US739398A - Cryptographic perforator. - Google Patents

Description

10,739,398; PATENTBD sEP'Lzz 1903.]

GRYPTUGRAPHIG PBRPoRATom y APPLICATION IILED MAB, 19, 1903.

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Kiwa/@5025" 555% l, PATENTBD SEPT. 2z, 1903. L! l 'l GRY-ETOGRAPHIG PERFORATORJ. l l

Y APPLICATION FILED IAB.; 19, 1Q03.

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110.739.398.. f 'A 'PATBNTBD sB-PT.22,1903.

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CRYPTOGRAPHIC,'PERRORAtIIOR.k

APPLIOATION FILED IAB, I9, 1903. N nonni.. y

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UNITED SK'TA'T'itsg rammed september 22, 190:31.z

'PATENT OFFICE.

Anrecht DAY, or Nnwro'RK,` N. Y.

4CRYPTO@RAPHlo PERFoaA-roa.

SPECIFICATION forming' part of Letters Patent N'o. 739,398, lated september 22', 1903i Application tiled March 19,1903. Serial No. 148,518. (No model.) Y

- zen of the United States, residing in New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Cryptographic Perforators, of which the following is a specification.

The specific object of, this inventionis to enable either numbers or letters, or both, to be punched or otherwise marked upon bankchecks, labels, and other papers by the use of a far smaller number of punches or markers than has heretofore been the practice.-

In order to attain this object, I have invented a code of marking or a system of cryptography whereby a number or other character 4may be represented by two or three marks by using only two or three punches in place oftwenty or more punches or markers heretofore used.

One of the leading features of my method of cryptographic notation consists in making a universal base-mark for'all numbers and in placing indicative marks at diere'nt distances from said base-mark to represent dif-v ferent digits or numerals, whereby vthe irst indicative mark read in connection with the base-mark signies the digit l, the second indicative mark in connection with the basemark signifies 2, the next 3, and yso on. I find that by charting the indicative marks in three equidistant rows and having three marks in each row nine digits may be represented, and any of them may be easily read, as the reader has merely to gage by the eye the distance and direction of any indicative mark from the hase-mark. It is an easy matter to discern in which row and at'which p0- sition in the row any given mark belongs, even though no other mark (except the basemark) is used in the cryptogram. The basemark not only serves for aidingthe reader to determine which of the nine positions the indicative mark occupies, but also enables him to tell which way t hold the paper in order to v read the cryptogram right. By proper combinations a cryptographics'ystem based upon said nine indicative holes, in connection with two additional indicative holes, may be used for indicating any number from l to 99, and by employing a series of indicative groups in connection with two different universalv baseemarks any desired date may be indicated,

the first section of the cryptogram indicating the ordinal of the month, the second section the day of the month, and thel third section the digits of the year, and'all by the use of a far smaller number of punches or marks than has been found practicable heretofore. In punching checks or sheets in quantities it is punches enables moresheetsto be punched at one time and also permits the use of larger and more powerful punches, which is a desideratum, and for this reason my invention is especially useful.

lfound that any reduction in the'number of, l

My invention has a further advantage in:

that it enables a Adate or other set of characters to be indicated in a manner that is clear to those possessing the key of the` cryptogram or code, but is unintelligible to the general public, thus making the invention valuable for marking labels and for many other purposes.'

While' I herein illustrate a machine adapted to perforate cryptograms upon checksand the like according to my method, it is to be understood that the invention Amay be carried out in numerous ways and thata series ofsuitable markers may be employed formarking otherwise than byperfora'ting and -that the invention broadly includes such a series,

whether with or without mechanism for operating the same. i In carrying out my invention in' aperforating-machine I preferably employ a group v of punches, which, if desired,'may have the form of needles, which may be operated tov and in marking dates according to my method I equip the machine in the present instance with four groups of punches and four corresponding punch-controlling wheels, 4in connection with two diderent base-punches, each wheel being adjustable by itself, so that it may be set to dierent positionsY for operating different punches in the four groups, the first wheel being used' for the months, theV second and the third for the days ofl the month, and the fourth for the year.

'be understood, however, that other combinations of wheels and punches may be used for 'dating and that perforating and other marktod It is tov t ing machines may be otherwise equipped for this and other purposes within the scope of my invention.

In the drawings forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of a performing-machine equipped with means for perforating cryptograph according to my method. This view corresponds, except in a few particulars, to Fig. 3 of Patent No. 475,440, issued May 24, 1892. Fig. 2 is a chart of acryptographic system for use in markingany numeral from l7 to 99.7 Fig. 3 is a sectional front view corresponding generally to Fig. 2 in said patent, but showing in elevation the series of groups of cryptographic punches. Fig. 4 is a plan of the machine shown in Fig. 1 and corresponds, eX- cept in a few particulars, with Fig. 6 in said patent. Fig. 5 is a plan of a perforated platen or female-die plate mounted beneath the punches and seen at Fig. l. This figure may be used as a chart from which any date perforated by any selected punches may be read. In said figure is also shown the grouping of punches for the word Paid, according to the usual practice. All of the punches in this figure are shown in cross-section and as occupying the holes in said plate. Fig. 6 is a diagram of the development of the peripheries ofthe four punch-controlling wheels shown at Fig. 4 and used in marking dates. Fig. 7 shows a series of groups of cryptograms made in accordance with my invention and indicating the different dates specified under the cryptograms.

In the several views like signs denote like parts.

The framing of the machine comprises a base-plate 20, upon which is fastened a block 21, integral with which is formed a hollow needle case or holder 22, within which are 4mounted in this instance three ranges of groups of vertical needles or punches 23, 24, and 25, respectively. Said punches at their upper ends are guided in a fixed perforated plate 2 6 and at their lower ends in a softmetal filling 27, supported upon a fixed plate 2S. The punches are adapted to move down wardly,and beneath them is provided a platen or female-die plate 29, having perforations 30, corresponding with the punches, said platen forming a table upon which the checks pr other papers may rest while being perforated, an opening 3l between the punch-holder and platen being left for the insertion of papers. The punches are provided with shoulders 32, which are engaged by a lifting-plate 33, the latter being raised by members 34 to return the punches to their normal position after actuation in the manner set forth in said patent.

Above the punches four annular punchcontrolling wheels 35, 36, 37, and 3S are revolubly mounted upon a fixed arbor 39, so that any wheel may be turned to any desired position. The periphery of each wheel is preferably divided into twelve facets 40, and on these are formed `groups of idle holes 4l, into wheel-lever 42 being also provided.

which enter during the descent of the group of wheels-Q1. e., during the punching 1nove ment-such punches in the middle group or range 24 as are not intended to be operated, it being understood that the unpierced portion or portions of each of said facets 40 operate to drive down one or more of the punches in a manner set forth in said patent. For effecting the downward movement the arbor 39 is fixed upon a lever 42, pivoted at 43 upon the framework and operated by a link 44 and toggle-lever 45, a return-spring 46 'for the It may here be noted that the plates 47 48, provided upon the lever 42 and flanking the bottom portions of the wheels, serve to operate the outside groups 22% and 25 of needles forperforating the word Paid or any other words or marks in the manner set forth in said patent. Each wheel is provided with a locking or retaining pin 49, which may enter any of the radial holes 50, formed in the wheel between the facets 40, and may also enter a locking-groove 51, formed in the fixed arbor 39 in the manner set forth in said patent.

In Fig, 2 is shown a chart of a simple grouping of punches arranged in three rows, three in a row,-and numbered from 1 to 9, inelusive. At the left-hand upper corner of the diagram is a two-part base-punch 52-that is to say, a punch adapted to make twin holes in the paper-these twin holes servingr as position-holes, from whence the distance and direction of any one or more of the other holes may be gaged by the eye of the reader, and since they always occur at the left-hand upper corner of any cryptogram in which they are used the reader is enabled to tell in what way to hold the paper in order to read the cryptogram correctly. Any other style of base-punch, whether multipartite or simple, may be employed.

It will be understood if the punch l is used alone of the nine indicative punches the reader will perceive that the hole made thereby occupies the position of the iirst hole in the first row, and hence that it is intended to represent 1. Likewise if the second punch in the first row is used alone the reader is enabled to tell from judging the distance between its hole and the base-hole that the second punch in the first row was used, from which he understands that the hole reads 2, and so on with the remaining holes in the series of nine, the reader being easily able to tell in which row the hole falls and at which point in the row, whether the middle point or at one of the end points. At a point without said three rows, and preferably thereabove, I provide, as at Fig. 2, a punch marked 0, which makes a hole to represent a cipher, so that if said hole is punched in connection With any of the other nine digit-holes the combination represents 10,7 20, 30, or other multiple of ten, as the case may be, up to ninety. Said punch 0, it will be noted, has a staggering relation to the punches l IIC I punched in vertical line with any digit-hole which is punched vin con'nection'therewith, whereby liability of confusion and mistakes is avoided. In reading a cryptogram one hole directly above another indicates a combination of two of the digits l to 9, in-

clusive, while two holes one above'the other, but slightly out of line therewith, indicates a combination of a digit with either a double or an O, as the case may be. The staggering of 0 and D thus affords amaterial aid in the quick deciphering of the cryptograms. Y

In denoting numbers -above 11 two punches may be used, such as 1 and 2, .to indicate 12, 5 and 6 to indicate 56, and so on; Ifhowever, it is desired to denote a number in which the tens digit is greater than the unit digit, I prefer to employ three punches in place of two, the third punch being the O seen at the top of the chart, which it will be understood is always to be read in connection with the greater of the two digits punched, so that in case, for instance, a cryptogram is punched with the 3, the 4, and the O the 4: and the O taken together signify 40, and these,

together with the 3, signify 40 plus 3,

or 43, and not 34, since if 34 were intended the 0 would not be used.

It will be understood that in Fig. 2 isshown only one illustration of a method of cryptographic notation and that other methods or other groupingsmay be used within the scope of my improvements and not only for purposes of notation, but also to indicate letters or other characters, if desired. v

I divide the periphery of each punch-controlling wheel 35 to 38 into as many facets as are desired, and it will be understood that every idle hole is seen upon each facet'at Fig, except that hole which would correspond to the particular punch or punches which that facet is intended to operate. At-said figure is illustrated a development of the facets of the four wheels 35 to 38, inclusive. At the beginning .of the first wheel, 35, which is shown at the i y right hand of the set of wheels, it will be seen l,that idle holes are provided for all the punches excepting the first punch in the first row, it being understoodthat the facets are all negatives. This facet will control the punch for marking l and is hence indicated as 1 in said figure. The point at which the punch l impinges upon the facet is indicated by a dot, Whereas the idle holes are lindicated by circles. The next facet on the wheel showsidle holes for all of the' punches exceptthe second one in the rst row, which punch makes a hole or mark'in the cryptogram to indicate 2, and hence'said facet is indicated as 2 in the margin. The third facet is adapted to operate the third punch in the first row, and so on down to t-he ninth facet, which operates the third punch iu the third row. Inthe tenth facet idle holes are shown for all the punches except l and` O, which, taken together, make ten, so that in the margin said facet is marked 10. AThe next facet shows idle holes for all of said punches except the 1 andthe D, (standing for double.) Therefore the holes punched by this facet would mean eleven, so that it is marked 1l in the margin. The next facet showsidle holes forall the punches except 1 and 2, which indicate twelve, as marked in the'margin.

It should be explained that in connection with the retaining-pins 49,-which are inserted in the pin-holes 50 between the wheel-facets, I employ a series of whole numbers from l to 12, which I stamp upon the wheel between the facets 40 in proximity to said pin` holes 50, so that when a pin passes through any of said holes and into the registering slot 5l in the fixed arbor '39 the wheel is in position for controlling a punch or punches to make a cryptogram for the particular number stamped opposite said pin-hole. For instance, when said pin is in the hole marked 3 on the wheel 35, Fig. 6, this being at the top of the wheel, the facet marked 3 in the vmargin is at the bottom of the wheel and in' position for cooperating with the punches therebelow. Thus by inserting the pin 49 in any selected hole and positioning the wheel thereby the operator may set the machine for making any desired cryptogram.

It is obvious that the single wheel 35 may vbe used in a perforating or other marking machine without other wheels and that so long IOO IIO

as it-controls punches for making the desired i 1 cryptograms it is not essential in all cases that the particular controlling means herein shown be employed nor that the punches or needles in all cases be mounted independently of the wheel, it being understood that my improvements may be applied to any construction of perforator or marker and that any kind of punching or marking means may be mounted and operated in any'desired mauner. In this instance the wheel .35 is used for indicating the ordinal of the months, and

in connection therewith the second wheel 36 is used for indicating the digits in the days of the month. Since there are only three of said tens digits necessary` for this purpose, I have provided nine of the twelve facets on said wheel, each with a full complement of three idle holes, into-which may project the entire group ofthree-punches shown at 53 inV Fig. 5, these needles occupying positions 1, 2, and 3, respectively. VIn the iirst facet-on said wheel, it will be observed, are idle holes for the second and third needles, so that said facet may operate the first punch. The second facet has idle holes for the first and third needles, and so operates the second punch, While the third facet has idle holes for the first and second punch, and so operates the third punch. None of the rest of the facets are needed to operate any of the punches, so that all of them are provided with three idle holes, and at suitable points the numbers 1, 2, and 3 are marked opposite the appropriate pin-holes 50, so as to guide the operator in setting the wheel.

Triplicate base-punches 54, (shown at Fig. 5,) which are preferably of larger diameter than the indicative punches,it will be understood, are mounted between the group of punches 53 and the first-described group of punches, (indicated as 54a at Fig. 5.) It will also be understood that no idle holes are provided for said base-punches in any of the wheels, but that the unperforated edge portions of the facets of the wheels beardirectly down upon the base-punches, so that the latter are forced through the paper at every operation of the machine, so as to punch universal or uniform base-holes for all cryptograms, thereby aiding the reader in deciphering the number or sign denoted by any cryptogram The third wheel 37 is used for the unit digit in indicating the days of the month -and is similar in all respects to the first wheel 35, eX- cept that no idle hole or punch D is needed or used in denoting the days of the month. If it is desired to denote 11, each of the wheels 36 and 37 is set to 1, or if 22 each is set to 2. It will also be noted that the facets 11 and 12 on the third wheel 37 are provided each with a full complement of idle holes, since this wheel is not used except for making ten digits from 1 to 0, inclusive, and said facets 11 and 12 are not employed. The group of punches controlled by said wheel 37 is indicated at 55.

The fourth punch-controlling wheel 38 may be similar to the first wheel 35 in all respects, the group of punches controlled thereby being indicated at 56, Fig. 5, so that said wheel is enabled to indicate from L"1 to 12, inclusive, therebydenotingany selected yearinacycle of twelve years. Between the groups 56 and 55 is provided a three-part base-punch 58, which is similar to the base-punch 54. It will be understood that any suitable base-punch may be employed in carrying out my invention, that used at Figs. 2 and 3 being in the form of two circular holes, which taken together may be regarded as a double hole. Vheels having a greater or smaller number of facets may be employed and that there may be less or more than four wheels mounted in a machine for meeting various requirements.

The mechanism operates substantially in the manner set forth in said patent. The operator by manipulating the pin 49 for each of the number-wheels is enabled to set the same, being guided by the normal numbers printed opposite the pin-holes 50. Then the paper is inserted in the opening 31, and the handle 45 is brought down to operate the punches Vand form a cryptogram. At the same time the groups of punches 23 and 25 are operated for punching any desired normal words or characters in connection with the cryptogram, although it will be understood that said groups are putin principally for the sake of illustration and that my `invention may be ernployed either with or without extraneous punching or marking means, as may be de sired. If the operator desires to punch March 26, 1903, for instance, he sets the first wheel with the pin 44 in the hole 50 opposite the numeral 3, stamped on said wheel, the facet 3 being now at the bottom of the wheel. I-Ie then similarly adjusts the second wheel 36 to the pin-hole 2, the third wheel 37 to the hole 6, and the fourth wheel 3S to the hole 3, thereupon inserting the paper and bringing down the handle 45. By this means there will be punched in the paper a cryptogram such as seen in the upper diagram at Fig. 7, from which the reader will readily see that one indicative hole stands at the third point in the upper row at the left of the first basehole, thereby indicating the numeral 3, which is the ordinal for the month of March; that a hole is punched at the second point in the first row at the right of said base-hole, thereby indicating a 2; that a hole is also punched in the third point in the second row at the left of the second base-hole, thereby indicating a 6, which, taken together with said 2, reads 26, meaning the 26th of March. It will also be observed that at the right of the second base-hole ahole is punched at the third point in the first row, meaning 3, whereby it will be understood that the cryptogram means March 26, 1903. In the following cryptogram at Fig. 7 a hole 3 is made by the second wheel, in connection with a 0 hole made by the third wheel, indicating 30, the whole cryptogram indicating June 30, 1906, as is apparent. In the third cryptogram in said gure there is shown at the right of the second base-mark, a hole for 1 and a hole for double, indicating 11, the whole cryptogram reading January 31, 1911. In the fourth cryptogram the second wheel is set with the pin 49 opposite any unmarked hole 50, while the third wheel is set topuncha hole 3, the whole cryptogram indicating December 3, 1945. It will be understood, of course, that for making 45 a differently-perforated year-wheel may be substituted for that illustrated at 38, Fig. 6. At the last cryptogram, Fig. 7, the year indicated is 63, the hole 6 and the hole 0 being taken together to mean 60, and the two holes taken together with the 3 indicating 63, it being understood that if 36 were intended the O hole would be omit- IOO IZO

, punches.

ted.v With a little practice it becomes pospracticable to use a large number of punches in perforating. paper, for which purposes my invention has great utility. It is also useful in cases Where it is desired to place secret marks upon paper or other articles to indicate dates or gures or other characters. For instance, the date ,of manufacture of an article may be marked thereon, sothat in case said article is returned to the manufacturer he may ascertain thed-ate at which he sent it out, while the mark is illegible to the general public. It will be seen that a Idate or other number can be punched or marked in much less space than has been required heretofore. According to saidpatent, for iustance, it requires six wheels to make adate which can be made according to my invention ywit-h four wheels, using less .punches and -occupying less space upon the bank-check or other paper, and it will also -be understood that by using fewer needles it becomes possible to perforate a vthicker pack of papers by a single operation, which is a desideratum.

Thus it Will be seen that-I provide a series of cryptographic markers and make universal base-marks and different individual indicative marks, whereby to form a'series of crypn tograms, the indicative marks of the different members of said series of markers being respectively located at dierent points with relation to the base-marker, so that bynoting the positions of the. various indicativemarks produced thereby relatively to the universal base-mark the reader is informed of the characters represented by the dierent cryptograms. It will also be seen that theindicative `marks of the 4series of markers are not only located, respectively, at different points -with relation to the base-mark, but are also so interrelated that if collated they 'would fall at substantially equidistant points vin substantially equidistant rows-as, for instance, charted in Fig.,2; that the tenth of the seriesof markers-. e., the tenth facet on wheel 35 of Fig. -taken in connection.

withthe punchY operated thereby, makes an indicative mark at a point which would fall without the group of three regularrows for indicatingzero, and that the punch D also occupies aposition without said .three rows for indicating that the numeral represented by any indicative mark Within said three rows is to be doubled to form the 'intendednumbemand that the perforating-machine herein described has adjustable means, including the punch-controlling wheels 35 t'o 38, inclu;- sive,for punchingindividualindicative holes. It will beunderstood that the base holes or marks may be madeby any suitable means4 other than those herein illustrated so long as a universal base-hole is made uponall cryptograms for guiding the reader.

Having thus described my invention, I claimp 1..,A series of cryptographic markers promarks and different individual indicative marks, the indicative markers of the different members of said series being respectively located at different points with relation tothe base-marker, so that by noting the positions of the various `indicative marks produced. thereby relatively to the u niversal base-mark, the reader is informed of the characters represented.

2. A series of ycryptographic markers, all having means for producing a universal basemark, and each marker also having means for producing au individual indicativemark, theindicative markers of the dierent members of the series being located respectively at'dierent points with relation to the basemarkers, and so interrelated that if collated they would fall in a symmetrical group.

3. A series of cryptographic markers, provided with means for producing a universal base-mark, each marker also havingmeaus for producing an individual indicative mark,

the indicative markers of the different memmark, theiudicative markers of the dierenty vided with means formaking universal base- IOO IIO

members of `the series being located respec.- p

tively at different points with relation to the .base-markers., and so interrelated that if col- `latedthey would` fall at three substantially equidistant points in three substantially equi- `distautrows.

5. A series of ten cryptographic numerical markers having means for producing a universal' base-mark, each marker also having ymeans for producing an individual indicative mark, the indicative markers of the different members of the series being located respectively at different points with relationtothe base-marker, and so interrelated that if collated they would fall at three substantially equidistant pointsin three substantially equidistant rows, .the tenth member of said series having an indicative marker atapointwhich would'fall without said rows, for indicating a zero. 6. A series of cryptographicmarkers.having,r means for producing a universal .basemark, each marker also having means for producing an individual indicative mark, the indicative markers of the dierent members of the series being located respectively at different points with relation to the basemarks, and being so interrelated that it collated they would fall at substantially equidistant points in substantially equidistant rows, and at least one member of said series having means for making a plurality of individual indicative marks, to indicate thereby a plurality of characters.

7. A series of cryptographic numerical markers having means for producing a universal base-mark, each marker also having means for producing au individual indicative mark, the indicative marks of the diierent members of said series being located respectively at different points with relation to the base-marker, and so interrelated that if collated they would fall at three substantially equidistant points in three substantially equidistant rows, and at least one of said members ot said series having means for making a plurality of individual indicative marks, of-

Which at least one lies within said three rows and at least one lies without said three rows, the latter for indicating in combination with the former a number having at least two digits.

S. A series of cryptographic numerical markers having means for producing a universal base-mark, each marker also having means for producing an individual indicative mark, the indicative markers of the different members of the series being respectively at different points with relation to the basemarks, and so interrelated that if collated would fall at three substantially equidistant poin ts in three substantially equidistant rows, the tenth member of said series having an indicative mark at a point which would fall without said rows; at least one other member of said series having means for making a plurality of indicative marks, of which at least one lies within said three rows and at least one lies without said three rows, for indicating a number having at least two digits; and at least one other member of said series having means for making a plurality of indicative marks falling at such relative positions Within said rows as to indicate by their combination a number above ll.

9. A series of cryptographic numerical markers having means for producing a universal base-mark, each marker also having means for producing an individual indicative mark, the indicative markers of the diierent members of the series being located respectively at dierent points with relation to the base-markers, and being so interrelated that if collated they would fall at three substantially equidistant points in three substantially cquidistant rows, at least one member of said series having means for making a plurality of indicative marks, whereof one falls within one of said rows, and another falls without said rows, for indicating that the numeral represented by the first-mentioned indicative mark is to be duplicated to form the intended number.

10. A series of cryptographic numerical markers having means for producing a universal base-mark, each marker also having means for producing an individual indicative mark, the indicative markers of the different members of the series being located respectively at different points with relation to the base-markers, and being so interrelated that if collated they would fall at three substan tially equidistant points in three substantially equidistant rows, at least one member of said series having means for making a plurality of indicative marks, whereof one falls within one of said rows, and another falls without said rows, for indicating'that the numeral represented by the first-mentioned iudicative mark is to be duplicated to form the intended number, and at least one other member of the series having means for making a plurality of marks, whereof one falls within one of said rows and another falls at adifferent point without said rows, for indicating by the combination l0 or its multiple.

l1. A markingmachine provided with means for making a universal base-m ark and adjustable means for making individual indicative marks, theindicative marking means for different characters being respectively located at different points with relation'to the base-marker, so that oy noting the position of the indicative mark relative to the universal base-mark, the reader is informed of the character intended to be represented by the combination of marks.

12. A perforating-machiue provided with means for punching a universal base-hole and adjustable means for punching individual indicative holes, the indicative punching means for different characters being respectively located at different points with relation to the base-punch, so that by notingthe position ot' the indicative hole relative to the universal base-hole, the reader is informed of the character intended to be represented by the combination of holes.

13. Aseries otperforating devices each having means for punching a single individual indicative hole, the indicative punching means of the different perforating devices being located respectively at different points and being so interrelated that it' collated they would fall in a symmetrical group.

14. A series ot' nine perforating devices each having means for punching a single individual indicative hole, the indicative punching means of the different perforating devices being respectively at different points, and so interrelated that if collated they would fall at three substantially equidistant points in three substantially equidistant rows.

l5. A perforating-machine comprising a series of adjustable cryptographic numerical perforators, and having means for punching IOO IIO

' perforator's being located respectively at dif-k a universal base-hole; each perforator having means for punching an individual indicative hole, theindicative punches of Vthe dierent ferent points with relation to the base-punch, and so interrelated that if collated they would fall at substantiallyequidistant pointsin substantially equidistant rows.

' at different points with relation -to the basepunch, and `so interrelated thatl if collated they would fall at three substantially equidistant points in three substantially equidistant'.` rows, the 'tenth of said perforators having an indicative punch at a point which would fall without said rows, for punching a hole to indicate a zero.

Y 17. Aperforating-machinecomprisinga series of adjustable cryptographic perforators, and having means for punching a universal base-hole;l each perforator having means for punching an individual indicative hole, the indicative punches of the different perforators being -respectively located at different points with relation to the base-punch, and so 'interrelated' that it collated they would fall at substantially equidistant points in substantially equidistant rows, and at least one of said peri'orators havingV means for punching a plurality of indicative holes, to indicate thereby a plurality of characters.

18. Aperforating-machinecomprisinga seriesot adjustable cryptographic numerical,

perforators, and having means for punching a universal base-hole; each perforator having means for punching an individual indicative hole, the indicative punches of the different perforators being respectively located at different points with. relation to thebase-punch, andso interrelated thatif collated they would fall at three substantially equidistant points in three substantially equidistant rows, and

at least one of said perforators having means for punching a plurality ot indicative holes, of which at least one lies within said three rows and at least one lies without said three rows, for indicating a number having at least two digits. Y Y l 19. Aperforating-machinecomprisingaseries of adjustable cryptographic numerical perforators, and-havingmeans for punching a universal base-hole; each pe'rforator having ineans for punching an individual indicative hole, the indicative punches of the different perforators being respectively at diderent points with rel-ationto the base-punch, and so interrelated that if collated they would fall at three substantially equidistant points in three substantially equidistant rows, and at least one of said perforators having means for punching a plurality of indicative holes, ot'

ries of. adjustable cryptographic numerical i perforators, and having means for punching a universal-base-hole; each perforator having means for punching an individual indicative hole, the indicative punches of the different perforators being respectively at diierent points with relation to thebase-punch,l and so interrelated that if collated they would fall at three substantiallyeqnidistant points in three substantially equidistant rows, and at least one of said perforators having means for punching a plurality of indicative holes, of which one lies within said three rows and one lieswithout said three rows, the latter for indicating a number having at least two digits; at least one other of said'perforatorshaving means for punching a plurality of indicative holes falling at such relative positions within'said rows as to indicate by their combination a knumber consisting of a series of digits, and at least one other 'ofsaid perforatorshaving means for punchinga plurality of indicative holes, whereof one fallswithin one 4ot' said rows, and another falls without said rows and indicates that the digit represented by the tirst indicative-hole is to be duplicated toform the intended number, y y

. 2l.y A double series of cryptographic mark,-

v ers provided with means for making a universal base-mark, each memberof each seriesbeing provided with means for making an indi# 'vidual indicative mark, the indicative marks of the` different markers being respectively located at different points with relation tothe base-mark, those inone series being adapted IOO IIO

to mark upon the opposite side of said" basemark from those in the other series, and the indicative marking means` of the different markers being so interrelated that if collated they would fall in two symmetrical groups,

one group at eachvside of the base-mark.'

22. A perforatingmachine comprising two graphic numerical perforators and means for rator in each of the sai'dsets having means for punching an individual indicativehole, the indicative punches of the dilerent perforators in the two sets beinglocated respec@ tively atdierent points relative to the basepunch, and` so interrelated that if the holes produced thereby weresuperposed or collated they would fall at three substantially equidistant points in three substantially equidistant rows upon each side of the base-hole.

23. A date-marker comprising means for markingtwo different basefmarks, means for making cryptographic marks at dicrent 'independently-adjustable sets of cryptopoints upon the left-hand side of the first of j the base-marks for indicating the ordinals of the months, means for making crytographic marks at different points upon the right-hand side of the first base-mark toindicate the tens digits in the days o f the month, means for making cryptographic marks upon the lefthand side of the second base-mark to indicate the unit digits in the days of the month, and means for making cryptographic marks at different points upon the right-hand side ofthe second base mark for indicating the unit digits in the years.

24. A date-perforator com prising means for making two different base-holes, adjustable means for punching cryptographic holes at different points upon the left-hand side of the first of the base-holes for indicating ordinais of the months, adjustable means for punching cryptographic holes at dierent points upon the right-hand side of the first base-hole to indicate tens digits in the days of the month, adjustable means for punching cryptographic holes upon the left-hand side of the second base-hole to indicate unit digits in the days of the month, and adjustable means for punching cryptographic holes at dilerent points upon the right-hand side of the second base-hole forindicating unit digits in the years.

25. Adate-perforatorcomprising means for making two different base-holes, adjustable means for punching cryptographic holes at diierent points between said base-holes to indicate by their combinations days of the month, and means for punching cryptographic holes on the outer sides of said baseholes to indicate the month and year.

26. A series of perforating devices having means for punching a universal multipartite base-hole, and each perfor-ating device also having means for punching an individual indicative hole, the indicative punching means of the different perforating devices being respectively located at different points With relation to the base-punch, so interrelated that if collated they would fall in a symmetrical group.

27. A perforating-machine provided with means for punching a universal base-hole, an adjustable Wheel, and means operable by said wheel for punching individual indicative holes, the indicative punching means for the different characters being respectively located so as to operate at dierent points with relation to the base-punch, so that by noting the position of the punched yindicative hole relative to the universal base-hole, the reader is informed of the character intended to be represented by the combination of holes.

2S. A performing-machine comprising adevice for punching a base-hole, a series of independently-movable punches mounted in a symmetrical group, and adjustable means for operating any selected punch or punches, said adjustable means including a wheel having a series of groups of idle holes, each group corresponding to the grouping ofthe needles, except that in each group bue idle hole is omitted, a different hole being omitted in each group, so that the punch falling opposite the omitted hole may he driven by contact with the periphery ot' the wheel, and so that upon noting the position of the hole so punched with reference to the base-hole also punched, the reader is informed of the character intended to be represented by the combination of holes.

29. A performing-machine comprising a device for punching a base-hole, a series of independently-movable punches mounted in a symmetrical group, and adjustable means for operating any selected punch or punches, said adjustable means including a Wheel having a series of groups of idle holes, each group corresponding to the grouping of the punches, except that from each group one idle hole is omitted, a different idle hole being omitted from each group, so that the punchfalling opposite the omitted hole may be driven by contact with the periphery of the Wheel, and a series of normal characters for guiding the operator in setting the wheel.

30. Aperforming-machinecomprisingadevice for punching a base-hole, a series of independently-movable punches mounted in a symmetrical group, and adjustable means for operating any selected punch or punches, said adjustable means including a wheel having a series of groups of idle holes, each group corresponding to the grouping of the punches except that from each group one idle hole is omitted, a different hole being omitted from each group, so that the punches falling opposite the omitted hole may be driven by contact with the periphery of the Wheel, a series of normal characters marked upon said Wheel to denote the characters corresponding to the holes omitted in the various groupings, and means for positioning said Wheel, said normal characters being so placed upon the wheel that when any one thereof is in apposition to said positioning means, the group of holes denoted thereby is in operative relation to said group of punches.

3l. Aperforating-machine comprisingadevice for punching a base-hole, a plurality of symmetrical groups of independently-movable punches, and a plurality of adjustable means for operating together any selected punch in the several groups, said adjustable means includinga plurality of independentlyadjustable punch-controlling Wheels each having a series of groups of idle holes, each group corresponding to the grouping of the associated punches, except that from each group 011e idlehole is omitted, a different hole being omitted from each group, so that the punch falling opposite the omitted hole maybe driven by contact With the periphery of the Wheel.

32. Aperforating-machinecomprisingade- IOS vice for punching a base-hole, a plurality of symmetrical groups otindependently-movable punches, and a plurality of adjustable means for operating together anyV selected punch in the several groups', said adjustable meansincludinga plurality of independentlyadjustable punch controlling wheels each having a series of groups of idle holes, each group corresponding to the grouping of the associated punches, except that from each group one idle hole is omitted, a d-ierent hole being omitted from each group, so that the punch falling opposite the omitted hole may be driven by contact with the periphery of the wheel, one wheel with its punches being mounted at one side of said` base-punch, and another wheel with its punches being mounted at the other side thereof, s'o that all of the indicative marks may be read with reference to the base-hole.

33. A perforating-machine comprising a de vice for punching a base-hole, a plurality of symmetrical groups of independently-movable punches, and a plurality of adjustable means for operating together any selected punch in the several groups, said adjustable means including a plurality of independentlyadjustable punchcontrolling wheels each having a series of groups of idle holes, each group corresponding to the grouping of the associated punches, except that from each group one vidle hole is omitted, a diierent hole being omitted from each group, so that the punch falling opposite the omitted hole may be driven by contact with the periphery of the wheel, and a series of normal characters marked upon each of said wheels, to denote the characters cryptographically indicated by the holes punched by means of the various groupings. j

t 34. A marking-machine having means for making a universal base-mark, and means includin g two independently-ad j ustable wheels, for making a double series of individual indicative marks, the indicative markers of the different wheels being respectively located at different points with relation to the basemarker, those on one wheel being mounted so as to mark upon the opposite side ofthe basemark from those on the other wheel, and the indicative markers of the two Wheels being so interrelated that if collated they would fall in two symmetrical groups, one vgroup at each; side of the base-marker.

35. A perforating-machine comprising a universal base-punch and two independentlyadjustable wheels, each having upon its periphery a set of cryp tographic numerical-perforators, each perforator in eachof said sets having means for punching an individual indicative hole, the yindicative punches of tthe different perforators in the two set-s being respectively at different points relatively to the base-punch, and so interrelated that if colf lated they would fall at three substantially equidistant points in three substantially equiv distant rows upon each side of the base-punch, 36. A date-perforator comprising meansfor making two diierent base-holes, a wheel having means for punching cryptographic holes at different points upon the left-hand side,of the irst of the base-holes, for indicatingordinals of the months, a wheel having means'for punching cryptographic` holes at `different points upon vthe right-hand side of vthe first base-hole, to indicate tens digits in they daysof the month,a wheel having means for punching cryptographic holes upon the left-hand side v of the second base hole, to indicateY unit digits in the days of the month, and a wheel having means for punching cryptographic holes at different points upon the right-hand side of the second 'base-hole for indicating unit digits of the years.

37. Adate-perforator comprising means for making two different base-holes, an adjustable Wheel having means for punching cryptographic holes at different points upon the left-hand side ofthe iirst of the base-holes, for indicating ordinals of the months, an adjustable wheel having means for punching cryptographic holes at different points Abetween said base-holes to indicate days ofthe month, and an adjustable wheel having means for punching cryptographic holes at dierent points upon the right-hand side of the second base-hole, for indicating unit digits of the l

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