US7109365B2 - Processes for solubilizing organometallic compounds in fluorinated solvents by addition of a partly fluorinated non-catalytic co-solubilizer - Google Patents
Processes for solubilizing organometallic compounds in fluorinated solvents by addition of a partly fluorinated non-catalytic co-solubilizer Download PDFInfo
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- US7109365B2 US7109365B2 US10/722,195 US72219503A US7109365B2 US 7109365 B2 US7109365 B2 US 7109365B2 US 72219503 A US72219503 A US 72219503A US 7109365 B2 US7109365 B2 US 7109365B2
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- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1CCCC1 Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCKZMQDIKWUETM-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1=OCOC([Y])=C1 Chemical compound CC1=OCOC([Y])=C1 MCKZMQDIKWUETM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
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- B01J2531/827—Iridium
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- B01J2531/94—Fluorinated solvents
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- B01J2540/00—Compositional aspects of coordination complexes or ligands in catalyst systems
- B01J2540/20—Non-coordinating groups comprising halogens
- B01J2540/22—Non-coordinating groups comprising halogens comprising fluorine, e.g. trifluoroacetate
- B01J2540/225—Non-coordinating groups comprising halogens comprising fluorine, e.g. trifluoroacetate comprising perfluoroalkyl groups or moieties
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- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
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- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
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- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
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- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
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- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
- B01J31/181—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine
- B01J31/1815—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine with more than one complexing nitrogen atom, e.g. bipyridyl, 2-aminopyridine
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- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
- B01J31/2204—Organic complexes the ligands containing oxygen or sulfur as complexing atoms
- B01J31/2208—Oxygen, e.g. acetylacetonates
- B01J31/2226—Anionic ligands, i.e. the overall ligand carries at least one formal negative charge
- B01J31/223—At least two oxygen atoms present in one at least bidentate or bridging ligand
- B01J31/2234—Beta-dicarbonyl ligands, e.g. acetylacetonates
Definitions
- the present invention relates to methods for solubilizing organometallic compounds in fluorinated solvents by addition of a co-solubilizing agent.
- the co-solubilizing agent is a partly fluorinated co-solubilizer.
- a fluorinated tail is added to an organometallic compound to cause the organometallic compound to become soluble in a fluorinated solvent.
- the organometallic compound which is normally not soluble in fluorinated solvents, becomes completely miscible in fluorinated solvents.
- Such materials can be used in many arts such as, for example, electrical arts, electrostatographic arts, computer arts, and the like.
- the organometallic compound and fluorinated solvent solution can be useful as, for example, electrically or thermally conductive soluble fluoropolymer-ceramic hybrids or intermediates, electroluminescent fluorinated fluids or polymer coatings, photosensitive fluorinated fluids or coatings, colored fluorinated fluids or soluble polymer coatings for display devices, fluorinated carrier fluids for metal oxide film formation (where low surface tension of fluorinated fluids are desirable), thermochromic fluorescent or electrochromic fluorinated fluids or coatings, wire coatings such as electrode wire coatings in electrostatographic apparatuses, and many other applications.
- the partly fluorinated co-solubilizer does not act as a catalyst, but instead, acts as a filler or additive, and is present in the final solution.
- Fluorinated solvents are preferred vehicles for many substances. Fluorinated solvents are preferred because they are thermally insulative, have low surface energy, can have low boiling points, and can be recyclable or recoverable.
- Embodiments of the present invention include: a process for solubilizing an organometallic compound in a fluorinated solvent to form an organometallic solution, comprising adding and reacting a co-solubilizer comprising a partly fluorinated polymer, an organometallic compound, and a fluorinated solvent, wherein the partly fluorinated co-solubilizer has the ability to cause the organometallic compound to become miscible in a fluorinated solvent, and wherein the partly fluorinated co-solubilizer does not react as a catalyst and is present in the organometallic solution.
- Embodiments further include: a process for solubilizing an organometallic compound in a fluorinated solvent to form an organometallic solution, comprising adding and reacting a partly fluorinated co-solubilizer, an organometallic compound selected from the group consisting of a superconductor and superconductor precursor, and a fluorinated solvent, wherein the co-solubilizer has the ability to cause the organometallic compound to become miscible in the fluorinated solvent, and wherein the partly fluorinated co-solubilizer is not a catalyst and is present in the organometallic solution, and further wherein the partly fluorinated co-solubilizer has the following formula I: R 1 —(CF 2 ) n —R 2 wherein n is a number of from about 0 to about 25; R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and each is selected from the group consisting of CF 3 , hydrogen, hydroxyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, amino
- embodiments include: a process for solubilizing an organometallic compound in a fluorinated solvent to form an organometallic solution, comprising adding and reacting a partly fluorinated co-solubilizer, an organometallic compound, and a fluorinated solvent, wherein the partly fluorinated co-solubilizer has the ability to cause the organometallic compound to become miscible in the fluorinated solvent, and wherein the partly fluorinated co-solubilizer does not act as a catalyst and is present in the organometallic solution, and further wherein the partly fluorinated co-solubilizer has the following formula III: CF 3 (CF 2 ) q (CH 2 ) r —COOH wherein q is a number of from about 0 to about 25, and r is a number of from about 1 to about 25.
- the present invention relates to methods for solubilizing organometallic compounds in fluorinated solvents by addition of a co-solubilizing agent.
- the co-solubilizing agent is a partly fluorinated co-solubilizer.
- a fluorinated tail is added to an organometallic compound to render soluble the organometallic compound in a fluorinated solvent.
- the organometallic compound which is normally not soluble in fluorinated solvents, becomes completely miscible in fluorinated solvents due to the addition of the partly fluorinated co-solubilizer.
- the fluorinated co-solubilizer does not act as a catalyst, but instead, acts as a filler or additive, and is present in the final organometallic composition.
- a co-solubilizer comprises a partly fluorinated polymer.
- partially fluorinated polymers refers to fluorinated polymers that are not completely fluorinated, and contain units or chains other than fluorinated chains.
- the partly fluorinated polymers may comprise hydrocarbon chains, hydrocarbon units, hydrocarbon substituents, or any carbon-hydrogen bonds, inserted within or adjacent to units containing carbon-fluorine bonds and to units containing other carbon-hydrogen bonds, provided that the resulting partly fluorinated polymer has sufficient chemical and thermal stability to satisfy the process and use requirements.
- the partly fluorinated polymers are soluble in fluorinated solvents.
- the partly fluorinated polymers may be amorphous, thereby giving them excellent light transmission properties.
- the partly fluorinated polymers are solution-coatable and have a low surface energy, and therefore, smooth, thin and uniform low surface energy coatings can result.
- a co-solubilizer is a substance, which when added to a mixture renders the solute of that mixture soluble by reaction with the solute.
- a co-solubilizer is normally soluble in the solvent. Without the co-solubilizer, the solute would otherwise not be soluble in the solvent.
- Suitable co-solubilizers comprising a partly fluorinated polymer include a partly fluorinated polymer having the following Formula I: R 1 —(CF 2 ) n —R 2 wherein n represents a number of from about 0 to about 25, or from about 1 to about 10, or from about 1 to about 5; R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and each is selected from the group consisting of CF 3 ; hydrogen; hydroxyl; hydroxyalkyl having from about 1 to about 25 carbons, or from about 1 to about 10 carbons, or from about 1 to about 5 carbons; aminoalkyl having from about 1 to about 25 carbons, or from about 1 to about 10 carbons, or from about 1 to about 5 carbons; aminoaryl having from about 4 to about 14 carbons or from about 6 to about 10 carbons; aryl having from about 4 to about 14 carbons or from about 6 to about 10 carbons; aryloxy having from about 4 to about 14 carbons, or from about 6 to about 10 carbons; alkyl having from
- R 1 and/or R 2 is a carboxylic acid or a carboxylic acid containing group having the following formula II: —(CH 2 ) q —COOH wherein q is a number of from about 1 to about 25, or from about 1 to about 10, or from about 1 to about 5.
- the co-solubilizer has the following formula III: CF 3 (CF 2 ) r (CH 2 ) s —COOH wherein r is a number of from about 0 to about 25, or from about 1 to about 25, or from about 1 to about 10, and s is a number of from about 1 to about 25, or from about 1 to about 10, or from about 1 to about 5.
- partly fluorinated co-solubilizers falling within this formula include partly fluorinated co-solubilizers such as CF 3 (CF 2 ) 2 (CH 2 ) 2 COOH, and the like, and mixtures thereof.
- R 1 and/or R 2 is a hydroxyalkyl having from about 1 to about 25 carbons, or from about 1 to about 10 carbons, or from about 1 to about 5 carbons.
- partly fluorinated co-solubilizers falling within this formula include those selected from the group consisting of H(CF 2 ) 6 CH 2 OH, H(CF 2 ) 10 CH 2 OH, HOCH 2 (CF 2 ) 3 CH 2 OH, CHF 2 (CF 2 )CH 2 OH, CF 3 CHFCF 2 CH 2 OH, CF 3 (CF 2 )CHOHCH 3 , and mixtures thereof.
- R 1 and/or R 2 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl carbonyl having from about 1 to about 25 carbons, or from about 1 to about 10 carbons, or from about 1 to about 5 carbons; carbonyls having from about 1 to about 25 carbons, or from about 1 to about 10 carbons, or from about 1 to about 5 carbons; or alkyl ketone carbonyl having from about 1 to about 25 carbons, or from about 1 to about 10 carbons, or from about 1 to about 5 carbons.
- suitable partly fluorinated co-solubilizers include 4-aminononafluorobiphenyl, 4-amino-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzoic acid or 1H,1H,11H-eicosafluoroundecyl acrylate and mixtures thereof.
- the partly fluorinated coating material is present in the organometallic solution in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 40 percent by weight of total solids, or from about 2 to about 15 percent by weight of total solids.
- Total solids refers to the total amount by weight of partly fluorinated material, fillers, additives, organometallic material such as superconductor or superconductor precursor, and other like solid ingredients contained in the organometallic solution.
- an organometallic compound may be used herein in the process.
- the organometallic compound can be a superconductor or superconductor precursor.
- superconductors refers to metals, alloys and compounds which have the ability to lose both electrical resistance and magnetic permeability at or near absolute zero. In other words, superconductors have infinite electrical conductivity at or near absolute zero. Superconductivity does not normally occur in alkali metals, noble metals, ferro- and antiferromagnetic metals. Usually, elements having 3, 5, or 7 valence electrons per atom can be superconductors.
- a superconductor precursor is a material that may be processed to form a superconductor.
- Organometallic compounds are typically processed via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to produce films which can be either superconductors or can possess other unique properties such as chemochromic or thermochromic properties.
- MOCVD refers to metal-organic chemical vapor deposition.
- Organometallics that can be processed to create superconductor films are referred to as superconductor precursors.
- suitable superconductors include metal oxide superconductors comprising admixtures of metals from Groups IB, IIA, and IIIB of the Periodic Table.
- Illustrative materials of such type include the metal oxide superconductors of the yttrium-barium-copper type (YBa 2 Cu 3 O y ) type, the so-called “123” high temperature superconductors (HTSC) materials, wherein y may be from about 6 to about 7.3, as well as materials where Y may be substituted by Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Yb, Lu, Y 0.5 —Sc 0.5 , Y 0.5 —La 0.5 , and Y 0.5 —Lu 0.5 , and where Ba may be substituted by Sr—Ca, Ba—Sr, and Ba—Ca.
- AO AO
- superconductors or superconductor precursors include organometallic compounds such as copper (II) hexafluoropentanedionate, copper (II) methacryloxyethylacetonacetonate, antimony ethoxide, indium hexafluoropentanedionate, and the like, and mixtures thereof.
- organometallic fillers include monodentate, bidentate, or multidentate ligands such as beta-diketonates, cyclopentadienyls, alkyls, perfluoroalkyls, alkoxides, perfluoroalkoxides, and Schiff bases.
- bidentate or multidentate ligands may comprise oxyhydrocarbyl ligands, nitrogenous oxyhydrocarbyl ligands, or fluorooxyhydrocarbyl ligands.
- the multidentate ligand may be selected from the group consisting of amines and polyamines, bipyridines, ligands of the Formula IV:
- G is —O—, —S—, or —NR—, wherein R is H or hydrocarbyl; crown ethers or cryptates; and ligands of the formula R 0 O(C(R 1 ) 2 C(R 2 ) 2 O) n R 0 , wherein R 0 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, cyanato, perfluoroethyl, perfluoro-n-propyl, or vinyl; R 1 is hydrogen, fluorine, or a sterically acceptable hydrocarbyl substituent; R 2 is hydrogen, fluorine or a sterically acceptable hydrocarbyl substituent; n is 4, 5, or 6, and R 0 , R 1 and R 2 may be the same or different from each other.
- organometallic additives also include those having the following Formula VII:
- M may be selected from the group consisting of Al, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Ca, Ce, Cr, Co, Cu, Ga, Hf, In, Ir, Fe, Pb, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pd, Pt, K, Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, Ho, La, Nd, Pr, Sm, Sc, Tb, Tm, Yb, Y, Rh, Ru, Si, Ag, Na, Sr, Ta, TI, Sn, Ti, V, Zn, Zr, and the like;
- X or Y may be a hydrocarbon chain having from about 1 to about 30 carbons, or from about 3 to about 12 carbons; a fluorocarbon having from about 1 to about 30 carbons or from about 3 to about 12 carbons, or having from about 1 to about 20 fluorocarbon units of from about 3 to about 8 fluorocarbon units; a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group such as methoxy, propoxy, ethoxy, butoxy,
- the organometallic compound can be present in the organometallic solution in any desired amount.
- amounts include from about 10 to about 250 parts per hundred, or from about 25 to about 200 parts per hundred, or from about 50 to about 200 parts per hundred organometallic material: polymer.
- a fluorinated solvent is a solvent comprising fluorine.
- the fluorinated solvent has low surface energy and low surface tension.
- fluorinated solvents include any partially or fully fluorinated organic molecule having a carbon chain with from about 2 to about 25 carbons, or from about 5 to about 15 carbons.
- the fluorinated solvent may contain carboxylic acid functionality.
- a specific commercially available example of a suitable fluorinated solvent includes Fluorinert FC-75 from 3M.
- the fluorinated solvent is added to the organometallic compound and the fluorinated polymer in an amount of from about 1 to about 20 percent, or from about 5 to about 15 percent solution by weight. The fluorinated solvent does not render the organometallic compound soluble.
- the process for solubilizing an organometallic compound in a fluorinated solvent to form an organometallic solution includes adding and reacting a partly fluorinated co-solubilizer, an organometallic compound, and a fluorinated solvent.
- the co-solubilizer does not act like a catalyst. Instead, the co-solubilizer acts as a filler or additive, and is present in the final organometallic solution.
- fluorinated co-solubilizers act as catalysts and are not “used up” in the reaction, and do not become part of the final solution. Instead, in known processes, the fluorinated co-solubilizers can be easily and readily separated out of the final solution.
- the partly fluorinated co-solubilizer is “used up” in the process, is present in the final solution, and is not readily or easily separated out of the final solution.
- the partly fluorinated co-solubilizer in the present process has the ability to cause the organometallic compound or superconductor or superconductor precursor to become miscible in the fluorinated solvent.
- the organometallic compound is solubilized in the fluorinated solvent.
- the catalysis reaction occurs when an aqueous phase (containing reactants) is combined into one single phase at a temperature at which the aqueous phase and a given fluorinated solvent phase are miscible.
- the temperature of the reaction vessel is then returned to a temperature where the aqueous and fluorinated phase are once again immiscible.
- the catalyst remains in the fluorinated phase where it can be reused, while the product of the reaction is emulsified or soluble in the aqueous phase.
- Example 2 To the mixture formed in Example 2, an amount of 0.5 g (approximately 0.0009 moles) of 11H-eicosfluoroundecanoic acid (partially fluorinated co-solubilizer) was added. The resulting combination formed a green-blue solution.
- the CuHFP was insoluble in FC-75 (fluorinated solvent) until the 11H-eicosfluoroundecanoic acid (partially fluorinated co-solubilizer) was added.
- Example 2 To the solution formed in Example 2, an amount of 5 grams of a 1 weight percent solution of a fully fluorinated polymer (TEFLON® AF 2400) in a fluorinated solvent (FC-75) was added. The resulting solution was blue-green and exhibited no signs of insolubility or immiscibility.
- TEFLON® AF 2400 fully fluorinated polymer
- FC-75 fluorinated solvent
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Abstract
Description
R1—(CF2)n—R2
wherein n is a number of from about 0 to about 25; R1 and R2 are the same or different and each is selected from the group consisting of CF3, hydrogen, hydroxyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, aminoaryl, aryloxy, alkyl, aryl, carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid containing groups having from about 1 to about 25 carbons, carbonyl, alkyl ketone carbonyl, and CF3(CF2)o(CH2)p, wherein o represents a number of from about 0 to about 25, and p represents a number of from about 1 to about 25; with the proviso that R1 and R2 are not both fully fluorinated.
CF3(CF2)q(CH2)r—COOH
wherein q is a number of from about 0 to about 25, and r is a number of from about 1 to about 25.
R1—(CF2)n—R2
wherein n represents a number of from about 0 to about 25, or from about 1 to about 10, or from about 1 to about 5; R1 and R2 are the same or different and each is selected from the group consisting of CF3; hydrogen; hydroxyl; hydroxyalkyl having from about 1 to about 25 carbons, or from about 1 to about 10 carbons, or from about 1 to about 5 carbons; aminoalkyl having from about 1 to about 25 carbons, or from about 1 to about 10 carbons, or from about 1 to about 5 carbons; aminoaryl having from about 4 to about 14 carbons or from about 6 to about 10 carbons; aryl having from about 4 to about 14 carbons or from about 6 to about 10 carbons; aryloxy having from about 4 to about 14 carbons, or from about 6 to about 10 carbons; alkyl having from about 1 to about 25 carbons, or from about 1 to about 10 carbons, or from about 1 to about 5 carbons such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl and the like; carboxylic acid; carboxylic acid containing groups having from about 1 to about 25 carbons, or from about 1 to about 10 carbons, or from about 1 to about 5 carbons; carbonyls and alkyl carbonyls and alkyl ketone carbonyls each having from about 1 to about 25 carbons, or from about 1 to about 10 carbons, or from about 1 to about 5 carbons; and CF3(CF2)o(CH2)p, wherein o is a number of from about 0 to about 25, and p is a number of from about 1 to about 25; with the proviso that R1 and R2 are not both fully fluorinated.
—(CH2)q—COOH
wherein q is a number of from about 1 to about 25, or from about 1 to about 10, or from about 1 to about 5. In further embodiments, the co-solubilizer has the following formula III:
CF3(CF2)r(CH2)s—COOH
wherein r is a number of from about 0 to about 25, or from about 1 to about 25, or from about 1 to about 10, and s is a number of from about 1 to about 25, or from about 1 to about 10, or from about 1 to about 5. Examples of partly fluorinated co-solubilizers falling within this formula include partly fluorinated co-solubilizers such as CF3(CF2)2(CH2)2COOH, and the like, and mixtures thereof.
wherein G is —O—, —S—, or —NR—, wherein R is H or hydrocarbyl; crown ethers or cryptates; and ligands of the formula R0O(C(R1)2C(R2)2O)nR0, wherein R0 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, cyanato, perfluoroethyl, perfluoro-n-propyl, or vinyl; R1 is hydrogen, fluorine, or a sterically acceptable hydrocarbyl substituent; R2 is hydrogen, fluorine or a sterically acceptable hydrocarbyl substituent; n is 4, 5, or 6, and R0, R1 and R2 may be the same or different from each other.
where M may be selected from the group consisting of Al, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Ca, Ce, Cr, Co, Cu, Ga, Hf, In, Ir, Fe, Pb, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pd, Pt, K, Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, Ho, La, Nd, Pr, Sm, Sc, Tb, Tm, Yb, Y, Rh, Ru, Si, Ag, Na, Sr, Ta, TI, Sn, Ti, V, Zn, Zr, and the like; X or Y may be a hydrocarbon chain having from about 1 to about 30 carbons, or from about 3 to about 12 carbons; a fluorocarbon having from about 1 to about 30 carbons or from about 3 to about 12 carbons, or having from about 1 to about 20 fluorocarbon units of from about 3 to about 8 fluorocarbon units; a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group such as methoxy, propoxy, ethoxy, butoxy, pentoxy, and the like; substituted or unsubstituted a cyclic group having from about 4 to about 12 carbons such as cyclobutane, cyclopentane, benzene, a phenyl group such as phenol, cycloheptane, and the like; and wherein n is a number of from about 1 to about 100, or from about 1 to about 20, or from about 1 to about 4.
Claims (20)
R1—(CF2)n—R2
(CH2)q—COOH
R1—(CF2)n—R2
CF3(CF2)q(CH2)r—COOH
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US20040014853A1 (en) * | 2002-07-18 | 2004-01-22 | Xerox Corporation | Coatings having fully fluorinated co-solubilizer, metal material and fluorinated solvent |
US6747089B2 (en) * | 2002-07-18 | 2004-06-08 | Xerox Corporation | Processes for solubilizing organometallic compounds in fluorinated solvents by addition of a fluorinated non-catalytic co-solubilizer |
US20050015936A1 (en) * | 2001-05-30 | 2005-01-27 | Eckert Charles A. | Methods for solubilizing and recovering fluorinate compounds |
US7006780B2 (en) * | 2003-11-25 | 2006-02-28 | Xerox Corporation | Partially fluorinated polymer coated development electrodes |
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US20050015936A1 (en) * | 2001-05-30 | 2005-01-27 | Eckert Charles A. | Methods for solubilizing and recovering fluorinate compounds |
US20040014853A1 (en) * | 2002-07-18 | 2004-01-22 | Xerox Corporation | Coatings having fully fluorinated co-solubilizer, metal material and fluorinated solvent |
US6747089B2 (en) * | 2002-07-18 | 2004-06-08 | Xerox Corporation | Processes for solubilizing organometallic compounds in fluorinated solvents by addition of a fluorinated non-catalytic co-solubilizer |
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