US749374A - Method of extinguishing fires - Google Patents
Method of extinguishing fires Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US749374A US749374A US749374DA US749374A US 749374 A US749374 A US 749374A US 749374D A US749374D A US 749374DA US 749374 A US749374 A US 749374A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- bubbles
- extinguishing
- emulsion
- gas
- combustible
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 208000011893 Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/06—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places of highly inflammable material, e.g. light metals, petroleum products
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S239/00—Fluid sprinkling, spraying, and diffusing
- Y10S239/11—Magnets
Definitions
- My present invention relates to a method of extinguishing fires in which thick, tough, mucilaginous emulsions of the character specified are of particular advantage.
- My invention is based upon the observation that when a mass of bubbles is thrown upon Serial No. 147,686. (No model.)
- the fire will be still more effectually extinguished, because as the bubbles break free inert gas will be released and mingle with the air in that vicinity, thus reducing its capacity for supporting combustion.
- the mass of bubbles will in that event cover the combustible surface with which they contact with a layer of non-combustible gas.
- bubble-like lather By using a non-combustible gas in connection with a bubble-making liquid an enormous quantity of bubble-like lather can be created very quickly, and it can be thrown against the walls and floors and ceilings of a building, so as to protect its surfaces, and for this purpose the bubble-like lather should contain inorganic salts which decompose on being heated and give ofi" incombustible gases.
- I may use to advantage a thick solution of ammonium soap containing, for instance, dissolved borax or ammonium sulfate.
- This solution may be contained within a suitable receptacle, such as a portable tank, adapted to be carried by hand or drawn by horses and having a nozzle for the ejection of the contents of the tank by means of pressure produced by non-combustible gas taken directly from a gas-reservoir.
- a suitable receptacle such as a portable tank, adapted to be carried by hand or drawn by horses and having a nozzle for the ejection of the contents of the tank by means of pressure produced by non-combustible gas taken directly from a gas-reservoir.
- A indicates a stout metallic receptacle adapted to resist a strong internal pressure and containing the bubblemaking emulsion a.
- This receptacle contains a cup-shaped piston b, resting upon the surface of the emulsion and guided by the cylindrical guide-rod 0, so as to have a free movement up and down in the shell A.
- a container B for nitrogen, ammoniagas, or carbonic-acid gas under pressure said container being provided with cut-off valves, as shown, so that when exhausted it may be removed from the receptacle A and taken away to be refilled.
- the receptacle A is provided with an outlet-pipe having a cut-off d, with which connects a flexible pipe or tube 6, leading to the delivery-nozzle.
- Anotherfiexible pipe f leads from the compressed gas-container B to the delivery-nozzle and discharges into a chamber g adjacent to the chamber lb of said nozzle, which latter chamber forms a continuation of the flexible tube 6.
- the chamber h opens into a cup-like holder 0, provided at its bottom with a number of holes or apertures in communication with the chamber g of the nozzle.
- the flow of the emulsion into the cup C may thus be expedited by pressure of the gas upon the piston b, communicated thence to the emulsion to any desired degree, the purpose being to keep the cup filled with the emulsion.
- the gas passing through the tube f and thence through the chamber 9 of the nozzle and the apertures i will pass upwardly through the emulsion in the cup and will create a great quantity of bubbles which will be projected in a stream into the building or against the walls which are to be protected.
- the receptacle A may be of a size and the gas of a pressure and the emulsion of an amount capable of filling an entire room or series of rooms with a solid mass of bubbles.
- the nozzle is v to be thrust into an open window or door and the stream of bubbles created in such quantity as to fill the room, thereby driving out the air.
- the air is driven off, the
- I may add glycerin to the emulsion.
- the bubbles will also have
Description
No. 749,374. PATENTED JAN. 12, 19 04 E. GATES. METHOD OF EXTINGUISHING FIRES.
APPLICATION FILED MAR. 13. 1903. V30 MODEL.
avwnmtoz 1m: "cams PETERS co. moraumov, WASHINGTON, u c:
3 H B E23:
UNITED STATES Patented January 12, 1904.
PATENT OFFICE.
METHOD OF EXTINGUISHING FIRES.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 749,374, dated. January 12, 1904:.
Application filed March 13, 1903- To all whom it mag concern:
Be it known that I, ELMER GATES, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chevy Chase, in the county of Montgomery and State of Maryland, have invented certain-new and useful Improvements in Methods of Extinguishing Fires; and 1 do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.
In another application for Letters Patent of the United States, filed July 12, 1900, Serial No. 23,861, 1 have described and claimed the application of a jelly-like mucilaginous emulsion to the extinguishment of fires, said emulsion preferably containing salts which are either not aflected by the heat and are themselves non-combustible or which in addition to being non-combustible are decomposable by heat, so as to leave non-combustible residues and to give ofl fire-extinguishing gases, such as carbonic-acid gas, ammonia, or the like. By the employment of emulsions of this general character I am enabled to make use in admixture therewith of much larger relative proportions of fire-extinguishing salts than are possible in fire-extinguishing liquids.
My present invention relates to a method of extinguishing fires in which thick, tough, mucilaginous emulsions of the character specified are of particular advantage.
It consists in projecting against a burning wall or other surface or into a room or build mg a quantity of bubbles containing appropriate iire-extinguishing gases, such as carbonicacid gas, ammonia-gas, or nitrogen, or anyv mixture thereof. I prefer to employ as the film substances for these bubbles the jelly-like emulsion specified, so as to not only apply the fire-extinguishishing gases contained in the bubbles to greater advantage, but for the further purpose of thereby distributing the emulsion itself throughout the room or building and fully utilizing its capacity for the development of additional fire-extinguishing gases and for depositing upon the burning surfaces its non-combustible salts.
My invention is based upon the observation that when a mass of bubbles is thrown upon Serial No. 147,686. (No model.)
burning materials the flame is more effectually extinguished than by throwing an equal amount of the liquid constituting the film of the bubbles upon the same amount of flame. The explanation of this phenomenon is that an ounce, for instance, of bubble-making liquid thrown directly upon burning materials will cover much less area at a much less depth than if the same quantity of liquid were first converted into a lather of minute bubbles. In fact, the mass of lather procurable from any given quantity of bubble-making liquid will be several times larger at least than that of the liquid from which it is made and will thus more effectually screen the air from the surface upon which it is'thrown and at the same time will just as effectually dampen and smother flame as does the liquid itself. Moreover, if the bubbles contain, instead of air, some gas which is a non-supporter of combustionfas, for instance, ammonia, nitrogen, or carbonic acidthe fire will be still more effectually extinguished, because as the bubbles break free inert gas will be released and mingle with the air in that vicinity, thus reducing its capacity for supporting combustion. Furthermore, the mass of bubbles will in that event cover the combustible surface with which they contact with a layer of non-combustible gas.
By using a non-combustible gas in connection with a bubble-making liquid an enormous quantity of bubble-like lather can be created very quickly, and it can be thrown against the walls and floors and ceilings of a building, so as to protect its surfaces, and for this purpose the bubble-like lather should contain inorganic salts which decompose on being heated and give ofi" incombustible gases. In practice I may use to advantage a thick solution of ammonium soap containing, for instance, dissolved borax or ammonium sulfate. This solution may be contained within a suitable receptacle, such as a portable tank, adapted to be carried by hand or drawn by horses and having a nozzle for the ejection of the contents of the tank by means of pressure produced by non-combustible gas taken directly from a gas-reservoir.
In the accompanying drawing I have illustrated, partly in section and partly in elevation, a form of apparatus adapted for the practice of the invention.
Referring to the drawing, A indicates a stout metallic receptacle adapted to resist a strong internal pressure and containing the bubblemaking emulsion a. This receptacle contains a cup-shaped piston b, resting upon the surface of the emulsion and guided by the cylindrical guide-rod 0, so as to have a free movement up and down in the shell A. At the top of the receptacle A is a container B for nitrogen, ammoniagas, or carbonic-acid gas under pressure, said container being provided with cut-off valves, as shown, so that when exhausted it may be removed from the receptacle A and taken away to be refilled.
The receptacle A is provided with an outlet-pipe having a cut-off d, with which connects a flexible pipe or tube 6, leading to the delivery-nozzle. Anotherfiexible pipe f leads from the compressed gas-container B to the delivery-nozzle and discharges into a chamber g adjacent to the chamber lb of said nozzle, which latter chamber forms a continuation of the flexible tube 6. The chamber h opens into a cup-like holder 0, provided at its bottom with a number of holes or apertures in communication with the chamber g of the nozzle. The flow of the emulsion into the cup C may thus be expedited by pressure of the gas upon the piston b, communicated thence to the emulsion to any desired degree, the purpose being to keep the cup filled with the emulsion. The gas passing through the tube f and thence through the chamber 9 of the nozzle and the apertures i will pass upwardly through the emulsion in the cup and will create a great quantity of bubbles which will be projected in a stream into the building or against the walls which are to be protected.
In the case of more serious fires threatening a valuable building the receptacle A may be of a size and the gas of a pressure and the emulsion of an amount capable of filling an entire room or series of rooms with a solid mass of bubbles. In this event the nozzle is v to be thrust into an open window or door and the stream of bubbles created in such quantity as to fill the room, thereby driving out the air. When the air is driven off, the
be deprived of air, which is the supporter of combustion, and, secondly, it will be filled with an inert gas. the effect of dampening the fires, because of the substance from which they are preferably made. In order to increase the toughness of the bubble-films, I may add glycerin to the emulsion.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim is 1. The method of extinguishing fires, which consists in projecting against burning surfaces lather-like bubbles containing fire-extinguishing gases; substantially as described.
2. The method of extinguishing fires, which consists in projecting against burning surfaces lather-like bubbles containing fire-extinguishing gases, the film of said bubbles consisting of non-combustible material; substantially as described.
3. The method of extinguishing fires, which consists in projecting against burning surfaces lather-like bubbles containing fire-extinguishing gases, the film of said bubbles consisting of j elly-like emulsion in which is incorporated salts decomposable by heat; substantially as described.
4:. The method of extinguishing fires, which consists in projecting against burning surfaces lather-like bubbles containing fire-extinguishing gases, the film of said bubbles consisting of jelly-like emulsion in which is incorporated salts decomposable by heat, and which on being decomposed give off non-combustible gases; substantially as described.
5. The method of extinguishing fires, which consists in projecting against burning surfaces lather-like bubbles containing fire-extinguishing gases, the film of said bubbles consisting of jelly-like emulsion in which is incorporated salts decomposable by heat, and which leave non-combustible oxids; substantially as described.
6. The method of extinguishing fires in inclosed rooms or like spaces, which consists in filling the room or other space with latherlike bubbles containing fire extinguishing gases; substantially as described.
In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.
. ELMER GATES.
Witnesses:
Rnnvn LEWIS, C. W. DRAPER.
The bubbles will also have
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US749374A true US749374A (en) | 1904-01-12 |
Family
ID=2817868
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US749374D Expired - Lifetime US749374A (en) | Method of extinguishing fires |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US749374A (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2459743A (en) * | 1944-11-25 | 1949-01-18 | Firestone Tire & Rubber Co | Fire extinguisher |
US4169483A (en) * | 1978-05-26 | 1979-10-02 | Bonn Thomas S | Hydraulic jet drill stem and bit unplugging device |
US6371213B1 (en) * | 2000-02-15 | 2002-04-16 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Liquid or foam fire retardant delivery device with pyrotechnic actuation and aeration |
-
0
- US US749374D patent/US749374A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2459743A (en) * | 1944-11-25 | 1949-01-18 | Firestone Tire & Rubber Co | Fire extinguisher |
US4169483A (en) * | 1978-05-26 | 1979-10-02 | Bonn Thomas S | Hydraulic jet drill stem and bit unplugging device |
US6371213B1 (en) * | 2000-02-15 | 2002-04-16 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Liquid or foam fire retardant delivery device with pyrotechnic actuation and aeration |
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