US7222622B2 - Gas-dispensing device with self-contained gas container having a diffusion membrane - Google Patents

Gas-dispensing device with self-contained gas container having a diffusion membrane Download PDF

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Publication number
US7222622B2
US7222622B2 US10/250,357 US25035703A US7222622B2 US 7222622 B2 US7222622 B2 US 7222622B2 US 25035703 A US25035703 A US 25035703A US 7222622 B2 US7222622 B2 US 7222622B2
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United States
Prior art keywords
gas
dispensing device
membrane
chamber
self
Prior art date
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Expired - Fee Related, expires
Application number
US10/250,357
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English (en)
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US20040040558A1 (en
Inventor
Georgios Psaros
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Maquet Critical Care AB
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Maquet Critical Care AB
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Assigned to SIEMENS ELEMA AB reassignment SIEMENS ELEMA AB ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PSAROS, GEORGIOS
Assigned to MAQUET CRITICAL CARE AB reassignment MAQUET CRITICAL CARE AB ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SIEMENS ELEMA AB
Publication of US20040040558A1 publication Critical patent/US20040040558A1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/04—Tracheal tubes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M15/00—Inhalators
    • A61M15/0028—Inhalators using prepacked dosages, one for each application, e.g. capsules to be perforated or broken-up
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/01—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes specially adapted for anaesthetising
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/12—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours by mixing different gases
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/14—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours by mixing different fluids, one of them being in a liquid phase
    • A61M16/18—Vaporising devices for anaesthetic preparations
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/14—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours by mixing different fluids, one of them being in a liquid phase
    • A61M16/18—Vaporising devices for anaesthetic preparations
    • A61M16/183—Filling systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
    • A61M2202/02—Gases
    • A61M2202/0241—Anaesthetics; Analgesics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
    • A61M2202/02—Gases
    • A61M2202/0266—Nitrogen (N)
    • A61M2202/0275—Nitric oxide [NO]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/82—Internal energy supply devices
    • A61M2205/8218—Gas operated
    • A61M2205/8225—Gas operated using incorporated gas cartridges for the driving gas

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to a gas-dispensing device for dispensing a gas into a breathing gas, of the type having a membrane through which the gas can diffuse into the breathing gas.
  • the invention also is directed to a breathing apparatus having such a gas-dispensing device.
  • the physician may sometimes wish to supplement the breathing gas with a medical gas.
  • NO is an example of a medical gas, but there are other gases with a therapeutic or other effect (e.g. anesthetic, analgesic).
  • One way to dispense a gas is to utilize a membrane permeable to the gas. The rate of diffusion then governs the amount dispensed. Connecting a gas source containing the gas to be dispensed into the flow of breathing gas in a breathing apparatus via a membrane is known.
  • the gas source may be bulky. Patient transport then becomes more difficult, or dispensing may need to be interrupted during transport.
  • the gas source can also require more rigorous safety precautions to ensure that the gas source does not leak. This is the case for e.g. NO and anesthetic gases.
  • the gas-dispensing system must be equipped to prevent overdosing, even if the membrane or some other component (e.g. a pressure regulator) should fail.
  • Another disadvantage of known techniques is that special monitoring equipment, or special pressures combined with fixed valves etc., are required if a specific total amount (a given amount of gas) is to be dispensed.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a gas-dispensing device that eliminates, at least in part, the problems associated with gas-dispensing devices according to the prior art.
  • Another objective is to provide a breathing apparatus, which allows the dispensing of a gas into breathing gas in a simple and uncomplicated fashion that is still safe and accurate.
  • the first object is achieved in accordance with the invention in a gas-dispensing device having a membrane through which gas can diffuse into breathing gas, and having a self-contained chamber in which the gas to be dispensed is contained at a predetermined overpressure, with the membrane forming a part of the wall of the self-contained chamber.
  • a self-contained chamber is charged with a specific amount of gas to be dispensed. This is accomplished by filling the chamber with gas at a specific overpressure and closing it.
  • the chamber also contains a membrane through which the gas diffuses. When the chamber is placed in the flow paths of a breathing apparatus (or when at least the membrane is placed in contact with the flow paths), the enclosed gas is continuously dispensed. Since the diffusion is mainly governed by the partial pressure difference on both sides of the membrane, the overpressure need not be particularly large.
  • Gas dispensing can be suitably regulated by covering the membrane with a covering means (preventing leakage before use) that can be removed to differing extents. This exposes the membrane to varying degrees, and the amount dispensed can thereby be varied. The total amount dispensed can never exceed the amount held in the chamber.
  • the chamber contains a donor substance for the gas.
  • the donor substance could be a liquid (e.g. anesthetic liquid) or a solid (e.g. an NO donor material). As long as there is a donor substance present (or as long as the donor substance provides the gas), a partial pressure will be sustained.
  • the gas-dispensing device In order to achieve completely uniform gas dispensing, it is advantageous for the gas-dispensing device to have a pressure device that maintains pressure inside the chamber.
  • One such pressure device can be e.g. a spring-loaded piston that compresses the gas.
  • Pressure in the dosage container can be measured with a pressure gauge.
  • the pressure gauge can advantageously be battery-powered.
  • the gas-dispensing device could be equipped with a refill device, particularly when the gas-dispensing device is incorporated into or a fixed part of the breathing apparatus.
  • the refill device can be adapted for refill of gas and/or donor substance.
  • the second object is achieved in accordance with the invention in a breathing apparatus for supplying breathing gas to a patient having a gas-dispensing device of the type described above.
  • having a separate gas-dispensing device placed in the flow paths may sometimes be unsuitable.
  • the breathing apparatus could then be suitably devised so the gas-dispensing device is a fixed, integral part of the breathing apparatus.
  • Integrating the gas-dispensing device with a tracheal tube or inspiratory line would then be particularly advantageous.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a first embodiment of a gas-dispensing device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a second embodiment of a gas-dispensing device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a third embodiment of a gas-dispensing device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a breathing apparatus according to the invention, indicating locations at which a gas-dispensing device according to the invention can be located or incorporated.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a gas-dispensing device 2 according to the invention.
  • the gas-dispensing device 2 has a closed chamber 4 holding a gas, at a predefined overpressure, to be dispensed.
  • a membrane 6 is arranged at one end of the chamber 4 .
  • the membrane 6 can occupy a smaller or larger part of the chamber 4 .
  • Gas inside the chamber 4 diffuses out into atmosphere when the membrane 6 is uncovered.
  • the gas-dispensing device 2 is placed in the flow paths of a breathing apparatus, the gas can be dispensed into a breathing gas.
  • a covering means covers the membrane 6 before the membrane is put into use. This prevents leakage of gas before dispensing is to take place.
  • FIG. 1 shows how the covering means can be formed by different segments 8 A-C removed, one at a time (one segment has already been removed to show the membrane), from the chamber 4 .
  • the magnitude of the dispensed dose can be selected by exposing the membrane to differing degrees. For example, exposure of a small area of the membrane 6 can be selected for neonates, a somewhat larger area for infants etc. up to the largest area for adults.
  • Pressure (the partial pressure of the gas) in the gas-dispensing device 2 drops as the gas diffuses out through the membrane 6 . This leads, in turn, to a drop in the amount of gas dispensed. This is an advantage with some gases, since it leads to gentler tapering off of medication. However, more uniform dispensing is desirable with other gases.
  • One way to maintain the amount of gas dispensed is to increase the area of exposed membrane 6 by removing more segments 8 A-C.
  • FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of a gas-dispensing device 10 .
  • the gas-dispensing device 10 can be connected to a system of tubing on a breathing apparatus via a first connection end 12 A and a second connection end 12 B. Breathing gas can flow e.g. as designated by the arrow 14 .
  • the gas to be dispensed is in a chamber 16 and is dispensed into the flow of breathing gas 14 via a membrane 18 .
  • a small piston 20 is arranged to compress the gas so as to keep gas dispensing as constant as possible over time.
  • the piston 20 is driven by a spring 22 .
  • Relatively constant gas dispensing can be achieved, as long as any gas is left in the chamber 16 , by the choice of dimensions for the chamber 16 and the piston 20 and the type of spring 22 .
  • FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of the gas-dispensing device according to the invention, in the form of a tracheal tube 24 in this instance.
  • the tracheal tube 24 has an end 26 devised for insertion into a patient's airways.
  • Gas in a chamber 28 is dispensed via a membrane 30 into the breathing gas flowing through the tracheal tube 24 .
  • the partial pressure of the gas is maintained for a prolonged time by providing the chamber 28 with a donor substance 29 for the gas.
  • the donor substance could be a liquid or a solid. As long as the donor substance can provide the gas, an essentially constant dosing of the gas is maintained.
  • the chamber can be refilled with fresh gas and/or donor substance via a refill nipple 32 when necessary.
  • FIG. 4 shows one embodiment of a breathing apparatus, in the form of a ventilator 34 , according to the invention.
  • the ventilator 34 can be connected to a patient 36 in order to supply her/him with breathing gas.
  • the breathing gas can consist of one or more gas components.
  • FIG. 4 depicts the ventilator 34 with a first gas inlet 38 A and a second gas inlet 38 B to illustrate this.
  • the gases are mixed in the correct proportions and quantities in a gas regulator 40 .
  • the breathing gas then flows through an inspiratory channel 42 to an inspiratory line 44 .
  • the inspiratory line 44 is connected to a 3-way connector 46 .
  • the 3-way connector 46 is connected to a tracheal tube 48 and to an expiratory line 50 .
  • the expiratory line 50 carries breathing gas from the patient, via an expiratory valve 52 , to atmosphere or an evacuation (not shown).
  • a control unit 54 controls the ventilator.
  • Other common components in the ventilator 34 such as pressure and flow gauges, are not shown in FIG. 4 because they are well known.
  • a first gas-dispensing device 56 A is shown in the inspiratory channel 42
  • a second gas-dispensing device 56 B is shown connected to the inspiratory line 44
  • a third gas-dispensing device 56 C is shown connected to the inspiratory line 44
  • a fourth gas-dispensing device 56 D is shown connected to a tracheal tube 48 .
  • the second and fourth gas-dispensing devices 56 B, 56 D can be the gas-dispensing devices shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 respectively.
  • gas-dispensing devices can be equipped with one or more segments according to FIG. 1 , a piston and spring according to FIG. 2 , donor substance and a refill nipple according to FIG. 3 .
  • gas-dispensing device can be used with respirators, anesthetic machines, sub-acute devices (e.g. for home nursing) etc.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
US10/250,357 2001-01-10 2001-11-15 Gas-dispensing device with self-contained gas container having a diffusion membrane Expired - Fee Related US7222622B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0100065A SE0100065D0 (sv) 2001-01-10 2001-01-10 Doseringsanordning
SE0100065.2 2001-01-10
PCT/SE2001/002540 WO2002055144A1 (fr) 2001-01-10 2001-11-15 Dispositif distributeur de gaz

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20040040558A1 US20040040558A1 (en) 2004-03-04
US7222622B2 true US7222622B2 (en) 2007-05-29

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US10/250,357 Expired - Fee Related US7222622B2 (en) 2001-01-10 2001-11-15 Gas-dispensing device with self-contained gas container having a diffusion membrane

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US7222622B2 (fr)
EP (2) EP1522327B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2004517664A (fr)
CN (1) CN1238070C (fr)
AT (1) ATE291456T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2002214517B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR0116742A (fr)
CA (1) CA2434012C (fr)
DE (1) DE60109647T2 (fr)
SE (1) SE0100065D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002055144A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE0402217D0 (sv) * 2004-09-15 2004-09-15 Maquet Critical Care Ab Ventilanordning
US9566407B2 (en) * 2013-06-28 2017-02-14 L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Nasal cannula assembly with flow control passage communicating with a deformable reservoir
US9517318B2 (en) * 2013-06-28 2016-12-13 L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Method of delivering medical gases via a nasal cannula assembly with flow control passage communicating with a deformable reservoir
US9486600B2 (en) 2013-06-28 2016-11-08 L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Nasal cannula assembly with inhalation valves communicating with a deformable reservoir
US9522248B2 (en) 2013-06-28 2016-12-20 L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Breathing assistance apparatus for delivery of nitric oxide to a patient by means of a nasal cannula assembly with flow control passage

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3634053A (en) 1970-04-06 1972-01-11 Inst Gas Technology Odorization method and apparatus
US3833116A (en) 1969-12-08 1974-09-03 Georgia Pacific Corp Package of containerized goods
US4552555A (en) 1981-07-31 1985-11-12 Alza Corporation System for intravenous delivery of a beneficial agent
EP0783896A1 (fr) 1995-12-01 1997-07-16 Siemens-Elema AB Dispositif de dosage
EP0806216A1 (fr) 1996-05-06 1997-11-12 Siemens-Elema AB Dispositif de dosage pour l'addition d'un gas ou d'un liquide au gas respiratoire, dans un appareil anesthésique ou respirateur
US6070577A (en) * 1997-05-29 2000-06-06 Troup; Jan M. Reserve air for underwater diving
US6484720B1 (en) * 2000-10-20 2002-11-26 Applied Marketing, Inc. Five spring regulator

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3833016A (en) * 1973-01-02 1974-09-03 Meloy Labor Inc Apparatus for precisely controlled dilution of fluid samples
US5287852A (en) * 1993-01-13 1994-02-22 Direct Trends International Ltd. Apparatus and method for maintaining a tracheal stoma

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3833116A (en) 1969-12-08 1974-09-03 Georgia Pacific Corp Package of containerized goods
US3634053A (en) 1970-04-06 1972-01-11 Inst Gas Technology Odorization method and apparatus
US4552555A (en) 1981-07-31 1985-11-12 Alza Corporation System for intravenous delivery of a beneficial agent
EP0783896A1 (fr) 1995-12-01 1997-07-16 Siemens-Elema AB Dispositif de dosage
US5845633A (en) * 1995-12-01 1998-12-08 Siemens Elema A.B. Dosing device for adding a controlled amount of a gas to a fluid
EP0806216A1 (fr) 1996-05-06 1997-11-12 Siemens-Elema AB Dispositif de dosage pour l'addition d'un gas ou d'un liquide au gas respiratoire, dans un appareil anesthésique ou respirateur
US6070577A (en) * 1997-05-29 2000-06-06 Troup; Jan M. Reserve air for underwater diving
US6484720B1 (en) * 2000-10-20 2002-11-26 Applied Marketing, Inc. Five spring regulator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2434012C (fr) 2010-05-25
WO2002055144A1 (fr) 2002-07-18
CN1238070C (zh) 2006-01-25
EP1349603B1 (fr) 2005-03-23
CN1486201A (zh) 2004-03-31
EP1349603A1 (fr) 2003-10-08
EP1522327A3 (fr) 2005-08-03
DE60109647D1 (de) 2005-04-28
BR0116742A (pt) 2003-12-23
CA2434012A1 (fr) 2002-07-18
SE0100065D0 (sv) 2001-01-10
DE60109647T2 (de) 2006-02-02
ATE291456T1 (de) 2005-04-15
EP1522327B1 (fr) 2016-01-06
JP2004517664A (ja) 2004-06-17
US20040040558A1 (en) 2004-03-04
AU2002214517B2 (en) 2006-02-02
EP1522327A2 (fr) 2005-04-13

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