US7205760B2

US7205760B2 - Beam axle with integral sensor mount and target

Info

Publication number: US7205760B2
Application number: US11/001,496
Authority: US
Inventors: Blair J. Swanson
Original assignee: American Axle and Manufacturing Inc
Current assignee: AMERICA AXLE & MANUFACTURING Inc; American Axle and Manufacturing Inc
Priority date: 2004-03-22
Filing date: 2004-12-01
Publication date: 2007-04-17
Also published as: BRPI0501075B1; DE602005003694T2; BRPI0501075A; EP1580061A1; US20050206222A1; US20070145815A1; US7345469B2; DE602005003694D1; KR20060061202A; EP1580061B1

Abstract

A vehicle axle assembly having an axle housing, an axle shaft and a sensor. The axle housing has a tubular portion. A flat is formed on an annular wall of the tubular portion proximate a distal end of the tubular portion. A hole, which intersects the flat, is formed through the tubular portion. The axle shaft can have an integrally formed target portion that includes a plurality of teeth. The sensor is mounted in the hole and abuts the flat to space a tip of the sensor apart from the teeth of the target portion by a predetermined distance.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/555,192 filed Mar. 22, 2004.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention generally relates to vehicle axles and more particularly to an axle assembly that may include an axle housing with an integral mount for a wheel speed sensor and an axle shaft with an integral sensor target or exciter ring.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Modern vehicles typically include an axle assembly having a housing and a differential assembly. The housing includes a cavity into which the differential assembly is positioned. The differential assembly is rotatably supported by the housing within the cavity. The differential assembly is mechanically coupled to the vehicle engine by a drive shaft. The differential assembly is also coupled to the vehicle drive wheels via a pair of axle shafts. The differential assembly regulates drive torque between the axle shafts, thereby permitting the shafts to rotate at different velocities as when one of the drive wheels is slipping.

Modern automotive vehicles frequently include systems, such as traction and stability control systems, that identify wheel slip conditions and responsively control the vehicle (e.g., engine, transmission, braking system) to reduce or eliminate wheel slip in certain instances. In such systems, a sensor is typically employed to sense the speed of a wheel or another component, such as the axle shaft, that has the rotational speed of the wheel.

One relatively common arrangement utilizes a Hall-effect sensor, which is mounted to the axle housing, and an exciter ring that is typically press-fit to the axle shaft. This arrangement typically employs a relatively large boss that is welded to the housing of the axle. Once the boss has been secured to the axle housing, several machining steps are required to drill and ream holes for the sensor, as well as to drill and tap a hole for the fastener that is employed to both orient the sensor and secure the sensor to the axle housing.

While such arrangements are suited for their intended purpose, they are nonetheless susceptible to improvement. For example, an arrangement that did not employ a discrete boss would be advantageous in that it would eliminate a part, eliminate the welding operation and would permit the sensor to be mounted relatively further outboard toward the brake mount flange where it would permit the sensor to mounted relatively closer to an outboard axle shaft support bearing. This latter aspect is important in that the sensor could be located to an area where the axle shaft experienced relatively less deflection. Also, an arrangement that did not employ a discrete sensor target, such as a sensor ring, would be advantageous in that it would eliminate a part.

Accordingly, a need exists for an axle assembly with a sensor mount which is smaller in size and reduces assembly time.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one form, the present teachings provide a vehicle axle assembly having an axle housing, an axle shaft and a sensor. The axle housing has a tubular portion. A recess or flat is formed on an annular wall of the tubular portion proximate a distal end of the tubular portion, and a hole, which intersects the flat, is formed through the tubular portion. The axle shaft has an integrally formed target portion that includes a plurality of teeth. The sensor is mounted in the hole and abuts the flat to space a tip of the sensor apart from the teeth of the target portion by a predetermined distance.

Further areas of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary vehicle constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a partially cut away perspective view of a portion of the vehicle of FIG. 1 illustrating the rear axle assembly and propshaft in greater detail;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a portion of the rear axle assembly;

FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view in partial section of the rear axle assembly; and

FIG. 5 is a sectional view illustrating a portion of a second rear axle assembly constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The following description of the preferred embodiment is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses.

With reference to FIG. 1 of the drawings, a vehicle having an axle assembly that is constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention is generally indicated by reference numeral 10. The vehicle 10 includes a driveline 12 drivable via a connection to a power train 14. The power train 14 includes an engine 16 and a transmission 18. The driveline 12 includes a propshaft assembly 20, a rear axle assembly 22 and a plurality of wheels 24. The engine 16 is mounted in an in-line or longitudinal orientation along the axis of the vehicle 10 and its output is selectively coupled via a conventional clutch to the input of the transmission 18 to transmit rotary power (i.e., drive torque) therebetween. The input of the transmission 18 is commonly aligned with the output of the engine 16 for rotation about a rotary axis. The transmission 18 also includes an output 18 a and a gear reduction unit (not shown). The gear reduction unit is operable for coupling the transmission input to the output 18 a of the transmission at a predetermined gear speed ratio. The propshaft assembly 20 is coupled for rotation with the output 18 a of the transmission 18. Drive torque is transmitted through the propshaft assembly 20 to the rear axle assembly 22 where it is selectively apportioned in a predetermined manner to the left and right

rear wheels

24 a and 24 b, respectively.

With additional reference to FIG. 2, the rear axle assembly 22 is shown to include a differential assembly 26, a left axle shaft assembly 28 and a right axle shaft assembly 30. The differential assembly 26 includes a housing 32, a differential unit 34 and an input shaft assembly 36. The housing 32 supports the differential unit 34 for rotation about a first axis 38 and further supports the input shaft assembly 36 for rotation about a second axis 40 that is perpendicular to the first axis 38.

The housing 32 includes a wall member 42 that defines a central cavity 44 having a left axle aperture 46, a right axle aperture 48 and an input shaft aperture 68. The housing 32 may include a pair of axle tubes 52 that are fixedly mounted to the wall member 42. With additional reference to FIG. 3, the axle tube 52 may include an annular collar 54, which may be formed by swaging or rolling, so as to provide a portion of the axle tube 52 with a wall thickness that is relatively thicker than adjacent portions of the axle tube 52. A recess or flat 56 may be formed (e.g., cast, machined) into the annular collar 54 of the axle tube 52. The flat 56 may be offset from the first axis 38 by a predetermined distance and may form a datum that will be discussed in greater detail, below. A hole 58, which intersects the flat 56, may be formed through the annular collar 54.

The differential unit 34 is disposed within the central cavity 44 of the housing 32 and includes a gearset 60. The gearset 60 includes first and second side gears 62 and 64, respectively, and a plurality of pinions (not shown). The left and right axle shaft assemblies 28 and 30 extend through the left and

right axle apertures

46 and 48, respectively, where they are coupled for rotation about the first axis 38 with the first and second side gears 62 and 64, respectively. A flange 66, which may be employed to support a brake assembly (not shown), may be coupled to a distal end of both the left and right axle shaft assemblies 28 and 30.

The input shaft assembly 36 extends through the input shaft aperture 68 where it is supported in the housing 32 for rotation about the second axis 40. The input shaft assembly 36 is coupled for rotation with the propshaft assembly 20 and is operable for transmitting drive torque to the differential unit 34. More specifically, the drive torque received by the input shaft assembly 36 is transmitted to the differential unit 34 such that drive torque is distributed to the first and second side gears 62 and 64, causing the left and right axle shaft assemblies 28 and 30 to rotate about the first axis 38.

The left and right

axle shaft assemblies

28 and 30 may include an axle shaft 70 that is supported for rotation in the axle tube 52 about the first axis 38. Each of the axle shafts 70 may include an externally splined portion 72 that may meshingly engage a mating internally splined portion (not specifically shown) that is formed into the first and second side gears 62 and 64, respectively.

With reference to FIG. 3, the left axle shaft assembly 28 is shown in greater detail. As one of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate from this disclosure, the left side of the axle assembly is a mirror image of the right side. As such, a detailed discussion of the left side will suffice for both. The left axle shaft assembly 28 may further include a bearing 74, an axle shaft 70 and a sensor 76 that is coupled to the axle tube 52. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate from this disclosure that although the particular axle assembly illustrated has a semi-floating configuration, the teachings of the present invention are applicable to other types of axle assemblies, including full-floating axle assemblies.

The axle shaft 70 may be integrally formed and may include a bearing support portion 78, a target portion 80, and an intermediate portion 82 onto which the externally splined portion 72 (FIG. 2) may be formed. The target portion 80 may have a plurality of target features, such as radially-extending, circumferentially spaced-apart teeth 84 that may be formed in a roll forming operation. In the particular example provided, the bearing support portion 78 is formed with a first diameter, the intermediate portion 82 is formed with a second, relatively smaller diameter and the target portion 80 is formed with a third diameter that is intermediate the diameters of the bearing support portion 78 and the intermediate portion 82. Appropriately sized and contoured transition sections 86 may be employed between the bearing support portion 78, the target portion 80 and the intermediate portion 82 so as to reduce stress concentrations, etc.

The bearing 74 may support the axle shaft 70 for rotation in the axle tube 52. In this regard, the bearing 74 may be pressed into the axle tube 52 such that elements (e.g., rollers 88) support the bearing support portion 78 of the axle shaft 70 when the axle shaft 70 is installed thereto. A conventional seal 90 may be coupled to the axle tube 52 in a conventional manner to retain lubricating fluids in the axle tube 52 as well as to inhibit the transmission of dirt, debris and other contaminants to the interior of the axle tube 52. The seal 90 may include one or more seal lips 92 that sealingly engage the bearing support portion 78 of the axle shaft 70.

If employed, the progressively increasing sizes of the intermediate portion 82, the target portion 80 and the bearing support portion 78 permit the axle shaft 70 to be installed to the axle tube 52 with relatively less risk of damaging the seal 90 as compared with the known axle assembly arrangements. In this regard, the target portion 80 of the axle shaft 70 is relatively smaller in diameter than the bearing support portion 78 and moreover, the amount by which the axle shaft 70 may be tilted relative to the first axis 38 is limited as a result of the length of the intermediate portion 82.

When the axle shaft 70 is installed to the axle tube 52, the target portion 80 is radially aligned to the flat 56 that is formed on an annular collar 54 of the axle tube 52. A sensor 76, which may be a Hall-effect sensor, may be installed directly to the axle tube 52. In the particular example provided, the sensor 76 includes a body portion 94 and an abutting flange 96 and the sensor 76 is an active Hall-effect sensor.

The hole 58 in the axle tube 52 may including a mating threaded portion 98 that is configured to threadably receive the threads 100 that are formed on the body portion 94 of the sensor 76. The increased thickness of the annular collar 54 ensures that the threads 100 of the body portion 94 and the mating threaded portion 98 engage one another over a distance that is sufficient to fixedly but removably secure the sensor 76 to the axle tube 52. Optionally, a sealant (not shown) may be applied to the threads 100 and/or a seal member, such as an O-ring (not shown), may be employed to form a seal against the axle tube 52 to inhibit fluid communication through the hole 58.

In contrast to the known arrangements, the present configuration eliminates two components, i.e., a boss (not shown) that would otherwise be welded to the axle tube and a discrete sensor target (not shown) that would otherwise be coupled, e.g., press-fit, to the axle shaft. The reduction in part count not only reduces the overall cost of the system, it also improves the performance and reliability of the system through the elimination of stack-up. Moreover, as a relatively large boss (not shown) is not employed, the location of the sensor 76 may be place relatively closer to the flange 66 that supports the brake assembly (not shown).

While the hole 58 has been described thus far as including a mating threaded portion 98 that is adapted to threadably engage the sensor 76, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention, in its broader aspects, may be constructed somewhat differently. For example, another mechanical fastening means may be employed to secure the sensor to the axle tube 52 and/or to orient the sensor in a particular orientation as shown in FIG. 5. In this embodiment, the sensor 76 a includes a mounting flange 120 that is axially spaced apart from and disposed about the tip 122 of the sensor 76 a. The hole 58 a in the axle tube 52 a is not threaded but rather sized to receive a portion of the sensor 76 a. A seal member, such as an O-ring 124, may be fitted about the body of the sensor 76 a and configured to sealingly engage the side of the hole 58 a. An auxiliary hole 126 is also formed into or through the axle tube 52 a and is sized to threadably engage a fastener 128 that is employed to both secure the sensor 76 a to the axle tube 52 a and orient the sensor 76 a in a desired manner. The fastener 128 is fitted through an associated aperture 130 in the mounting flange 120 and threadably engages the auxiliary hole 126.

While the invention has been described in the specification and illustrated in the drawings with reference to various embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the claims. Furthermore, the mixing and matching of features, elements and/or functions between various embodiments is expressly contemplated herein so that one of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate from this disclosure that features, elements and/or functions of one embodiment may be incorporated into another embodiment as appropriate, unless described otherwise, above. Moreover, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment illustrated by the drawings and described in the specification as the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include any embodiments falling within the foregoing description and the appended claims.

Claims

1. An axle assembly for a vehicle, comprising:

an axle housing having a tubular portion, a recess being formed on an annular wall of the tubular portion proximate a distal end of the tubular portion, a proximal end adapted to be coupled to a differential assembly, a hole being formed through the tubular portion and intersecting the recess, the recess defining a datum surface, and at least one flange coupled to the distal end of the tubular portion adjacent to the recess, the at least one flange adapted to support a brake assembly;

a bearing mounted in the tubular portion of the axle housing;

an axle shaft disposed in the tubular portion of the axle housing and supported by the bearing, the axle shaft having a shaft end and an integrally formed target portion, the shaft end being adapted to be coupled to a differential side gear, the target portion including a plurality of teeth and being disposed proximate the bearing on a side that is between the shaft end and the bearing; and

a sensor coupled directly to the tubular portion of the axle housing, the sensor being mounted in the hole and abutting the recess to thereby space a tip of the sensor apart from the teeth of the target portion by a predetermined distance.

2. A method comprising:

forming an axle housing with a tubular portion having a first end and a second end, the tubular portion including a recess that is formed on an exterior surface of the tubular portion at the first end, a sensor aperture being formed through the tubular portion generally transverse to the recess;

forming an axle shaft including a target portion;

coupling a flange to the first end of the axle housing adjacent the sensor aperture;

coupling the second end of the axle housing to a differential assembly;

mounting a bearing in the tubular portion proximate the hole;

inserting the axle shaft into the tubular portion so that the target portion is disposed in-line with the sensor aperture, the axle shaft having a shaft portion that is supported by the bearing; and

inserting a sensor into the sensor aperture and abutting the sensor against the recess.

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:

threading the sensor into engagement with the tubular portion.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein the sensor includes a mounting flange and a threaded fastener is employed to fixedly but removably couple the sensor to the tubular portion.

5. The method of claim 2, wherein the sensor is a Hall-effect sensor.

6. The method of claim 2, wherein the target portion includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart teeth.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the teeth are integrally formed with the shaft structure.

8. The method of claim 2, wherein prior to inserting the axle shaft, the method further comprises installing a shaft seal to the tubular portion.

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:

disposing the bearing between the shaft seal and the sensor aperture.

10. An axle assembly for a vehicle, comprising:

an axle housing defining a central cavity, the housing including a tubular portion with a sensor mount, the sensor mount including a recess formed on an annular wall of the tubular portion proximate a distal end of the tubular portion and a hole that is formed through the tubular portion and intersecting the recess, the recess defining a datum surface, and a flange coupled to the distal end of the tubular portion adjacent to the recess, the flange adapted to support a brake assembly;

a differential unit disposed in the central cavity, the differential unit including a side gear, the differential unit coupled to a proximal end of the axle housing;

an axle shaft disposed in the tubular portion of the axle housing, the axle shaft having a shaft end and a target portion, the shaft end being coupled to the side gear, the target portion including a plurality of teeth, the target portion being disposed proximate an end of the axle shaft opposite the shaft end; and

11. The axle assembly of claim 10, further comprising a bearing mounted in the tubular portion of the axle housing, the axle shaft being received into the bearing such that the bearing rotationally supports the axle shaft.

12. The axle assembly of claim 11, further comprising a shaft seal coupled to the tubular portion, the shaft seal sealingly engaging the axle shaft, the bearing being disposed between the shaft seal and the sensor.

13. The axle assembly of claim 12, wherein a portion of the axle shaft that is supported by the bearing has a diameter that is relatively larger than a diameter of the target portion.

14. The axle assembly of claim 10, wherein the axle shaft includes a shaft structure and the target portion is integrally formed with the shaft structure.

15. The axle assembly of claim 10, wherein the sensor is threadably engaged to the tubular portion.

16. The axle assembly of claim 10, wherein the sensor includes a mounting flange and a threaded fastener is employed to fixedly but removably couple the sensor to the tubular portion.

17. The axle assembly of claim 10, wherein the sensor is a Hall-effect sensor.

18. The axle assembly of claim 10, further comprising:

a bearing mounted in the tubular portion of the axle housing, the axle shaft being received into the bearing such that the bearing rotationally supports the axle shaft,

wherein a portion of the axle shaft that is supported by the bearing has diameter that is relatively larger than a diameter of the target portion.

19. An axle assembly, comprising:

an axle housing defining a central cavity and including a tubular portion with a sensor mount formed proximate to its distal end and a flange secured to the tubular portion adjacent to the sensor mount for supporting a brake assembly, the sensor mount including a recess formed in an outer surface of the tubular portion to define a mount surface and a hole extending through the mounting surface;

a differential rotatably supported by the axle housing within the central cavity;

an axle shaft rotatably supported in the tubular portion of the axle housing and having an end portion and a target portion, the end portion coupled to the differential and the target portion aligned with the hole in the sensor mount; and

a sensor secured to the sensor mount such that a tip portion of the sensor is in proximity to the target portion of the axle shaft and a mounting portion of the sensor engages the mounting surface of the recess.

20. The axle assembly of claim 19 wherein the target portion of the axle shaft includes a plurality of teeth.

21. The axle assembly of claim 20 wherein the teeth are formed integrally on the axle shaft.

22. The axle assembly of claim 19 wherein the tubular portion of the axle housing includes a collar having a wall thickness that is larger than the wall thickness at the distal end, and wherein the sensor mount is formed in the collar.