be readily removed and the openings closed by screwplugs upon the completion of the tunnel. Of course the cross-partitions or bulkheads are to be removed, and the longitudinal partitions may also be removed, or they may remain, forming three chambers in the tunnel, and, in fact, a greater number of longitudinal partitions may be employed, if desired. Upon the completion of the tunnel the valves are to be removed and the openings plugged, and the air-pipe is also to be removed.
The object of the several compartments in the sections of the tunnel is to prevent the water ballast from shifting during the sinking process. By this means the sections can be lowered without danger of their tipping up, and thus sinking edgewise. The main purpose of the air-pipes is to lighten the sections, if necessary, in order that they may be easily handled and put in place before the water-bed is restored; but, as hereinbefore stated, they can be used after the earth has been replaced to expel the water from the compartments of the sections ofthe tunnel.
Having thus described my invention, Ielaim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. A structure for forming tunnels comprising side, top and bottom walls of metal formed in sections, partitions extended lengthwise of the sections, partitions extended transversely of the sections thus forming water-tight compartments, means for controlling the admission of water to the compartments, and means for discharging water therefrom.
2. A structure for forming tunnels comprising metal side walls, a metal top wall and a metal bottom wall, angle beams or irons extended around the outer sides of said walls, partitions dividing the tunnel-sections into compartments, the bottom wall having an opening leading into each compartment, valves for the openings, valve-rods extended from said valves through the top wall of the tunnelsections, water-discharge pipes, and an airpressure pipe communicating with the compartments.
3. A structure for forming tunnels comprising top and bottom walls and side walls of sheet metal, uprights orposts arranged in the tunnel, I -beams on which the bottom wall rests, I-beams extended across the top of the structure, posts connecting the lower and upper I-beams, bracket connections between the uprights and upper wall of the tunnel, longitudinal partitions in the tunnel, transverse partitions in the tunnel thus forming watertight compartments, each compartment having an inlet for water, Valves for the inlets, an outlet-pipe leading from each compartment, a main air-pipe, and valved branches leading from said main pipe into the several compartments.
4. A structure for forming tunnels compris ing top and bottom walls and side walls of sheet metal, I-beams on which the tunnel rests, spiles on which the said I-beams rest, partitions in the tunnel dividing the same into a plurality of water-tight compartments, each compartment having an inlet for water, valves for controlling the inlets, discharge-pipes leading from a point near the bottom of each compartment and through the top wall, and means for conducting air into the compartments.
5. A structure for forming tunnels comprising sheet-metal sections joined together, means for admitting water to the sections for sinking the same, water-discharge pipes leading upward from the lower portions of the sections and air-pressure pipes leading into the tops of the sections.
In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.
JESSE LINCOLN HOLMES.
Vitnesses:
EDWIN M. LAMB, W. Y. PEMBERTON.
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