US71754A - Improvement in the manufacture of iron - Google Patents

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1) win WI HENDRICKSON, or NEW YORK, N. Y

Letters Peeene'Ne. 71,754, dated December a, 1867.

IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON.

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known'that I, DAVID W. Hsnnnrcnson, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented a new andusefulImprovement in the Smelting or Manufacturing of Iron, suitable for converting or makinginto steel by the Bessemer process, direct from the furnace; and I hereby declare the following to be a full and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which are lettered tocorrespond with and form a part of the specification. 1

In order that the public may fully understand the nature of my invention, andthose skilled in the manufacture of iron be enabled to use the same, I will describe it as follows, to wit: i v

My improvement consists in placing zinc or manganese, or both, in, the natural metallic'state, or as an oxide, or as in the Franklinite ores of New Jersey/United States, or as combined inany zinc or zinciferous oxides or ores, in the furnace, to be used with magnetic, brown, or red hematites, bog or specular iron ores,with any suitable flux, and with anthracite or bituminous coal, brown "lignite, peat, or charcoal, as a fuel, in combi nation with a compound blast of superheated steam and hot or cold air, to be commingled in the tuyere-chambor or chambers, and discharged through the same tuyere or tuycres into the bottom of the ore-chamber of the furnace.

Mode of Operation. 7

, In supplying or charging the furnace, Figure 1, letter ,A, I first placethe zinc or manganese, or both, or Franklinite ores, over the fuel, B, and immediately under the iron ore C, and then charge the furnace in the ,usual manner with fuel, B, flux and Franklinite D, iron ore C, and so continue the charges in rotation, using from ten (10) to thirty (30) per cent. of Franklinite or zincifcr-ous ores for a mixture or flux, as the quality of the iron or oresto be smeltedmay demand. When the furnace is fully heated, I then admit the compound blast of superheated steam and air, hot or cold, through the tuyere or tuyeres F, into the said furnace, whereby the iron is made to part with its deleterious gases, which, by the presence of the zinc in a volatile oxide state, are carried ofi" through the top of the furnace to the openair, with the heat and carbonic acid gas.

"The usual forms of furnaces may be used with a fair prospect of success; but I prefer my own improve ments in furnaces, as allowed on the 28th day of May, 1867, as the compound blast, and the commingling of the lighter gases in the same tuyeres, as set forth in my arrangcment of tuyeres, particularly constructed for the compound blast. i

In smelting, I particularly desire to use the Franklinitc ores of New Jersey, United States, as found at Sterling and Hamburg, and those of Altenberg, near Aix-la-Chapelle, in Europe, which ores contain from fifteen to twenty per cent. of oxide of zinc, ten (10) to twenty (20) per cent. of manganese, forty to fifty per cent; of iron, and ten (10) to twenty (20)per cent. of pure lime. I consider this particular ore the most suitable and powerful agent, either as a flux or a mixture, for improving, purifying, and carrying 0d and sepa= rating all iron ores from sulphur and phosphoric acid, when used in combination with thecompound blast of superheated steam and air, either the blast or canola-furnace, when preparing the iron who used for making steel by the Bessemer process, or other purposes.

When the Franklinite ore is-uscd I'would avoid using the common limestone for flux, as there is sufiicient lime in the spar, combined with the ore, to create enough slag in the furnace to make the said furnace worli smoothly and welhand cause a saving of fuel; besides, most of the common limestone in ordinary use contains a percentage of phosphoric acid, which is one of the most injurious acids to be found in iron for making Besse mer steel, or where great strength is required. The combination of the Eranklinite and the compound blast of superheated'steam and air,-will make a stronger, tougher, and generally a better iron, with. twice the. tensile strength, for all merchantable'purposes, of any iron now known to commerce.

The zinc, in its volatile state, will purify the ores and metallic iron. The maganese is an essential ingredient in the manufacture of good steel, and-I believe the compound blast of superheated steam and air will create and keep up a more powerful and intense heatthan any other agent now in practical use, forming, as it were, a compound oxyhydrogep blow-pipe, causing the ores to melt more rapidly, preventing themineralizing of the sulphur and phosphoric acid with the molten iron, also creating a saving of fifty (50) per cent. of fuel for sa as an... A

one ton of anthracite coal, or one and one-quartei- (l-k) ton of prepared peat, with Franklinite as a flux, will make one ton of pig-iron, and by the same blast and flux in the cupola-furnaee, one hundred (100) pounds of anthracite coalwill melt one ton of scrap or pig-iron.

I am aware that zinc and Franklinite ores have been used for purifying iron and iron ores, and that manganese has been used in the preparation of iron for steel purposes, and that steam and water have been usedin combination with the same; but I am not aware that a compound blast of superheated steam and air hasbeen used in combination with the above ores and iron ores suitable for and adapted to the Bessemer process of making steel.

Claim.

Therefore, what I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent-of the United States of America, isj I The use of zinc or zinciferous ores, manganese, or the Franklinite ores, as a. flux or a mixture in ironfurnaces, in combination with the compound blast of superheated steam and air for manufacturing iron suitable for the Bessemer process of and for manufacturing steel and other purposes, substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein set forth, and shown in the accompanying drawings.

In testimony whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name, in presence of three witnesses.

I D. W. HENDRICKSON. Witnesses: I

SARAH E. Hanoaiexson,

J. P. MCLEAN,

W Wnronr.

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