US7075744B2 - Method and apparatus for managing power consumption of a disk drive - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for managing power consumption of a disk drive Download PDF

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Publication number
US7075744B2
US7075744B2 US10/526,872 US52687205A US7075744B2 US 7075744 B2 US7075744 B2 US 7075744B2 US 52687205 A US52687205 A US 52687205A US 7075744 B2 US7075744 B2 US 7075744B2
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Prior art keywords
disk drive
operating mode
data
power consumption
power
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Expired - Fee Related
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US10/526,872
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US20050251696A1 (en
Inventor
Stephen Rodney Cumpson
Nicolaas Lambert
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
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Assigned to KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS ELECTRONICS, N.V. reassignment KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS ELECTRONICS, N.V. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CUMPSON, STEPHEN RODNEY, LAMBERT, NICOLAAS
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
    • G06F1/32—Means for saving power
    • G06F1/3203—Power management, i.e. event-based initiation of a power-saving mode
    • G06F1/3234—Power saving characterised by the action undertaken
    • G06F1/325—Power saving in peripheral device
    • G06F1/3268—Power saving in hard disk drive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
    • G06F1/32—Means for saving power
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
    • G06F1/32—Means for saving power
    • G06F1/3203—Power management, i.e. event-based initiation of a power-saving mode
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D10/00—Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of managing power consumption of a disk drive comprised by an electronic device, the electronic device further comprising a buffer memory and a host processor, the disk drive comprising a disk comprising data, and the disk drive being capable of operating in at least two operating modes, the two modes having different power consumption levels, the method comprising the step of loading data requested by the host processor from the disk into the buffer in a first operating mode of the disk drive having a first power consumption level.
  • the invention further relates to a circuit for managing the power consumption of a disk drive comprised by an electronic device, the electronic device further comprising a buffer memory and a host processor, the disk drive comprising a disk comprising data; and the disk drive being capable of operating in at least two operating modes, the two modes having different power consumption levels, the host processor being conceived to load data from the disk into the buffer in a first operating mode of the disk drive having a first power consumption level.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,682,273 refers to disk drives used in portable computers that are battery-powered. In particular, it relates to such disk drives that include techniques for minimizing energy consumption.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,682,273 discloses a disk drive that performs power management from past disk drive access history as well as a prediction of future user demands to determine the entry and exit times of the power saving modes. This has an advantage over the current user-selectable predetermined or fixed mode entry times because the user does not know what performance and energy-consumption costs are associated with entry and exit from power saving modes.
  • the time intervals for entering a power saving mode are computed on the basis of the energy break-even times and recovery times associated with the different power saving modes as explained above.
  • Modem hard disk systems have an option to actively put the hard disk system in one or more power save modes. This is especially advantageous for portable devices like laptop computers.
  • additional power is consumed when putting the hard disk system in a power save mode and getting the hard disk system out of the power save mode when data is requested or needs to be written. This has to be taken into account when putting the drive in a power save mode.
  • the method further comprises the following steps: determining a period of time until the data read into the buffer in the previous step is processed;
  • the host processor controls the processes of the electronic apparatus and therefore knows the data needs of the host. In this way, the host processor knows when all data in the buffer memory has been processed and when new data is needed. With this information and the information on what amount of power is consumed when switching from the first operating mode to the second operating mode and vice versa, calculations can be made whether it is advantageous to switch to the second operating mode or not. Letting this process be controlled by the host processor instead of by the disk drive is advantageous because the host does know the data requirements of the electronic apparatus and therefore knows when data will be requested. This makes prediction obsolete and is more reliable.
  • An embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the data request comprises a request for multiple files.
  • buffer memory is filled up to a higher level than when only one file is read. In this way, more time will elapse before new data is needed from the disk and more power can be saved.
  • the circuit according to the invention is characterized in that the host processor is further conceived to: determine a period of time until the data in the buffer memory is processed; determine a first amount of power that will be consumed by the disk drive during the period of time when the disk drive is left in the first operating mode during said period of time; determine a second amount of power that will be consumed by the disk drive: during the period of time when the disk drive is entered into the second operating mode having a second level of power consumption, the second level of power consumption being lower than the first level of power consumption; while switching from the first operating mode to the second operating mode; while switching from the second operating mode to the first operating mode; and is conceived to enter the disk drive into the second operating mode when the second amount of power is less than the first amount of power.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the circuit according to the invention and a disk drive system
  • FIG. 2 is an overview of the system showing the drive, the interface and the software running on the host system
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the power consumption of a prior-art hard disk drive
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the power consumption of a hard disk drive according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram with the various elements for the power reduction of a consumer electronics system 1 .
  • the consumer electronics system 1 comprises a host 2 and a disk drive system 3 that are connected by an interface 4 .
  • the power source 5 belongs to the host 2 and supplies the microcontroller 6 in the storage system 3 via a bus 7 .
  • the power source 5 also supplies the microprocessor 8 via another bus 9 .
  • Any operation begins in the host 2 .
  • a region of host RAM 10 is reserved for the data transfer.
  • the host 2 then sets up a table in the DMA (Direct Memory Access) controller 11 describing the host memory region that was reserved.
  • the final host operation is to inform the storage system 3 of the requested data operation using a standard protocol over the interface 4 .
  • DMA controller 12 of the storage system 3 handles the communication with the host 2 .
  • the storage system 3 attempts to perform the required data transfer in the shortest possible time and ensures that the data is read from or written to the reserved memory region of host RAM 10 .
  • the information is stored on a magnetic disk 13 .
  • the signal is read by using a corresponding head and amplified by the pre-amplifier 14 .
  • the read/write channel 15 processes the signals so that the risk of an error is minimized.
  • the microcontroller 6 in the storage system 3 controls a servo-system (not shown) controlling the head and ensures that data is correctly transmitted and received over the common interface 4 .
  • the microcontroller 6 also uses buffering to improve average performance using a RAM 16 .
  • the microcontroller is also responsible for correcting any data errors as much as possible.
  • the host 2 may be a general purpose computer or an embedded system, such as a consumer electronics device. The host 2 uses the storage system 3 to preserve information across power removal.
  • FIG. 2 is an overview of the system showing the disk drive system 3 and a software stack 200 running on the host system 2 .
  • the software comprises a real-time application layer 202 , a file system layer 204 , a scheduler layer 206 and an IDE (integrated drive electronics interface) driver 208 .
  • the decision to change power modes is made in the software-based request scheduler layer running in the memory on the processor of the host 2 .
  • the scheduler layer 206 has the property of being ware of both real-time data requirements and power usage.
  • FIG. 3 shows the power trace measured on a microdrive that uses a prior art method for managing the power consumption.
  • the trace begins and ends with the power consumption in the standby mode. After a few milliseconds, the microdrive exits the standby mode and the power trace for loading and reading is drawn. According to the prior art, the microdrive then remains fully active in a so-called performance idle mode, which means that the drive can respond immediately to the next incoming request.
  • the trace shows that spinning the disk still draws quite a lot of energy from the power supply.
  • the standby command is issued internally in the disk drive after 2 seconds. When the internal standby command is issued, the unloading process begins and afterwards the standby mode is reached. In this example, the standby mode corresponds to approximately 0.06 W.
  • the power trace of FIG. 4 shows much less power consumption for the same processes.
  • the power trace begins in the standby mode that is exited for the loading and reading process.
  • the standby command is issued and the unloading process is executed immediately after the reading process.
  • the loading, the reading and the unloading processes themselves consume the same power, either with the prior art method or the inventive method. Therefore, putting the drive in the standby mode for a too short period may take more energy than keeping it in the idle mode when a data request is received too soon by the drive.
  • the storage system in this example the microdrive, does not wait in an active performance idle mode before entering the standby mode.
  • FIG. 5 A procedure to calculate whether to enter the disk drive system 3 in a standby mode after a data request or not is depicted in FIG. 5 , showing a flowchart 500 to visualize an embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • the procedure starts at a starting point 502 by the reception of a data request.
  • the host 2 reads data from the disk drive system 3 .
  • the data read from the disk drive system 3 is stored in the host 2 in the host RAM 10 in a subsequent step 506 .
  • the microprocessor 8 determines the period of time to lapse until the microcontroller needs more data and a subsequent request for data is issued.
  • the need for data is known over time. This may be used advantageously by calculating whether the drive system 3 should be put in the power down mode or should be left in the idle mode to save most energy.
  • this is done by determining the data rate of processing the requested data.
  • the requested data is an MP3 file
  • the data is streamed from the host RAM 10 at a continuous bit rate.
  • the amount of data in the host RAM 10 is known, as well as the bit rate of processing, it is known how much time it will take until the data in the host RAM is processed and a subsequent request for data is issued.
  • the micro-controller 8 calculates the amount of power that will be consumed in the period of time determined in the previous step 508 by the disk drive system 3 when the disk drive system 3 is put in the standby mode during the period of time determined in the previous step 508 .
  • the power consumed during unloading and loading the head and spinning the disk down and up are added to this value, because these actions have to be performed as well when switching the disk drive system 3 in the standby mode. Consequently, the amount of power calculated in the step 510 equals the power consumed in the periods “load”, “unload” and “standby” in FIG. 4 .
  • the micro-controller calculates the amount of power that will be consumed by the disk drive system 3 in the period of time determined in the step 508 when the disk drive system 3 is left idle in the period of time determined in the step 508 .
  • the values determined in the step 510 and the step 512 are compared.
  • the disk drive system 3 is set to the standby mode when the amount of power determined in the step 510 is larger than the amount of power determined in the step 512 .
  • the disk drive system 3 is left in the idle mode. In other words, the disk drive system 3 is set to or left in the most efficient mode.
  • the procedure proceeds to a step 520 to power up the disk drive system 3 right before the next data request is expected. In this way, no valuable time is consumed by starting up the disk drive system 3 when the actual request arrives: in this way, the request can be served directly when it arrives at the expected time.
  • the disk When the step 520 is omitted in the procedure, the disk has to be spun up at the moment of the request, which will be done automatically. As mentioned, this will provide a delay in the data transfer.
  • the procedure ends in a terminator 522 , waiting for the next data request.
  • the procedure is most effective when as much data as possible is read in the step 504 , because this will mean that more time will lapse until the next data request occurs. In this way, the drive system 3 can be put to standby for a longer time. Therefore, it is most efficient to read multiple files in one read step.
  • the procedure may be executed by the circuit according to the invention, of which the host 2 is an embodiment.
  • the host 2 may be comprised in a consumer electronics apparatus 600 as shown in FIG. 6 .
  • a preferred embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention is a portable MP3 player.
  • the consumer apparatus 600 comprises the host 2 ( FIG. 1 ) and means for receiving a computer-readable disk memory 610 .
  • the computer-readable disk memory 610 is a hard disk drive in the Compact Flash format, known as a microdrive, which can be inserted in a slot 630 .
  • the computer-readable disk memory 610 is a small form factor optical disc.
  • the person skilled in the art can also name numerous other embodiments like various types of harddisk drives and optical discs; the scope of the invention is not limited to the computer-readable disk memory 610 as presented in this description of the preferred embodiments of the invention.
  • Connected to the apparatus 600 is a pair of headphones 620 to listen to audio information stored on the computer readable disk memory 610 .
  • the invention may be summarized as follows:
  • Consumer electronic devices that run on a battery or an accumulator—i.e particularly portable applications such as mobile phones, laptops or MPEG players or recorders—require the management of power consumption. They consist essentially of a host and a storage medium like a disk or means for receiving a storage medium like a disk drive that are coupled with an interface. Power management is very important because long battery life enhances user convenience. According to the invention, it is determined whether it is more efficient either to leave the disk drive in the idle mode or to switch the drive to standby until the next data request appears. The disk-drive is entered into the most efficient power mode. The time until the next request is determined by the host.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Power Sources (AREA)
  • Signal Processing For Digital Recording And Reproducing (AREA)
  • Recording Measured Values (AREA)
US10/526,872 2002-09-09 2003-08-08 Method and apparatus for managing power consumption of a disk drive Expired - Fee Related US7075744B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02078655.4 2002-09-09
EP02078655 2002-09-09
PCT/IB2003/003632 WO2004023279A2 (en) 2002-09-09 2003-08-08 Method and apparatus for managing power consumption of a disk drive

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EP (1) EP1540451B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2005538444A (zh)
KR (1) KR20050038650A (zh)
CN (1) CN100351744C (zh)
AT (1) ATE357689T1 (zh)
AU (1) AU2003259399A1 (zh)
DE (1) DE60312703T2 (zh)
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DE60312703D1 (de) 2007-05-03
AU2003259399A1 (en) 2004-03-29
WO2004023279A2 (en) 2004-03-18
KR20050038650A (ko) 2005-04-27
CN1682177A (zh) 2005-10-12
CN100351744C (zh) 2007-11-28
EP1540451A2 (en) 2005-06-15
WO2004023279A3 (en) 2004-09-02
EP1540451B1 (en) 2007-03-21
ATE357689T1 (de) 2007-04-15
TW200421288A (en) 2004-10-16
US20050251696A1 (en) 2005-11-10
DE60312703T2 (de) 2007-12-06
JP2005538444A (ja) 2005-12-15

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