US72573A - Gustavus weissenborn - Google Patents

Description

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glatten 'gisten ateut @ffice GUSTAV US WEISSENBORN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y, Letters' Patent/N0. 72,573, dated December 24, 1867 antcdated December 11, 1867.

IMPROVED MACHINE FOB. MAKING PSAT FUEL.- l

fitte ttettte tetettet te it tlgete tettet ttett mit meting' niet tt tte stmt.

fro ALL wHoM 1T. MAY conocen:

Be it known that I, GUsTAvUs WEIssENnonN, of the city of New York, in the county ot New York, and inA the State of New York, have invented certain `new and useful Improvements for the Purpose ef Pressing Dry und Wet Peat; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof.

I will first give a general and then a detailed description of what I consider the best means of carrying out my invention, and will afterwards designate the points which I believe to be new.

The accompanying drawings form a part of this specification.

Figure l'is a perpendicular longitudinal section of my machine.

Figure 2 is a top view.

Figure 3, a front elevation.

Figure 4, a top view of the cross-head.

Figure 5, a front view, and

Figure 6 a side view of the same.

Figure 7,'a perpendicular section of an addition to the pressing-cylinder, with turned grooves and holes in it.

Similar letters of reference indicate the corresponding parts in. all the figures. Names arc employed merely to aid in distinguishing parts.

The material is indicated thus:` Indigo, for cast iron; Prussian blue, for wrought iron and cast steel; gamboge, for brass; red, for copper; brown, for peat.

The object of my invention'is for pressing dry and wet puiverized peat, the former to be compressed with greater facility and less wearing to such parts of the machine as are exposed to the-heavy.pressure for solidifying the dry peatdust,.and, with regard to wet peat, to have it worked in such a manner that, when wet pulver# ized peat enters the pressing-cylinder, it will .be perfectly dry' after it has passed through the press.

Plan A illustrates acomplete machine for pressing dry peat, and, with some changes, will answer for wet peat, only a different mode of operation must be observed. I have observed, on peat-presslng machines, that perfectly dry peat-dust has been the cause ,of breaking the heaviest machinery, especially when the peat was of a lrst quality, containing a great quantity of oily matter. With a percentage of water from fifteen to twenty per cent., the compressed peat had not the same compactness and solid appearance as -if pressed from perfectly dry peat-dust. In order to manufacture iirst quality of peat-blocks, I have constructed a machine which will produce a peat-block almost equal to the solidity of anthracite coal.

Now, to accomplish this, I have arranged such mechanical devices as will be seen in Plan A, iig. 1, consisting of a cast or wrought-iron casing or box, A10 Aw A A, which is kept under a full o r partial vacuum by means of a pump connected with the suctionfpipes A, while the dry peat-dust passes. from its upper vesselv throughv the lower, and into the pressing-box. The air in the peat-dust, when exposed to a heavy pressure, has produced such an intense heat as to be vory injurious to the linings of the pressing-box, so that it required very frequent repairing or renewal of the same. The excessive .heatof .the vapors of acids, contained in the peat-d1 1st, had also a very had effect upon the iron or steel, and break-downs of the machine have been very frequent. These lacid vapors were eating up the inside surfaces of the polished linings; consequently, caused greater resistance to the pressing of the compressed peat-blocks than was otherwise required. New, in pressing dry peat-dust under a vacuum, only a moderate degree'of heat will be produced, just suiicient to soften the oily matter con-l` tained in the peat, in order to unite the particles of peat into a solid block, which dcvelopes only about half the resistance, and requires but half the power to make the-peat-blocks lof equal compaotness or solidity, as if' pressed intermixed with air. It is preferable to have two reservoirs, A, instead of one, on the top of 'the feeding and vacuum-chambers A A, in order that while one is kept under a full or partial vacuum, and shutoff, by mechanical devices, from the access of air, the other canbe filled with peat-dust. While the peat-dust is confined to a full or partial vacuum, the pipe A16 is connected with a vessel about half full of oil, containing not more than one or two gallons of oil. I do not use heatto evaporate the oil in the box or v esse1,but1et the .I particles of oil rise slowly into the vacuum, for the-purpose of greasing the surfaces of the peat-blocks, whichv come into immediate contact with the linings of the pressing-cylinder orbox.

Oil vapors have been found, in practice, to have the same bad efect, to prevent the uniting ofthe particles of peat together, as water vapors; it discharged the compressed blocks in such an imperfect state, that they could easily be broken into pieces by hand, and would notbe suitable for transportation, while, without it, the peat-blocks became so solid that they c ould be thrown upon stoneswithout breaking to pieces.

My arrangement, of connecting the pipe A1 Aw with an oil-chamber, may not beA required in all cases.' Its application depends on the manner in which the peat has been'dried. VAirdried`peat on the field contains a greater quantity of oily substances and vegetable acids,and will be a very good fuel forsteam-b'oile'r and other furnaces, but may not answer to be burned in private dwelling-houses, owing to the had smell, which is caused by the vegetable acids.

In a peat-manufacturing establishment different qualities of fuel ,must be manufactured, to answer the wants of the public. For instance, my method or process, patented October 16, 1866, in forcing superheated steam or heated air through the wet pulverized peat, removes all the bad smell, and makes a very superior quality of fuel for domestic uses, free of prejudice as to badsmell. It belongs to another department to say any more on' drying;4 I therefore drop that subject, and continue with my general description for compressing dry peat.

V V V V, to the extreme right and left of the pressing-cylinders A5 A5, are steam-chambers, allowing the oil or water vapors to escape, through the holeslto 11, into the same, which collect in the peat-blocks, from the i heat 'produced bythe heavy pressure, and come then again into contact with the exterior of the peat-blocks,

through the holes, forthe purpose of greasing the same. .Other vapors, 4of oil or water, may'iiilso be admittedA through the pipes Agg-for the same purpose of'saving friction and wearing tothe linings. .To prevent obstruction to the vholesrl tb 11, by blocking up, it is necessary to make them wider on the outside, and have them gradually tapered to the inside. i

The eccentric, Cl, has a solid loose ring on the outside of the eccentric, made of one or two piecespfor the purpose of preserving the eccentric and cross-head'from wearingor cutting eachother. It has also the advantage of saving friction, as the ring rolls or moves on the eccentric, and -remains stationary on the cross-head when a heavy pressure is put upon it. i Y

The eccentric, C-, through its direct connections with a steam-engine, revolves either to the right or left,v and causes the reciprocating vmotion of the cross-heads Cf C4 and plungers D6 D6 through the four connections C Cu C C, and produces, at each stroke, a peat-block, Il P1, to the right and left, and moves the whole mass of blocks in the cylinder each time one block further, until they reach the end of' the pressing-cylinder, for discharge, and are then conducted, on a. suitable wooden table, to a convenient place for storage. Sullcient A resistance is offered by the blocks pressing against the sides of the cylinders'direct, or against the linings of the .pressing-cylinders. The resistance te the pressing-plungers can also be regulated by the surrounding chambers V V V V, in permitting more vapors to enter or escape from the chamber.

Another useful and valuable arrangement is my feeding-device, consisting of steam-cylinder, D, placed.

on the top of the cross-heads C* C4, operating, through the medium of a piston and pressure of'steam, in com bination with a rod and the guides D5, with the hollow plungers D, or, if made solid, with the plungers C, to give a few strokes to the hollow or solid plungers while the eccentric Cl'makes one revolution. If I arrange a solid plunger, then I have the part G1?, to move backwards and forwards in the'cross-head C* C.

Some other mechanical device may valso be arranged, consisting in the combination of levers, operated by u. cam or eccentric, placed on the main shaft, or working an eccentric through intermediate gearings, for giving one, two, three, or more strokes, while the eccentric makes one revolution. In operating my machine without an arrangement of this kind, only smaller blocks will be pressed, which will reduce the production of a machine to about half the'weight, which will be'felt very considerably in the cost of production. The same motion may also -be'applied to the pressing-cylinders. One, two, three, or more strokes may be given to the same while one revolution is. made by the eccentric C1. Of the'same arrangement a caveat has been filed by me, July 5, 1866.4 -This concludes now my general observations on my process for pressing dry peat successfully. Now, for pressing wet peat. Thesame machine will answer, with the exception of Vthe pressing-cylinders or boxes, which require a perforated cylinder all the length through; mere so, when the first pressure `is given to the peat, than on the discharge-end. No vacuum is required in the chambers Au Au. An air-pump is new connected to the motion-pipes A8 A8 ASA?, to draw the water which collects in the blocks into the vacuumchambers V V V. I use not only a vacuum, in'drawing out the water, but the resistangerof the peat-blocks, pressing against each other, greatly facilitates inV expelling thelwater from them. The vacuum-chambers may be made of any length, or additional boxes may be bolted to the o ne represented in drawing, marked A5 A, to

be from one to five. or more feet long, or ofany suitable length 'which will accomplish a satisfactory result, in

receiving dry peat-blocks at the discharge when wet pulvcrized peat is charged or enters the press. It may be, in practice, that I use the upper chamber for the admission of hot air, and the lower chamber as a suction or vacuum-chambcr, or vice versa, to obtain a better result.

It is self-evident that this is a cheaper method than pressing dry peat-dust. The machines can be built simpler in construction than for dry'peat-dust, but, as I have mentioned before, the dry peat-dust operation may he preferable for certain qualities of fuel used for domestic purposes.

The cost of drying wet pulverized peat has been a very expensive operation; it must, therefore, beef the greatest importance for peat-manufacturers to get the peat dry while standing under pressure without any detention to the operation of the machine. In other language, wet pcat-dust is charged or enters Lhc press,`

and is discharged perfectly dry for use.

Plan A. represents a horizontal machine for compressing peat-dust, dry or wet. The sume may be set upright, with the eccentric above, and may be made single-acting instead of double-acting. The latter plan may be preferable, as being of greater strength anddurability. rlherc was one objection to the horizontal sysA v zam tem, not supplying the pressing-cylinderup to its fullest capacity, which,.however, is now removed with my new improvements, consisting of the fcedingdevice. A I Vmay also build my horizontal machines single-acting.. I will new proceed to give a dotailcd` description of my peat-pressing machine.

A, lig. 1, is a cast-iron foundation-plate, bolted with its framework upon a brick or stone wall, W. A and Az are cast or \\'roughtiron frames and guides. IThe twoframes are made in two halves,joining at or near the centre of the framing, as shown withtwo lines, o o, (sce iig'. The lower frame, A2, ifmade of cast iron, may becast to the bed-plate A. The eccentric, C1, receives its rotating motion through the shaft C2 G2, which is coupled to the main shaft of a steam-engine with its ily-wheel attached to it. The eccentric, Q1, has one, two, or more loose rings on the circumference, which will move with thcmotion of the eccentric when the heavy pressure is put upon it. It may also move on the eccentric, and remain stationary when pressing against the cross` head. The eccentric, CL, is made either solid or bolted to the shaft C2 with one, two, or more bolts; it gives, by its rotating'motion, the action-to the cross-heads C* C", to the pressing-plungers C C, and the steel casings or hollow plungers D6 D6 D5 DS.' The steel casings Dl Di are secured to the'cast-iron guide l)5 D5, which is connected on'the topiby a bolt and jaw D* D* to a piston-rod, receiving its motion through the steam-pressure upon the pistbn. By the admission of steam into the cylinder D D, one, two, three, or morestrokes can be given to the hollow pressingplungers DBD D6 D5, for the purpose of feeding the pressing-eylinder to its fullest capacity while one revolution is made with the eccentric C1. The two cross-heads C* C* are connected with each other by means of eight brackets, OG, and four braces, Cu C C C, having collars, C, and nuts, C", to keep them firmly to the cross-head'brackets. A3 A3 are the pressing-boxes, with one bracket on each side, as shown in' fig. 2, and kept by two bolts, B1 Bl, on each side, to the side of the upper frame A and lower frame A2. For the sake of convenience, it may be preferable to bolt the pressing-boxes tothe end of the frames A and A2, to

`the right and left, and have one or two bolts, abo-ve and below of the frames, to extend from one end to .the

otherin holding the pressing-boxes against the'side of they frames. One or two bolts, above and below, on each side, will strengthen at the same time the frames very considerably. A0 Ao are the steel linings; A?l A5 the perforated pressingeylinder, with its vacuum oLsteam-chamberiV V V V. The holes into the pressing-cylinder are marked 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8,- 9, 10, 11. These holes are made onan increased taper towards theoutside, or their discharge. A5 As arepipes for the vapors of oil or other matter to be carried into or from the chamber. A7 A7 are covers which are secured by screws. I may use in practice either both chambers VIV as-a vacuum or steam-chamber, or one as a vacuum and the other as a steamchamber. The perforated box A5 A5 is bolted to the pressing-box A3 A3 by the bolts B3. A12 A12 are the casing of a dust-peat chamber, with two adjusters, F* F4, to regulate the quantity of peat-dust for pressing. These adjusters, F* F4, are regulated by the levers .F (see lig. 3) attached t0 a shaft, FZ, and two spur-wheels F3 F3. F5 is a guard, holding thev lever F by a bolt. E is a pulley, which is secured to the shaft El, and is operated from'the main shaft by a belt. To the shaft E1 issecured a spur-wheel, E2, which operates another spur-wheel on another shaft to move the peat-dust feeders EE. A1 Aw are castiron casings for the peat-dust, and are so arranged that theycanbe kept under a partial or full vacuum. A16

A are two pipes, which communicate with a box or vessel co'ntainingcil, abonthalf `lled. A A9 are two `feeding-boxes, which must have an air-tight joint where the pressing-plunger D6 enters the same. That joint can -be made with India-rubber or metallic packing. The'vacuum-chamber A10 and feeding-chamber A9 are bolted together at the ilanges A13 A13. The feeding-boxes A9. A9 are bolted by the bolts B? on the anges to the pressingbox A3 A3. All the joints must be made perfectly air-tight. AlM isa suction-pipein connection with an airpump. B B B B are holding-down bolts, to secure the peat-pressing n'achine to the brick or stone foundation W. In fig. 2, C8 C8 CS C are the gibholders of the cross-benito guide and adjust the plungers. C16 C6 C Cl are set-screws for the gibs. 3 3 3 3 are keys to adjust the side-journals marked 1.

Having now fully'described the nature of my invention, what I claim asnew, and desire to secure by Ilet-l ters Patent, is as follows: e v

1. I claim the construction of the frames ofthe machine solid or in two parts, so as to join them at or about the-centre of the shaft, and cast or bolt the lower half, A, to the bed-plate, and to make the upper .frames AA and lower frames A2 Afef wrought iron,4 or make the upper alone of wrought iron, ysubstantially the same as described. y

2. I claim the lsurrounding steam, hotair, or vacuum-chambers V V, of the pressing-cylinder A5,- to use one asa hot-air chamber, and the other as a vacuum-chamber, or both as a vacuum or steam-chamber for oily' or water vapors, in combination or separately with the perforatedpressing-cylinders, substantially the same as herein set forth.

3. I, claim the combination of one, two, or more receivers, A, with the horizontal feeders'Ef'EB, and

`vacuum and feeding-chambers A10 Aw and A9 A, the same as herein described.

4. I'claim the direct application of an eccentric, with or without a loose ring on its circumference, acting directly, or with an intermediate movable or stationarysteelor composition plate upon the pressing-piangere C and C, and cross-head C* C, substantially the same as herein described.

5., I claim the application of the cross-heads()4 C4 to operate in opposite directions, connected by four braces,

or moving independent of each other, substantially the same asherein set forth.

6. I claim the arrangement for giving an independent motion tothe pressing-plnngers C and D6, by which te move either the hollow or solid lun er C, or'the ressin lu'n er with the cross-head, once twice, or more.

P g P E P S strokes while the main eccentric makes one revolution,` for the purpose of feeding the pressing-box with peatdust, substantially the same'as described.

7. I claim the perforated or grooved pressing-boxes, Withtapered holes, gradually enlarged towards the outside, for -thc purpose as herein set forth.`

, rama t .4 8. I claim the Aconstruction ofthe pressing-boxes A3 Afin such a manner that the same are bolted from the inside or outside to the side of the frames .A and A2, or to thevbedplate, substantially the same as described.

9. Ielaim the Yadjusting and regulating of the supply of peat-dust by means of adjusting the blades F* F in 4combination with the spurqvheels FB'F" and lever F, substantially as described.

10. I claim dividing the motion of' the main eccentric, with the pressing-boxv or chamber for horizontal'or upright action, so that a portion-of the motion may be transferred through the medium of two eccentrics or cams on the main shaft, at the outside ofthe frames, for the purpose of saving power and receiving larger blocks, subi stantially the same as described.

11. I claim the combined upright or horizontal actionof the eccentric C without an intermediate connectinglink or rod, operating the prcssing-plungers, substantially the same as herein set forth.

12. I claim the process of' compressing dry pulverized peat under a full or partial vacuum, arranged in such a manner as herein set-forth.

13. I claim the process of feeding wet pulverized peat, and drying it, while passing through the pressingcylinders of the press, through its own pressure, in pressing and drawing the water from it through the medium of an air-pump connected with the pipes A8 A8, so that the blocks are perfectly dry when discharged from the press, substantially the same as described. y

14. I claim connecting an oi1-vessel with the vacuum-chamber ofthe press, substantially the same as herein described. Y

15. I claim, for an upright machine, in placing the main eccentric or eec'entrics on the top or bottom, between two frames, with one, two, or more plungers, substantially the same as set forth. In testimony whereof, I havehereunto set my hand in the presenceof two subscribing witnesses.

GUsrAvUs `wnrssnrns ORN. I

Witnesses:

L. Wonnnn, M. MONDIRGER.

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