US7104366B2 - Method of increasing friction material utilization for carbon brakes - Google Patents

Method of increasing friction material utilization for carbon brakes Download PDF

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Publication number
US7104366B2
US7104366B2 US10/316,636 US31663602A US7104366B2 US 7104366 B2 US7104366 B2 US 7104366B2 US 31663602 A US31663602 A US 31663602A US 7104366 B2 US7104366 B2 US 7104366B2
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United States
Prior art keywords
spacer
thickness
group
rotors
piston
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Expired - Fee Related, expires
Application number
US10/316,636
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English (en)
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US20040112687A1 (en
Inventor
David D. McAfee
Slawomir T. Fryska
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Honeywell International Inc
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Honeywell International Inc
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Priority to US10/316,636 priority Critical patent/US7104366B2/en
Assigned to HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC. reassignment HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FRYSKA, SLAWOMIR T., MCAFEE, DAVID D.
Priority to PCT/US2003/039648 priority patent/WO2004055404A1/en
Priority to AU2003297003A priority patent/AU2003297003A1/en
Priority to EP03813421A priority patent/EP1573221A1/de
Publication of US20040112687A1 publication Critical patent/US20040112687A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US7104366B2 publication Critical patent/US7104366B2/en
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Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/24—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with a plurality of axially-movable discs, lamellae, or pads, pressed from one side towards an axially-located member
    • F16D55/26—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with a plurality of axially-movable discs, lamellae, or pads, pressed from one side towards an axially-located member without self-tightening action
    • F16D55/36—Brakes with a plurality of rotating discs all lying side by side
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D2055/0075—Constructional features of axially engaged brakes
    • F16D2055/0095—Plural rotors with different properties, e.g. to influence working conditions like wear or temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
    • F16D2200/0034—Materials; Production methods therefor non-metallic
    • F16D2200/0052—Carbon

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to carbon disc brakes, and more particularly to multi-disc carbon brake systems used in aircraft's landing systems.
  • Aircraft brakes typically include a plurality of stator discs and rotor discs which are compressed together during the braking operation of an aircraft.
  • the stator discs and rotor discs are normally arranged in alternating fashion in order to form a brake disc stack.
  • the stationary, stator discs of the disc stack are arranged in a non-rotating position surrounding an aircraft brake structure or shaft.
  • the rotating, rotor discs are secured to a periphery of the aircraft wheel or shaft and are normally free to rotate with the aircraft wheel when the brake is not in use.
  • a brake housing may include a plurality of pressure piston actuators that are arranged to provide the compressive, braking force that forces the stator discs and rotor discs of the aircraft brake's disc stack together.
  • Brake adjusters may be employed within the brake to provide adjustment of the relative positions of the brake discs as these frictional components become worn during brake usage. Worn discs need to be replaced in order to maintain a certain level of heat stack mass, as well as ensure the piston stroke. Discarding still usable discs does not make good economic sense for aircraft owners.
  • a method of increasing carbon disc utilization in aircraft brakes comprises initially assembling a brake with a combination of alternating thick and thin discs.
  • the first half tour is completed without the use of a heat sink or piston spacer.
  • the piston stroke is exhausted at the end of the first half tour, it is retracted and a piston or heat sink spacer is inserted between the piston and the original heat sink components and, if appropriate, adjuster tubes are replaced.
  • the brake is then subjected to a second half tour.
  • the brake unit is overhauled, and the thin discs are replaced with thick discs.
  • the previously thick components are machined to reestablish flat friction surface and they become the thin components for the subsequent half tours.
  • the heat sink has the same approximate thickness as the previous half tour and no spacer is used between the piston and the heat sink.
  • a spacer is inserted between the piston and the heat sink and the piston is retracted. Adjuster tubes may also be replaced.
  • the used thin discs that have been removed from the brake at the end of the half tours with spacers may be refurbished using a two-for-one process and may re-enter the brake assembly either as thick or thin two-piece components.
  • the spacer is a stationary heat sink element which is placed between the piston and the active heat sink.
  • the spacer is a non-heat sink element which is attached to the piston.
  • the spacer may be made of carbon, or non-carbon, such as steel, material.
  • FIG. 1 is an illustration of an aircraft brake assembly in a first configuration with thick rotors and thin stators.
  • FIG. 2 is an illustration of an aircraft brake assembly in the first configuration with the piston stroke fully exhausted.
  • FIG. 3 is an illustration of an aircraft brake assembly in a second configuration with a spacer inserted.
  • FIG. 4 is an illustration of an aircraft brake assembly in the second configuration with the piston stroke fully exhausted.
  • FIG. 5 is an illustration of an aircraft brake assembly in a third configuration with thick stators and thin rotors.
  • FIG. 6 is an illustration of an aircraft brake assembly in the third configuration with the piston stroke fully exhausted.
  • FIG. 7 is an illustration of an aircraft brake assembly in a fourth configuration with a spacer inserted.
  • FIG. 8 is an illustration of an aircraft brake assembly in the fourth configuration with the piston stroke fully exhausted.
  • FIG. 1 where a first configuration of a rotor/stator assembly of an aircraft carbon brake unit 10 is illustrated.
  • the brake unit 10 includes a torque tube 14 attached to a piston housing 11 by a plurality of bolts (not shown).
  • the piston housing 11 includes a piston bushing assembly 12 with a piston 20 .
  • the heat stack designated generally by reference numeral 16 includes carbon rotor discs, R 1 –R 4 , that engages, via spline and slot arrangements, the surrounding wheel (not shown), as is well known in the art, and alternating carbon stator discs, S 1 –S 3 , engaging the torque tube 14 via the well known spline and slot arrangements.
  • a pressure plate PP
  • BP back plate
  • the actual number of stages or disc pairs will vary from brake to brake as required by the particular airplane design requirements.
  • brake unit 10 illustrated in FIG. 1 has the same general structure as those units illustrated in FIGS. 2–8 , with the exception that the heat stack 16 will vary from configuration to configuration in accordance with the present invention.
  • the heat stack 16 is arranged, from the PP toward the BP, with thick rotors R 1 –R 4 , alternating with thin stators S 1 –S 3 .
  • This first configuration marks the beginning of the first “half tour” with a Thick Rotor/Thin Stator arrangement.
  • each “half tour,” in accordance with the present invention begins with the piston 20 retracted and ends when the piston stroke of the piston 20 is nearly fully exhausted, i.e. cannot push any further.
  • a shorter piston stroke may be implemented in accordance with the present invention. As such, a “half tour” is reached when the piston stroke is nearly fully exhausted, even though the heat stack still has adequate useable carbon left.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the first configuration of the brake unit 10 at the end of the first half tour. Due to the many aircraft landings, the rotors R 1 –R 4 , stators S 1 –S 3 , PP and BP have been worn out to a certain level, which causes the piston stroke of the piston 20 to be nearly fully exhausted.
  • a conventional approach would have been either complete or partial heat stack replacement to reestablish the requisite heat sink weight, even though the heat sink weight is only down to an intermediate level.
  • a spacer 30 is inserted and the piston 20 is pushed back, as illustrated in FIG. 3 , to form a second configuration for the heat stack 16 .
  • This second configuration marks the beginning of a second half tour, since the original heat stack 16 of the Thick Rotor/Thin Stator arrangement can continue to be used without having to be overhauled at this time. If appropriate due to disc wear, adjuster tubes are replaced at this time.
  • adjuster tubes are used in conjunction with an expander and pin to provide the “adjustment” when a brake wears.
  • the tubes remain relatively stationary only moving with the spring upon initial actuation of the brake.
  • the pin which is attached to the stack pulls the expander through the tube.
  • the tube is a replaceable part.
  • the stators S 1 –S 3 , PP and BP are completely worn out, which causes the piston stroke of the piston 20 to be nearly fully exhausted again.
  • the heat stack 16 is overhauled and a third configuration for the heat stack 50 is introduced, as will be shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the spacer 30 is constructed using carbon material, such that it can contribute to the heat stack mass.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention uses non-carbon material, such as steel, for the spacer 30 .
  • the spacer may be attached either to the piston or to the pressure plate.
  • the spacer 30 is made of carbon, it may be implemented by reconstituting several pieces of previously-worn carbon discs together, such as the worn-out carbon stators from a previous tour. Alternatively, the spacer 30 may be just a single piece of carbon. Also, the spacer 30 may be designed to slide along the spline, much in the same way as the PP. Alternatively, the spacer 30 may be constructed as an extension attached to the piston 20 . Essentially, the spacer 30 acts as a load transfer member to transfer the force of the piston 20 to the PP, rotors and stators of the heat stack. Although the spacer is not needed as an active rubbing surface, its material composition, such as carbon, can contribute to lowering the temperature of the heat stack, if properly selected based on the overall brake design.
  • FIG. 5 where a third configuration of the heat stack 50 of the aircraft carbon brake unit 10 is illustrated.
  • thick stators S 1 –S 3 , new PP and new BP are introduced to replace the stators S 1 –S 3 , PP and BP of the original heat stack 16 after the end of the second half tour of the Thick Rotor/Thin Stator arrangement.
  • This third configuration uses thin rotors R 1 –R 4 , such as the ones remaining from the original heat stack 16 in the previous configuration, to form a heat stack 50 to commence a first half tour with the now Thick Stator/Thin Rotor arrangement.
  • the first half tour with the Thick Stator/Thin Rotor arrangement ends when the heat stack 50 is worn to the level that causes the piston stroke of the piston 20 to be nearly fully extended, as illustrated in FIG. 6 . Because of the shorter piston stroke as previously mentioned, the heat stack still has some usable carbon left. At this point, a fourth configuration is formed by inserting a spacer 70 and retracting the piston 20 , while the components of the heat stack 50 remain unchanged. This fourth configuration, illustrated in FIG. 7 , marks the beginning of a second half tour with the Thick Stator/Thin Rotor arrangement.
  • the fourth configuration reaches the end of the second half tour, when the piston stroke of the piston 20 is, again, nearly fully exhausted, as shown in FIG. 8 .
  • the rotors R 1 –R 4 are completely worn out.
  • the stators S 1 –S 3 , PP and BP are also worn out to some level, although they are not as much as the rotors.
  • the stators, PP and BP can continue to be used in a half tour with the Thick Rotor/Thin Stator arrangement as illustrated in FIG. 1 , with new thick rotors being assembled to form the heat stack 16 .
  • the worn-out rotors from the end of the fourth configuration may be discarded, if they cannot be refurbished into useful new rotors.
  • the worn-out rotors are reconstituted in a two-for-one refurbishment process to form new thick rotors for use with the Thick Rotor/Thin Stator tour.
  • the worn out rotors are reconstituted in a two-for-one refurbishment process to form new thin rotors for use with the Thin Rotor/Thick Stator tour.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
US10/316,636 2002-12-11 2002-12-11 Method of increasing friction material utilization for carbon brakes Expired - Fee Related US7104366B2 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/316,636 US7104366B2 (en) 2002-12-11 2002-12-11 Method of increasing friction material utilization for carbon brakes
PCT/US2003/039648 WO2004055404A1 (en) 2002-12-11 2003-12-11 A method of increasing friction material utilization for carbon brakes
AU2003297003A AU2003297003A1 (en) 2002-12-11 2003-12-11 A method of increasing friction material utilization for carbon brakes
EP03813421A EP1573221A1 (de) 2002-12-11 2003-12-11 Verfahren zur besseren ausnutzung von reibmaterial für kohlenstoffbremsen

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/316,636 US7104366B2 (en) 2002-12-11 2002-12-11 Method of increasing friction material utilization for carbon brakes

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US20040112687A1 US20040112687A1 (en) 2004-06-17
US7104366B2 true US7104366B2 (en) 2006-09-12

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US (1) US7104366B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1573221A1 (de)
AU (1) AU2003297003A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2004055404A1 (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070175710A1 (en) * 2006-02-01 2007-08-02 Walker Terence B Method and brake disc assembly to utilize worn refurbished brake material
US20080196982A1 (en) * 2007-02-21 2008-08-21 Honeywell International Inc. Torque pads for aircraft brake systems and aircraft brake system including same
US20090139807A1 (en) * 2007-12-03 2009-06-04 Honeywell International Inc Brake assembly having multi-piece core and replaceable friction surfaces
US20100090059A1 (en) * 2007-02-09 2010-04-15 David Callum Johnson Braking
US20150136547A1 (en) * 2013-11-21 2015-05-21 Messier-Bugatti-Dowty Method for the reconditioning and use of brake discs of the rear stator type with studs, assembled disc and corresponding stack of discs
US20190162262A1 (en) * 2017-11-27 2019-05-30 Goodrich Corporation Brake assembly with disks of variable thickness and methods for disk reuse
US10315728B2 (en) * 2007-08-24 2019-06-11 Shimano, Inc. Bicycle rear derailleur with a motion resisting structure

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2989137B1 (fr) * 2012-04-06 2014-05-16 Messier Bugatti Dowty Procede d'utilisation et de renovation d'un disque d'une pile de disques d'un frein d'un vehicule.
FR2992942B1 (fr) * 2012-07-09 2015-03-06 Messier Bugatti Dowty Procede d'utilisation et de maintenance d'un frein d'atterrisseur comprenant une pile de disques actionneur de frein, frein d'aeronef et ensemble roue-frein comportant un tel actionneur
FR3007810B1 (fr) * 2013-06-26 2015-07-03 Messier Bugatti Dowty Procede d'utilisation et de renovation d'un disque d'une pile de disques.
US9926991B2 (en) 2015-11-17 2018-03-27 Goodrich Corporation Damped heatsink disk brake assembly

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EP1103738A1 (de) 1999-11-24 2001-05-30 The B.F. Goodrich Company In drei Etappen auswechselbarer Bremsscheibensatz sowie Verfahren für den Zusammenbau

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7900751B2 (en) * 2006-02-01 2011-03-08 Honeywell International Inc. Method and brake disc assembly to utilize worn refurbished brake material
US20070175710A1 (en) * 2006-02-01 2007-08-02 Walker Terence B Method and brake disc assembly to utilize worn refurbished brake material
US9771992B2 (en) * 2007-02-09 2017-09-26 Meggitt Aerospace Limited Braking
US20100090059A1 (en) * 2007-02-09 2010-04-15 David Callum Johnson Braking
US8127899B2 (en) * 2007-02-21 2012-03-06 Honeywell International Inc. Torque pads for aircraft brake systems and aircraft brake system including same
US20080196982A1 (en) * 2007-02-21 2008-08-21 Honeywell International Inc. Torque pads for aircraft brake systems and aircraft brake system including same
US10315728B2 (en) * 2007-08-24 2019-06-11 Shimano, Inc. Bicycle rear derailleur with a motion resisting structure
US20090139807A1 (en) * 2007-12-03 2009-06-04 Honeywell International Inc Brake assembly having multi-piece core and replaceable friction surfaces
US8281907B2 (en) 2007-12-03 2012-10-09 Honeywell International Inc. Brake assembly having multi-piece core and replaceable friction surfaces
US20150136547A1 (en) * 2013-11-21 2015-05-21 Messier-Bugatti-Dowty Method for the reconditioning and use of brake discs of the rear stator type with studs, assembled disc and corresponding stack of discs
US9360063B2 (en) * 2013-11-21 2016-06-07 Messier-Bugatti-Dowty Method for the reconditioning and use of brake discs of the rear stator type with studs, assembled disc and corresponding stack of discs
US20190162262A1 (en) * 2017-11-27 2019-05-30 Goodrich Corporation Brake assembly with disks of variable thickness and methods for disk reuse
US10724591B2 (en) * 2017-11-27 2020-07-28 Goodrich Corporation Brake assembly with disks of variable thickness and methods for disk reuse
US11821478B2 (en) 2017-11-27 2023-11-21 Goodrich Corporation Brake assembly with disks of variable thickness and methods for disk reuse

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20040112687A1 (en) 2004-06-17
AU2003297003A1 (en) 2004-07-09
WO2004055404A1 (en) 2004-07-01
EP1573221A1 (de) 2005-09-14

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