US704283A

US704283A - Apparatus for dyeing.

Info

Publication number: US704283A
Application number: US132500A
Authority: US
Inventors: Robert Weiss
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1900-01-13
Filing date: 1900-01-13
Publication date: 1902-07-08
Anticipated expiration: 1919-07-08

Description

R. WEISS.

APPARATUS FOR DYEING.

(No Model.)

(Application led Jan. 13, 1900 Patented .luly 8, |902.

2 Sheeis-Sheet I.

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' No. 704,283. Patented luly 8, |902.

R. WEISS.

APPARATUS FOR DYEING.

(Application led Jan. 13, 1900,) (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

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UNTTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ROBERT WEISS, OF KINGERSHEIM, NEAR MULHOUSE, GERMANY.

APPARATUS FOR DYEING.

SPECIFICATION forming part Of Lettes Patent NO. 704,283, dated July 8, 1902.

Application led January 13| 1900. Serial No. 1,325. (No model.) y

T0 all wtmit it may con/cern:

Be it known that l, ROBERT lVEIss, chemist, a citizen of the Swiss Republic, and a resident of Kingersheim, near Mulhouse, Alsace, Germany, have invented new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Treating Textile Materials with Circulating Fluids, of which the following is a clear and complete specification.

Apparatus as heretofore usually employed for treating (bleaching, dyeing, the.) textile materials with circulating liquids or gases have the disadvantage that the fluid does not regularly penetrate the textile material,which is in the woven, spun, or waste form, since the said material when introduced into the boiler or keir or into the basket in which it is treated is not Aheaped up or packed in a regular manner, as in the neighborhood of the boiler or basket shell it is packed less tightly, so that the liquid or gas circulates through the apparatus with more energy near the boiler or the basket shell, thereby often producing injurious inequalities in the textile material treated. In order to overcome this disadvantage, the textile material to be treated with liquidor gas is in the apparatus which forms the Subj ect of this invention charged into baskets as in the ordinary apparatus. The basket side or shell which comes into contact with the wall of the keir or boiler is, however, formed of outwardlycurved springs, and its largest diameter is greater than that of the boiler or keir or of the part of the boiler or keir which is to receive the basket, so that when the said basket is placed in the boiler or keir its side or shell is compressed inward by the boiler or keir shell, so as to more tightly pack the textile material in the neighborhood of the boiler or keir shell around the whole periphery thereof.

The apparatus heretofore used for treating (bleaching, dyeing, dic.) textile fibers wherein circulating liquids are employed the temperature of which exceeds 100 centigrade have, furthermore, the disadvantage that the pressure-pipe of the pump which maintains the liquid in circulation opens directly into the upper part of the vessel containing the textile fibers, in the form of woven, spun, or waste material, so that it frequently happens with such apparatus from the carelessness of the attendant or by accident that the whole of the contents of the vessel is not immersed in theliquid, the upper layers thus coming into contact with the hot steam, whereby the textile fibers are burned or injured. To obviate this disadvantage according to the present invention, a compensating vessel is arranged between the pump which maintains in circulation the liquidtat a temperature of above 100O centigrade and the upper part of the boiler or vessel which receives the textile material to be treated, the said compensating vessel being arranged above the boiler and being closed to the atmosphere. This vessel can receive sucha quantity of reserve liquid that suflicient liquid is always present to maintain the whole of the textile material in the boiler immersed in the liquid.V

In Figures l and 2 of the'faccompanying drawings there are shown diagrammatically two forms of apparatus made according to the invention. Figs. 3 and 4f show in a side and a plan View, respectively, abasket for use with the apparatus shown in Fig. l, While in the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 2 baskets of irregular diameter are employed and the diameter of the boiler increases in steps from below upward. Figs. 5 and 6 show further forms of boiler-containing baskets.

The boiler A, Figfl, above the sieve-like bottom B of which the baskets C, containing the textile material, are arranged, is connected at its lower part with the suction-pipe c of a pump D, the pressure-pipe e of which opens into the upper part of the compensating vessel F. The latter is arranged above the boiler A, at a suitable distance behind the same, and its lower part is in communication with the upper part of the boiler Aby a pipe g. The compensating vessel F is furnished with a heating-coil i, a pipe j, which conveys steam directly into its upper part, a safetyvalve k, and a pipe Z, provided with acock for drawing off the gases and steam.

The basket shown in Figs. 3 and il and which is employed with this apparatus consists of two metal rings b h', of which at least the lower is fitted with a sieve a and which are connected together by the outwardly-curved springs d, forming the side walls or shell of the basket. To the upper ring h there is secured a number of rods f, and the lower end IOO of each of these rods is guided in a socketf, fixed to the lower ring h', so that when a number of such baskets is placed one above the other in the boiler A, as shown at Fig. 1, the lower ends of the rodsfof the basket, which are weighted by the baskets above them, must bear against the corresponding lower ring b in order to prevent the compression of the lower baskets. The textile material to be treated is charged as usual in the baskets, and the latter are so chosen that their largest diameter-that is to say, the diameter at the outwardly-bellied part-is greater than the diameter of the boiler or the part of the boiler designed to receive the basket, so that when introducing each loaded basket at the part of the boiler A which is to receive it the springs d are pressed inward by the shell of the boiler, and consequently the textile materiallyingin the neighborhood of the springs and which in the charging has been less tightly packed than the rest is more tightly compressed around the Whole of the periphery of the basket, whereby a much more regular circulation of the liquid or gas is effected through the textile material. The springs dare so thin and the distance between the adjacent springs CZ so small that after the loaded basket is introduced into the boiler and the textile material in the neighborhood of the springs has been compressed a very little only of this material can escape around the periphery of the basket between the springs. The basket can obviously be provided at the upper ring b with a detachable sieve.

The apparatus operates in the usual way, with the difference that the pressure-pipe of the pump D instead of introducing the liquid directly into the boiler A supplies it to the compensating vessel F above the same,so that in any case sutticient liquid is present in the apparatus to maintain the textile material in the vessel A wholly immersed in liquid. The treatment can therefore be effected at higher temperatures and under greater pressures than usual, since there is no longer any fear that, as in the case of ordinary apparatus in which the textile material is treated at temperatures above 100 centigrade,the upper layers of the contents of the vessel can come into contact with the hot vapors or gases, and thereby become burned and damaged. As in this apparatus the treatment of the textile bers is conducted at higher temperatures than usual, (1200 to 140o centigrade,) the process is quickened, as, on the one hand, in the case of dyeing, the bath is better or more perfectly extracted and the dyestuff more quickly fixed, and, on the other hand, in the case of bleaching, the fatty bodies, resins, and other incrustation substances of the textile material are more quickly removed at higher temperatures, whereby it results that in the latter case more dilute chemicals can be employed, so that the textile iibers are less aected.

The newr apparatus is chiefly advantageous in bleaching textile materials and in dyeing the same in neutral or alkaline baths at temperatures of from 100 to 140 centigrade.

In the form of the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 2 the pump D is placed above the boiler A, and between the same and the lower part of the said boiler a further vessel M is arranged, which in construction is similar to thecompensatingvesselF. Thesuction-pipe c of the pump dips to a predetermined level into the vessel M, which is in connection by the pipe n with the lower part of the boiler A. The object of this arrangement is that the pump D shall aspire only liquid from the vessel M or A after the liquid-level in M has risen to such an extent that the suction-pipe c dips into the liquid contained in the vessel M, so that there must always be liquid in the pipe n, even though thepump should deliver more liquid in agiven time than liows through the material contained in the vessel A in the same time, whereby no vacuum can be formed in the under part of the boiler A, which could cause an irregular penetration of the liquid through the material undergoing treatment in the vessel A. The diameter of the boiler A increases in steps, and the rods f and the socketsf of the baskets C are obviously dispensed with.

In Fig. 5, which shows a boiler with conical side walls, the springs d are secured at the lower part to the outside of the ring b' and at the upper part to the inside of the ring h. The dotted lines in this figure show the shape that the springs d assume when the basket is outside the boiler. nular ledge in the vessel upon which the upper ring Z) rests. As the lower ring b of the basket placed above it is to rest upon the ring Z), the ledge i: prevents the compression of the basket suspended to it by means of the upper rings b by the weight of the basket above it.

The invention can, as will be seen from Fig. G, also be applied to the Mather and Platt apparatus, wherein the fibrous material which is to be treated with a liquid or with gas is loaded upon wagons, which, running on rails, are conveyed into a horizontal boiler or vessel A. The lateral walls of these wagons are in this case made of springs d. The upper ends of the springs forming the walls of the trucks are connected together by longitudinal rods m. To some of these longitudinal rods there are secured screws s, having left-hand screw-threads,and to the others screws o, having right-hand screw-threads, which engage in pairs in corresponding female threads in a rotatable piece r, so that by turning these pieces r the spring sides forming the walls of the wagons can separate froln or be approached toward one another. Before the material to be treated is introduced into such a wagon or truck the sides thereof by turning the small pieces r are separated to such a distance from one another that the greatest breadth thereof is greater than the u is an an-' IOS IIO

diameter of the vessel A. Assuming such a wagon or truck to be iilled with textile material, the sides of the same must be approached to one another to such an extent by turning the pieces a' in the proper direction that the wagon can be passed into the vessel A. By then turning the parts r in the other direction the spring sides of the truck are pressed against the shell of the vessel. By this means the textile material in the neighborhood of the springs d is more tightly compressed than it was immediately after charging, so that a regular circulation of the liquid which iiows vertically through the wagon is obtained.

What I claim is- I. In an apparatus for the purpose speciiied, the combination with a closed boiler to contain the material, a closed compensating vessel situated wholly above the boiler, a pipe connecting the top of the boiler with the bottom of said compensating vessel, means for causing the circulating liquid to flow from the bottom of the boiler to the upper part of said compensating vessel, and means for heating the circulating liquid up to the required temperature.

2. In an apparatus for treating textile material with circulating liquids having a temperature above 100O centigrade, the combination with a closed boiler to contain the material, and a pump to maintain a continuous circulation of the liquid through the material in the boiler, of a compensating vessel closed against the atmosphere, coupled at its upper part to the pump and at its lower part to the upper part of said boiler, and means for heating the circulating liquid up to the required temperature, said compensating vessel being situated wholly above the boiler and adapted to contain such a quantity of the liquid that a quantity of the liquid will be always present in the upper part of the boiler sufficient to insure that the textile material in the boiler shall be always covered with liquid, whereby the treatment may be effected at a high temperature and under considerable pressure, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

3. In an apparatus for treating textile material with circulating fluids, the combination with a boiler in which the textile material is to be treated, of a basket to contain the textile material and to be introduced into the said boiler, the sides of said basket, which are to come into contact with the boiler-Wall, being formed of outwardly-curved springs d, and the largest diameter of said basket: that is to say, the diameter including the outwardlycurved springs, being greater than that of the part of the boiler to receive the basket, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

4. In an apparatus for treating textile material with circulating iiuids, the combination with a boiler in which the textile material is to be treated, of baskets to contain the material, of different diameters, placed one above another in the boiler and the bottoms of which are adapted to rest upon ledges in said boiler, the sides of said basketsbeing formed of outwardly-curved springs d, the largest diameter of the basket: that is to say, the diameter including said curved springs, being greater than that of the part of the boiler to receive the corresponding basket, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name, this 29th day of December, 1899, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ROBERT WEISS. IVitnesses:

GEORGE GIEEonD, AMAND RITTER.