US744550A - Speed-varying mechanism. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED NOV. 17, 19031.

W; D. HOFFMAN. SPEED VARYING MBGHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 2, 1903.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

N0 MODEL.

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NNN/17,550. g y PATBNTED NoV.17,1 9o3.

' W. D. HOFFMAN.

SPEED VANYIN-G' MEGHAN'IsMf APPLICATION FILED JAN. 2, 190s. y No MODEL. i y 2 SHEETS-SHEET z.

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atented November 1'7, 1903.55.

' UNITEDV lSTATESPATENE QFFIQF.,

WILLIAM D. HOFFMAN, OF NEWTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSICNOR To THE POWER AND SPEED CONTROLLER COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

SPEED-VARYING IVIECHANISM.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 744,550, dated November 17, 1903.

Application led January 2, 1903. Serial No. 137,381. (No model.)

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM D. HOFFMAN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Newton, in the county'of Norfolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented new and useful Improvements in Power-Transmitting Mechanism, o f which the following is a specification. y Y v My invention relates to variable speed power-transmitting mechanism of4 the same class as the mechanism shown and described in Patent No. 638,965 granted in my name December l2, 1899, and'my present invention is an improvement on the mechanism therein shown and described. f

In all variable-speed power-transmittingn mechanism of this class comprising opposed disks clamped onto intermediate friction-rolls the clamping means always acts in opposite directions on the disks through two abutments, and prior to the invention of the mech anism of the patent above noted both of these two abutments turned with the disksyand relatively to the clamping means, which was stationarily supported. Consequentlyagreat amount of friction and wear existed between the bearing-surfaces `of the abutments and the clamping means, constituting, in effect, two friction-brakes, one acting to oppose the rotation of one disk and the other acting to oppose the rotation of the other disk. The frictional resistance at these two bearings was of course in proportion to the pressure exerted by the clamping means and varied directly as said pressure varied. This resulted not only in the rapid wearing away'of the bearing-surfaces between the clamping means and the abutment, but also in the expenditure of so much power to overcome the fpossible. `,be narrowed, then in order to maintain the leconomical 'power-transmitting capacity of fthemechanism it becomes necessary topin- E crease the clamping pressure in order to com'- obtained by the clamping means, and the ,principal problem is to secure this adhesion ,with the loss of as little power as possible.

Owing to the braking action of the bearing-surfacesbetween the abutments and the clamping meanslit has heretofore been impossible to secure this frictional adhesion without the loss of a great amount of power or without the4 use of comparatively wide-faced intermediate friction-rolls. The inner side of each roll is nearer the axes of the disks than the outer side and obviously has less distance to travel to circumscribe the disks than the outer sidei Therefore either one side or the otherof the` roll or both Sides must slip relatively to thedisks, thus causing great wear lon the rolls and disks.

Of course this characteristic action is present with all widths of rolls toa greater or less extent; but the narrower the face ofA the roll the less marked is it, and obviously, therefore, it is highly desirable that the rolls be as narrow-faced as If, however, the face of each. roll pensate by increased pressure for the reduction in contacting surfaces between the rollsV and disks and, as explained above,'in the power-transmitting devices of this class employed prior to my invention presently toy be described the braking action' of the bearing-surfaces between the clamping means and the abutments will be increased proportionately, thus wastefully absorbing moreof the primemotive powerto overcome the increased friction at the abutments.

In the mechanism of the patent above noted the same objectionable features exist, although in a slightly-modified degree. 'In this patent one of the disks is shown as fixed to one end of a shaft extending loosely through the other disk and carrying at its other. end one of the abutments and also the clamping means, which turns with the shaft. The other abutment is, in effect, the end of the hub of the other loose disk, between which and the clamping means a single roller-bearing is interposed which serves as a substitute Y for the two bearings above described as characteristic of the older mechanisms; but this change, while modifying somewhat the objectionable characteristics above pointed out,did not entirely eliminate them, and the wasteful but necessary absorption of power to overcome the braking action of the single bearing still remained.

The main object of my invention is to pro` vide a variable-speed power-transmitting mechanism of the above-described class in which the defects noted above regarding friction are eliminated; but my invention also has for its object to improve otherwise the construction of such mechanisms.

My improved mechanism, as herein shown, comprises a shaft and two pairs of disks, one pair mounted on the shaft and the other pair arranged between the disks of the first pair. Between the adjacent disks of the two pairs are provided friction-rolls, onto which the disks are clamped by means which acts in opposed directions on the two disks of one pair to force them toward the disks of the other pair, and thus clamp all of the disks onto the friction-rolls. Thus the disks of one pair will be caused to turn in one direction and the disks of the other pair to turn in the opposite direction, and the clamping means is made to turn with the two disks of the pair upon which it acts, whereby all relative movement between the clamping means and said pair of disks is prevented, and therefore all friction heretofore due to the pressure of the clamping means on its two abutments is eliminated.

Otherfeatures of myinvention appearhereinafter.

In the accompanyingdrawings, which illustrate the preferred embodiment of myinvention, Figure 1 is a central longitudinal section of a variable-speed power-transmitting mechanism embodying one form of my invention. Fig. 2 is a section on line 2 2 of Fig. l. Figs. 3 and 4 are details described below.

Having reference to the drawings, l represents one of the disks of a pair, and 1a represents the other disk of that pair. The disk 1 is fixed by a pin 3 to a shaft 4, journaled in bearings on a frame 5. The shaft 4 extends loosely through a pair of disks 2 and 2a and near its opposite end carries a sleeve 6, to which is pivoted a pair of cam-levers 7, connected by links 8 with a ring 9, loosely mounted on the sleeve 6. The ring 9 is made with an annular groove 10, which engages a yoke l1, provided with trunnions 12. The trunnions l2 are mounted in a shipper-lever 13, pivoted to the frame 5, and by means of this lever the ring 9 may be slid on the sleeve 6 to operate the cam-levers 7.

The cam-levers 7engage a washer 14, which rests against the hub of the disk l, which is splined on the shaft 4 with provision for sliding movement longitudinally thereof. Between the disk 1a and a collar l5, fast on lthe shaft 4, .is a spring 16, whose function will appear later.

The hub of the pair of disks 2 2L is hushed, as at 17, and journaled ou ahollowsleeve 18, surrounding but out of contact with the shaft 4, and said sleeve is fixed at its ends in uprights 19, which are part of the frame 5.

Between the disk 1 and the disk 2 is a pair of friction-rolls 20, carried by yokes 2l, (see Fig. 2,) which are fixed to pins 22, journaled in bearings on frame 5. each pin 22 is fastened a toothed segment 23, and the two segments mesh with a worm 24, fast on the shaft 25. The shaft 25 is journaled in bearings on the frame 5 and carries at one end a hand-wheel 26, by means of which said shaft may be rotated to swing the segments and rolls 20 on the axes of the pins 22. By this means the points of contact of each roll 20 with disks 1 and 2 may be changed relatively to the axis of the shaft 4, so as to change the relative speeds of disks l and 2. Between the disks l and 2a is a second pair of friction-rolls 31, each roll 3l being carried by a yoke 32, fast on a pin 33, journaled in bearings on the frame 5. These two pins 33 each carry at their lower ends a toothed segment 24, engaged by a worm 35, fast on shaft 25. The worm 35 is of opposite pitch to the worm 24, so that when shaft 25 is rotated and the rolls are swung on the axes of pins 22 and 33 the points of contact of the rolls 2O and 21 with the pair of disks 2 2a will be moved relatively to the axes of shaft 4 correspondingly in the same direction.

I have herein shown the pair of disks 2 2a as provided with a pulley 27, to which power is applied through a belt, (not shown,) and have shown a pulley 30, fast on the shaft 4, from which power may be transmitted through a belt (not shown) to any desired point.

The sleeve 6 is made hollow to inclose a spring 37, which rests at one end against an abutment 3S, fast on the shaft 4, and at its other end against a washer 39, adjustably supported within the sleeve 6 by a pair of screws 40, mounted in'the sleeve 6, as shown in Fig. 4.

When the shipper-lever is swung into the position shown in Fig. 1, the ring 9 is slid on On the lower end of IOO IIO

the sleeve 6, and this relative movement of said ring and sleeve swings the cam-levers 7 on their pivots into the position shown in Fig. 1, and the engagement of cams 36 with the washer 14 tends to slide said washer and also disk 11 on shaft 4against the pressure of the spring 16, and also, acting through spring 37 on the abutment 8, tends to shift the shaft4 and the disk 1 in the opposite direction.

This clamps disks l and 2 onto the rolls 20,

and also clamps the rolls 31 between the disks 1a and 2n. Inasmuch as disks 2 2a are free to shift longitudinally on the sleeve 18 to a limited extent, the pressure on one disk thereof will be opposed and counterbalanced by the pressure on the other disk thereof, as will be clear.

When the shipper-lever 13 is swung to the right out of the position shown in Fig. l, the ring 9 is slid on sleeve 6, so as vto swing the cam-levers 7 each in a direction to carry its cam 36 out from between the washer 14 and the sleeve G. This relieves the shaft 4 and disk 1L of pressure from the spring 37 and allows the spring 16 to shift the disk la away from the ,disk 2a, and thus relieve the rolls 20 of pressure from the disks 1 and 2 and the rolls 3l of pressure from the disks l*L and 2% Thus it will be obvious that cams 36 control the action of spring 37 and that movement of ring 9 in one direction causesspring 37 to clamp the disks onto the ihterposed frictionrolls and that movement -of ring 9 in the opposite direction unclamps the disks.

It will now be observed that the means employed for clamping the disks onto the rolls 20and 31 is mounted upon shaft 4 between the abutment 38, fastened to said shaft, and the hub of disk 1a, which is splined to said shaft, so that the abutment 38, the clamping means, and disk 1a turn in` unison, and all 'relative rotary movement and resulting friction heretofore existing between the clamping means and the ltwo abutments upon which it acts, herein constituted by the hub ofdisk la and abutment 38, is eliminated from the mechanism.

Although the disk l is herein shown as splined to the shaftll, it is obvious that this is not essential and that, if desired, the splinek may be omitted, so as to leave the disk 1f' entirely loose on the shaft 4E; but I prefer the construction shown and described becausethen the disk through its connection with the shaft serves as a positive transmitter of power to or from the shaft as well as an abutment for the clamping means, which turns in unison with the latter, Whereas if thedisk l? be not splined to its shaft then it will not serve as a positive power-transmitter, but merely as a rotating abutmentfor the clamping means, its rotation in unison with the latter being effected by the friction-rolls 3l,

"as will be clear without 'further description.

What Ivelaim is- 1. In a power-transmitting mechanism, a shaft, a pair of disks on the shaft, an intermediate pair of disks in opposition to the rst pair, friction-rolls between the opposed disks, and a clamp, mounted to rotate as one with one of the said pairs of disks and arranged to exert its effort reactively upon the disks of the pair with which it rotates to clamp them against the friction-rolls.

2. In a speed-varying mechanism, in combination with a shaft; apair of disks on said shaft one of which is fixed tothe shaft and the other movable longitudinally thereon; an intermediate pair of disks between and opposed to the disks of the first pair; frictionrolls between the opposed disks of the two pairs; and means for thrusting the movable disk of the first pair in one direction and the shaft in the opposite direction, said means being mounted on said shaft and arranged to..

turn therewith.

3.V In a speed-varying mechanism, in combination with a shaft; a pair of disks on said shaft; one ofwhich is fixed to the shaft and the other movable longitudinally thereon; an intermediate pair of disks between andopposed to the disks of the first pair; frictionrolls between the disks of the two pairs; means to adjust the friction-rolls to vary the relative speeds of the two pairs; and a clampv to thrust the movable disk of the first pair in one direct-ion and the shaft in the opposite direction, said clamp being mounted on said shaft and arranged to turn therewith.

'4. In a speed-varying mechanism in combination; a shaft; a pair of disks on said shaft one of which is fixed to the shaft andthe other movable longitudinally thereon; an intermediate pair of disks between and opposed toY the disks of the first pair; friction-rolls between the disks of the two pairs; means to adjust the friction-rolls to vary the relative speeds of the two `pairs of disks; a clamp to thrust the movable disk of the first pair in one direction and the shaft in the oppositel direction, said clamp being mounted on said shaft and arranged to turn-therewith; a

power-transmitting wheel on the shaft, and a power-transmitting wheel connected with the intermediate pairl of disks.

5. In a speed-varying mechanism, in combination, a shaft; a pair of disks on said shaft one of which is fixed to the shaft and the other movable longitudinally thereon; an intermediate pair of disks between and opposed to the disks ofthe first pair, friction-rolls between the disks of the two pairs; a spring to thrust the movable disk of the first pair in one direction and the shaft iny the opposite direction, said spring mounted on said shaft and arranged to turn therewith; and means by which to control the tension of said spring. Y

6'. In a speed-Varying mechanism, in combination, a shaft; a pair of disks on' said shaft one of which is fixed tothe shaft and the other movable longitudinally thereon; an intermediate pair of disks between andopposed toV the disks of the rst pair; friction-rolls between the disks of the two pairs; .a spring to thrust the movable disk of the first pair in one direction and the shaft in the opposite direction said spring being mounted on said shaft and arranged to turn "therewith, and means for controlling saidspring comprising one or more cams carried by said shaft.

` 7. In a speed-varying mechanism,rin ccmpair of disks; friction-rolls between the disks IOO IIO

Irs,

of the two pairs; means on said frame for adjusting the friction-rolls to vary the relative speeds of the two pairs of disks; a spring to thrust the movable disk of the rst pair in one direction and the shaft in the opposite direction, said spring being mounted on said shaft and arranged to turn therewith, a pair of cams carried by the shaft to control said spring; and a lever on the frame for operating said cams.

8. In a speed-varying mechanism in combination; ashaft; apairof disks on said shaft one of which is lixed rigidly to the shaft and the other splined so as to move longitudinally

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