US701549A - Apparatus for shaping metal receptacles. - Google Patents

Description

No. 70|,549. Patented lune s, |902. M. L. DEI-zama. APPARATUS FOR SHAPING METAL RECEPT.ACLES.

(Application/ filed mm. 11. 1902.) (N o M o d el.)

2vSheets-Sheet I.

nonms MYERS co, PNo'roLlYHo.. WASHINGTON. u. c.

'No. 70l,549. Patented lune 3, i90-2.

M. L. DEERING.

APPARATUS FR SHAPINGMETAL BECEPTAGLES. (Applieation med Jan. 11, i902.)

(no Model.) v 2 sorleefksheet 2.

, .lo N3 E Q m I l UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MARK L. DEERING, NEV YORK, N. Y., 4ASSIGNOR TO STANDARD OIL COMPANY, OF BAYONNE, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

APPARATUS FOR SHAPING METAL RECEPTACLES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Lettersrlatent No. l701,549, dated J' une 3, 1902.

Application lerl January 11, 1902. Serial No. 89,314. (N model.) A

To all whoml it may concern:

Beit known that I, MARK'L. DEERING,a citizen of the United States,residing at New York,

county of Kings, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Shaping Metal Receptacles, fully described and representedin thev following speciication and the accompanying drawings, forming a partei` the same.

This invention relates to certain improve-- ments in an apparatus for shaping hollow articles by fluid-pressure.

It is well known in ytheiart vthat soft-metal articles can be shapedinmolds by employing a mold of the shape which it'l is desired that the article shall assume and then forc-v ing the article to assume thel shapeof the mold by subjectingits interior to fluid-pressure. While soft-,metal articles can be shaped in this manner, it is difficult to shape articles composed `of iron or steel in this way, if any considerable deg ree of expansion is necessary,

for the reason that theiron Vor steel varies in inders in a mold which has a bilge shape and then causing the cylinders tolexpand by subjecting them to interior fluid-pressure until the sides of the cylinders were in contact with the bilged sides of the mold. In order, however, to give a barrel a sufficient bilge, it is necessary to give it a considerable increase in diameter. It has therefore been found impracticable to give metal "cylinders a bilged shape in the manner. described, because theyI would burst before fthedesireddegree of bilge was attained, and for this reason the Vapparatus referred to has not gone into practicalv use. Itis, furthermore, s ometimesdesirable in shaping metal articles to prevent an undue weakening of the same by excessively thinning the amount of mctal'contained Ain' their walls, which might be the case,'for` in-I stance, should a metal cylinder beint'roduced into a mold and expanded tothe shape of the Inthe dr bed or base.

mold without thecylinder;

y The present invention has for one of its objects to produce an improved apparatus for providingifor any shortening of shaping hollow metal `articles' in'which the shape of the mold may be varied as' the shaping operation proceeds, so' that the metal of which the article'is composedfmay not burst during the said'operation', and the mold restored toits original form after the shaping operation is completed, so as to be in conditionfor the next operation.

A further object of the invention isl to produce an improved apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles by fluid-pressure in which provision is made for preventing an undue reduction of t-he thickness of metal in the 'walls of the article due to the expansion thereof.

With these and other objects in view the invention consists in certain constructions and in certain parts, improvements, and combinations, as will be hereinafter fully described and then specifically pointed out in the claims hereunto appended.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part 'of this specification, and in which like characters' of A. reference rindicate the same parts, Figure lrepresents a sectional side elevation of an improved apparatus constructed in accordance with the invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view ofthe construction shown in Fig. l. Fig. ,3 is a section onthc line 3 3 of Fig. 1. Fig; et is a vertical section, the planeof sectionbeing substantially at right' angles to the section illustrated in Fig. l. Fig. 5 isa section en the line 5 5 of Fig. 4. v`Fig.,6 is a detail sectional view onthe Vline'dof Fig. 4, and Fig." 7 is a detail section taken on the line 7 of Fig. l." Y Y Y i awings which representa concrete embodiment of the invention, 1 indicates a Secured to thisbase by suitable pillars 2 or in any other suitable manner is a cross-head 3. The mold in which the metal articles to be shaped are to be introduced may be varied widely in construction.V As shown, this mold comprises a series of independent sections 4:, which will preferably be constructed so as to receive a movement in order to vary the shape of the mold. The construction of the sections and the means whereby they are moved in order to vary the shape of the mold may be varied within wide limits. Preferably, however, and as shown each of the sections will be composed of a plurality of independent parts or blocks, the adjacent ends of which abut. While each section may be made up of any desired number of said parts or blocks,in the construction shown each section is formed of two blocks 5 and 6, the adjacent ends of said blocks abutting, as clearly shown in the drawings, and be'ing disconnected from each other. The parts or blocks which form the sections may be supported in any desired manner. As shown, however, a plurality of supports will be used for this purpose, and these supports will be so mounted as to receive a relative movement with respect to each other, so that the mold maybeopenedand closed. Whileanydesired number of these supports may be used and they may be given any desired configuration,

according to the configuration of the mold employed, in the construction shown two such supports 7 are employed, which are bilged in form. One of these supports 7 is pivoted, by means of a pin 8, to abracket 9, extending inward from one of the pillars, and by means of a pin 10 to the base 1, the other support being rigidly secured to the bed-plate.

Any suitable means may be employed to lock the supports when the mold is in closed position; but these means should be such as to withstand a very high degree of pressure. In the construction shown each of the supports is provided with a pair of shoulders 1l, and these shoulders are arranged to be engaged by a pair of socketed levers 12, which, as shown, are pivoted, by means of links 13, to the stationary part of the mold. Then the mold is closed, the levers are thrown inward, as shown in Fig. 2, the sockets fitting snugly over the shoulders l1.

The supports 7 may be provided with any suitable means for sustaining the mold-sections. As shown, each of the supports has an inwardly-extending shoulder 14, on which the outer ends of the blocks or parts which form the mold-sections rest. Vhen, as in the present ease, the apparatus is intended for shaping metal barrels, the supports will preferably be bilged in shape, as shown. The construction being as described, it will be seen that the mold-sections may be caused to move outward by moving the blocks or parts until they assume the bilged shape of the supports which sustain them. Furthermore, when the blocks are disconnected, as shown, and simply rest upon each other at adjacent ends it willbe seen that this movement will take place in such a way as to shorten the mold from one end. The purpose of this feature of construction will be hereinafter stated.

The means for moving the mold-sections outward may be varied within wide limits.

As shown, however, each of the parts which comprise a mold-section will be recessed, as indicated at 15, (see Fig. 6,) the recesses of adjacent ends of the section being in register. Headed screws 16, having their heads 17 located in the registering recesses, are provided, said screws being engaged by nuts 18, which are mounted in the supports 7. To these nuts 1S are secured, by means of keys 19 or in any other suitable manner, gears 20. The gears 20 are so arranged that when the supports and the mold-sections which carry them are closed all the gears will be in mesh. The screws 16 are arranged in pairs, the thread of one screw of each pair being left-handed and the thread of the other screw of each pair being righthanded. It follows that by driving one or more of the gears all the screws will be rotated and the mold-sections be advanced or retreated according to the direction of movement given the screws. Any suitable means may be used for driving the gears. As shown, a short shaft 2l, mounted in suitable bearings 22, is provided for this purpose, said shaft carrying on one of its ends a gear 23, which meshes with one of the gears 20, this gear being preferably one of those carried by the stationary support. The shaft 2l is provided with the usual fast and loose pulleys 24 25, which may be driven by a belt from any suitable source'of power.

A suitable abutment is provided, which is located at one end of the mold. While this abutment may be of any desired construction, it will preferably be arranged so that it may be moved in and out to introduce the article to be shaped into and remove it from the mold. Vhile any suitable construction may be provided forgiving the abutment the movement referred to, as shown, the abutment, which is marked 26, is carried on a slide 27, mounted to move in ways 28, formed on the bed 1. The under side of the slide 27 is provided with a rack 29, which is engaged by a gear 30, mounted on a short shaft 31, which is suitably supported in bearings on the under side of the bed. The shaft 31 may be rotated in any suitable mannen-as, for instance, by a hand-lever 32. It will be seen that by swinging the hand-lever the abutment may be moved into and out of position and by its use heavy articles may be readily handled. The construction shown is peculiarly welladapted to a machine which is intended to shape metal barrels, because the barrels may be filled with water or other fluid before they are introduced into the mold. Vthen these barrels are filled, they are exceedingly heavy.

As the apparatus will preferably be used a metal cylinder which is marked 3l, will be introduced into the mold, said cylinder being provided with heads 34 and 35, which are secured to the cylinder before the same is placed in the mold. One of these heads, as shown the head 35, is provided with an opening 36, through which the fluid in the cylinder is subjectedtopressure. Thccylinderisplaced IOO IIO

in position with its head 34 resting against the abutment 26, and a second head or abut- -mentis preferably provided, which rests packing-ring 4l and 42 being employed to prevent escape of fluid from this cylinder. The press-block is forced down, so that its head is in contact with the head of the barrel or other receptacle by means of liquid-pressure in the chamber and may be withdrawn in any suitable manner. As shown, it is provided with a stem 43, which extends through a suitable stuffing-box 44 in the top of the cylinder,and is connected,by means of a chain 45, to a suitable counterweight 46, said weight being heavy enough to lift the head when the fluid-pressure is relieved in the chamber. In-

the preferred form of the construction the area of the block which is exposed to pressure in the chamber 40 is preferably considerably greater than the area of the'head 38, which bears against the head of the barrel or other receptacle.

Any desired means may be employed to introduce the Huid-pressure into the receptacle to be shaped. When, as shown, the receptacle is provided with the orifice 36 in one of its ends, the block will preferably be provided with an angular orifice 47. The opening in the head will be provided with a short tube or pipe 48, which extends upward into the vertical part of the orice. Extending into the horizontal part of the orifice is a pipe 49, which couples into a union 50, which connects this pipe 49 and the pipe 4S. The pipe 49 is connected, by means of a union 5l, to a valved pipe 52, through which fluid under pressure is led through the pipe before described into the receptacle. It will of course be understood that the horizontal part of the recess is of sufficient area to permit the required movement of the press-block without disturbing the pipes and their connections.

While the pressure which operates upon the liquid in the receptacle and the pressure which operates upon the liquid in thechamber 40 might be derived from different sources, it will in the preferred form ofthe construction be derived from the same source. To this end a pipe 53 is provided, which leads from a pump or any other suitable source of pressure. (Not shown.) This pipe 53 has a valved branch 54, which extends into the chamber 40, and another branch 55, which connects with the valved pipe 52.

The apparatus being as above described, the operation is as follows: A cylinderhavkmold-sections out.

ing its ends secured thereto and preferably filled with Water or any other suitable uid is placed on the abutment 26, the mold being at this time open, as indicated in Fig. 5. By operating the hand-lever 32 the abutment is slid into position, and the pivoted support carrying its mold-section is swung into position and the two supports locked together. The position of the parts assumed at this time is indicated in Fig. l. The belt is now thrown onto the fast pulley and the gears 2O are caused to rotate. tion given the belt and the fast pulley at this time is preferably such as to cause the screws to move inward, thus bringing the parts or blocks which compose the mold sections snugly up against the cylinder on all sides. When the mold-sections are snugly against the cylinder, the direction of the movement of the belt is reversed and the gears 2O are rotated in opposite directions. This causes the screws to move outward and to carry the When the mold-sections have been moved out a short distance, the belt is thrown onto the loose pulley and the valve in the pipe 54 is opened, thus causing the block 37 to be forced down by the fluid in the chamber 40. As soon as the head 38 comes in contact with the head of the cylinder the valve in the pipe 54 is closed and the connections are made between the pipe 52 and the pipe 48, which is located in the spigothole in the head of the barrel. The valves in the pipes 54 and 52 are now opened, and the fluid in the barrel and the fluid in the chamber 40 are subjected to great pressure. This pressure expands the metallic receptacle out to ,the wall of the mold and simultan eously therewith, because the pressure area in the chamber 40 is greater than the pressure area of the head 38, the block moves inward. This movement of the block occurring as it does simultaneously with the expanding operation, causes the cylinder or receptacle to shorten somewhat and supplies a certain amount of metal forthe purposes of expansion. In other words, if the block 37 were not caused to move inward during the pressing operation the metal of the receptacle would simply be expanded out to the wall of the mold and be thinned in proportion to the extent of this expansion. The inward movement of the head, however, shortens the receptacle, and this supplies a certain amount of metal which is taken up in the expanding operation, so that this operation does not unduly thin the walls of the receptacle. The

inward movement of the head stops when its shoulder 39 strikes against the outer ends of the blocks 5, and this is arranged to take place about the time when the walls of the receptacle or barrel have been expanded, so that they meet the walls of the mold. When this occurs, the pressure is slacked od in the chamber 40 and in the receptacle, the belt is thrown onto the tight pulley 25, and the walls of the mold are moved Vout a short The direction of rota- IIO distance farther. The operations which have just been described are then repeated and the steps of expanding and moving out the walls of the mold are carried on in succession until the barrel or other receptacle has expanded into the shape it is desired to give it.

Vhile in the apparatus shown the expansion of the walls of the mold takes place during the time when the pressure is released, the invention is not limited to an apparatus which operates in this manner, as it is possible to give the walls of the mold a gradual outward movement until the receptacle has assumed the shape desired, the expanding operation being continued as the walls of the mold move. Vhile, furthermore, itis deemed advisable in making barrels, for which the apparatus in which the invention is embodied is designed, to shorten the barrels somewhat during the expanding operation, and thus supply additional metal for expansion purposes, it is possible to form barrels and other receptacles without subjecting them to this shortening operation. Vhile, furthermore, the apparatus in which the invention has been embodied is particularly adapted for the purpose for which it is designed, the invention may be embodied in apparatus which diers widely therefrom. Itis to be understood, therefore, that the invention is not to be limited to lthe details of construction which have been hereinabove described. It will be further understood that certain featul'es of the invention are capable of use independent of other features, and such independent use is contemplated.

The method or process of shaping metal articles hereinbefore disclosed is not claimed in this application, since it forms the subjectmatter of the companion application filed at even date herewith and serially numbered 89,315.

l. In an apparatus forshaping hollow metal articles, the combination with suitable fluidpressure-applying means, of a mold having a movable wall, and means whereby the wall of the mold may be moved during the shaping operation in order to enlarge the mold and thereafter returned to its original position after the shaping operation is completed, substantially as described.

2. In an apparatus foi-shaping hollow metal articles the combination with a suitable duidpressure-applying means, of a mold comprising a movable head and wall, means whereby the wall of the mold may be moved during the shaping operation in order to enlarge the mold and thereafter returned to its original position after the shaping operation is completed, and means for moving the head, substantially as described.

3. In an apparatus forshapinghollow metal articles the combination with a suitable fluidpressure-applying mean s,of a cylindrical mold having a movable wall, and means whereby the wall of thc mold may be moved during the shaping operation in order to enlarge the mold and thereafter returned to its original position after the shaping operation is completed, substantially as described.

4. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles the combination with a suitable fiuidpressure-applying means,of a cylindrical mold having a movable head and wall, means whereby the wall of the mold may be moved during the shaping operation in order to enlarge the mold and thereafter returned to its original position after the shaping operation is completed, and means for moving the head, substantially as described.

5. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles, the combination witha suitable fluidpressure-applying means, of a mold having a wall made up of movable sections, and means whereby said sections may be moved during the shaping operation in order to enlarge the mold and therea fter returned to their original position after the shaping operation is completed, substantially as described.

G. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles, the combination with a suitable fluidpressure-applying means, of a mold having a wall made up of movable sections and a movable head, means whereby said sections may be moved during the shaping operation in order to enlarge the mold and thereafter returned to their original position after the shaping operation is completed, and means for giving the head an inward movement, substantially as described.

7. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles, the combination with a suitable fiuidpressure applying means, of a cylindrical mold having a wall made up of movable sections, and means whereby said sections may be moved during the shaping operation in order to enlarge the mold and thereafter returned to their original position after the shaping operation is completed, substantially as described.

8. In an apparatus foi-shaping hollow metal articles, the combination with a suitable duidpressure-applying means, of a cylindrical mold having a wall made up of movable sections and a movable head, means whereby said sections may be moved during the shaping operation in order to enlarge the mold and thereafter returned to their original position after the shaping operation is completed, and means for giving the head an inward movement, substantially as described.

9. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles, the combination with a suitable fluidpressure-applying means, of amold composed of movable sections each section comprising a plurality of parts, and means whereby said sections may be moved during the shaping operation in order to enlarge the mold and thereafter returned to their original position after the shaping operation is completed, substantially as described.

l0. In an apparatus 'for shaping hollow metal articles,the combination with a suitable IOO IIO

iiuid-pressure-applyin g means,of'a mold composed of movable sections each section comprising a plurality of parts, said mold also having a movable head, means whereby said sections may be moved during the shaping operation in order to enlarge the mold and thereafter returned to their original position after the shaping operation is completed, and means for giving the head an inward movement, substantially as described.

11. A mold for use in a fluid-pressure shaping apparatus comprising a plurality ot sections each section being made up of a plurality of movable parts, and means for moving the adjacent parts of each section simultaneously to enlarge the mold, substantially as described.

12. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles, the combination with suitable luid-pressure-applying means, of a mold having a wall made up of movable sections each section being composed of a plurality of parts, and means for giving the adjacent parts of each section a simultaneous movement to enlarge the mold, substantially as described.

13. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles, the combination with suitable luid-pressure-applying means', of a mold having a movable head and a wall made up of movable sections each section being composed of a plurality of parts, and means for giving the adjacent parts of each section a simultaneous movement to enlarge the mold, substantially as described.

14. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles, the combination with suitable liuid-pressure-applying means, of a mold having a'wall made up of movable sections, and means for giving a simultaneous movement to all the sections to enlarge the mold, substantially as described.

15. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles., the combination with suitable fluid-pressure-applying means, ot'a mold having a movable head and a wall made up of movable sections, and means for giving a simultaneous movement to all the sections to enlarge the mold, substantially as described.

16. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles,thecomhination with a suitable liuid-pressure-applying means, of a mold said mold having a wall composed of a plurality of movable sections each section consisting of a plurality of movable parts, and means. for simultaneously moving the parts of all lthe sections to enlarge the mold, substantially as described.

17.- In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles, the combination with suitable fluid-pressure-applying means, of a mold having a wall made up of sections each section comprising a plurality of movable parts, and means for moving said parts to enlarge the mold, said moving means being connected to the adjacent parts of each section, substantially as described.

19. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles, the combination with suitable uid-pressure-applying means, of a mold havv ing a movable head and a wall made up of sections each section comprising a plurality of movable parts, and means for moving said parts to enlarge the mold said moving means being connected to the adjacent parts of each section, substantially as described.

20. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles, the combination with a plurality of supports, cfa plurality of movable moldsections carried by the su pports,means whereby the supports are permitted to have a relative movement with respect to each other to open and close the mold,and means for moving the sections to enlarge the mold as the shaping operation proceeds, substantially as described. Y

2l. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles, the combination with a plurality of supports, ofaplurality of movable moldsections carried by the supports,1neans whereby the supports are permitted to have a relative movement with respect to each other to open and close the mold, means for moving IOO the sections t enlarge the mold as the shapf ing operation proceeds, and a movable'head cooperating with the mold-sections, substantially as described.

' 22. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles, the combination with a plurality of su pports, of a plurality of movable moldsections carried by the supports,means where- Iby the supports are permitted to have a relative movement with respect to each other to open and close the mold, and means carried bythe supports for moving the sections to enlarge the mold as the shaping operation proceeds, substantially as described.

23. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles, the combination with a plurality of supports, of a plurality of movable moldsections carried by the su pports,means whereby the supports are permitted to have a rela- IIO tive movement with respect to each other to open and close the mold, means carried by the supports for moving ,the sections to enlarge the mold as the shaping operation proceeds,

out of position between the supports when they are opened in order to position and remove the articles to be shaped, substantiall y as described.

25. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles, the combination with suitable fiuid-pressure-applying means, of a plurality ot' supports, a plurality of movable mold-sections carried by the supports, means whereby the supports are permitted to have a relative movement toward and from each other, an abutment arranged to be moved into and out of position between the supports when they are opened in order to position and remove the articles to be shaped, and a movable head cooperating with the mold-sections, su bstantially as described.

26. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles, the combination with suitable uidpressure-applying means, of a plurality of supports, a plurality of mold-sections carried by the supports, means for permitting a relative movement of the supports in order to open and close the mold, a series of gears carlied by the supports, means for rotating the gears, and connections between the gears and the mold-sections, substantially as described.

27. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles, the combination with suitable fiuid-pressure-applying means, of a plurality of supports, a plurality of mold-sections carried by the supports, means for permittinga relative movement of the supports in order to open and close the mold, a movable head cooperating with the mold-sections, a series of gears carried by the supports, means for rotating the gears, and connections between the gears and the mold-sections, substantially as described.

28. In an apparatus for shaping hollow metal articles, the combination with suitable iluid-pressure-applying means, of a plurality of supports, a plurality of mold-sections carried by the supports, means for permitting a relative movement of the supports in order to open and close the mold, a movable abutment at one end of the mold-sections, a movable head at the other end of the mold-sections, a

series of gears carried by the supports, means for rotating the gears, and connections between the gears and the mold-sections, substantially as described.

29. In an apparatus for shaping metal barrels, the combination with suitable Huid-pressureapplying means, ot` a mold, and means for increasing the diameter of the mold at its center in order to give the barrel a bilged shape and for restoring the mold to its original form after the shaping operation, substantially as described.

30. In an apparatus for shaping metal barrels, the combination with suitable duid-pressure-applying means, of a mold, means for increasing the diameter 0f the mold at its center in order to give the barrel a bilged shape, suitable heads or abutments coperating therewith, and means for causing one of the heads or abutments to move inward during the shaping operation,substantially as described.

31. In a machine` for shaping metal receptacles, the combination with a plurality ofsupports mounted to permit a relative opening and closing movement, of a plurality of moldsections mounted on the'supports each section being composed of a plurality of parts having their adjacent ends abutting, means for giving the parts an outward movement at their line of contact, and means for subjecting the receptacle to an interior fluid-pressure, substantially as described.

In a machine for shaping metal receptacles, the combination with a plurality of supports mounted to permit a relative open and closing movement, of a plurality of mold-sections mounted on the supports each section being composed of a plurality of parts having their adjacent ends abutting, means for giving the parts an outward movement at their line of contact, an abutment for one end of the receptacle, a head for the other end, means for moving one of these parts during the shaping operation, and means for subjecting the interior of the receptacle to fluid-pressure, substantially as described.

33. In a machine for shaping metal receptacles,the combination with a plurality of supports mounted to permit an opening and closing movement, of a plurality of mold-sections carried by said supports, each of said sections comprising a plurality of parts the adjacent ends ot` which abut, an abutment coperating with the mold-sections at one end, a head cooperating with the mold-sections at the other end, means connected to adjacent parts of each support at their line of contact for moving the parts outward, means for subjecting the interior of the receptacle to duidpressure, and means for moving the head inward as the parts of the mold are moved outward, substantially as described.

34. In av machine for shaping metal receptacles, the combination with a plurality of supports mounted to permit an opening and closing movement, of a plurality of mold-sections carried by said supports, each of said sections comprising a plurality of parts the adjacent ends of which abut, aplurality of rotating gears, and connections between the gears and said parts, substantially as described.

35. In a machine for shaping metal receptacles, the combination witha plu rality otsupports mounted to permit an opening and closing movement, ot' a plurality of mold-sections carried by said supports, each ot' said sections comprising a plurality of parts the adjacent ends of which abut, a plurality of rotating gears, connections between the gears and said parts, a head, and means for moving the head inward as the parts move outward, substantially as described.

3G. The combination with a plurality of supports mounted to permit au opening and closing movement, of means for locking the sup- IOO IIO

ports in their closed position, a plurality of mold-sections carried by the supports, an abutment cooperating with the mold-sections at one end, means for moving the mold-sections outward at the center, and means for subjecting the interior of the receptacle to duid-pressure, substantially as described.

37. The combination with a plurality ot' su pports mounted to permit an opening and closing movement, of means for locking the supports in their closed position, a plurality of mold-sections carried by the supports, an abutment cooperating with the mold-sections at one end, means for moving the mold-sections outward at the center, means for sul)- jecting the interior of the receptacle to fluidpressure, a head, and Ineans for moving the head in ward as the parts of themold are moved outward, substantially as described.

3S. In a machine for shaping metal receptacles, the combination with a plurality of bilged supports, said supports being mounted to have a relative opening and closing movement, of means for .locking the supports in their closed position, an abutment, a series of mold-sections carried by the supports, each section being "composedA of a plurality of parts, means for givingthejparts of said sections an outward movement, and means for subjecting the interior of the receptacle to fluidpressure, substantially as described.

39. In a machine for shaping metal receptacles, the combination with a plurality of bilged supports, said supports being mounted to have a relative openingand closing movenient, of means for locking the supports in their closed position, an abutment, a series of mold-sections carried by the supports, each Isection being composed of a plurality of parts,

means forgiving the parts of said sections an outward movement, means for subjecting the interior of the receptacle to fluid-pressure, a

head, and means for moving the head inward duri-ng the shaping operation, substantially as described.

10. In a machine for shaping metal receptacles, the combination with a plurality of bilged supports, said supports being mounted to have a relative opening and closing movement, of means for locking the supports in their closed position, an abutment, a series of mold-sections carried bythe supports, each section being composed ofla plurality of parts, means for giving the sections asimultaneous 4outward movement, and means for subjecting the interior of the receptacle to fluid-pressure, substantially as described.

' al. In a machine for shaping metal receptacles, the combination with a plurality of bilged supports, said supports being mounted to have a relative opening and closing movement, of means for locking the supports in their closed position, an abutment, a series lof mold-sections carried by the supports, each .section being composed of a plurality of parts, means for giving the sections a simultaneous outward movement, means for subjecting the interior of the receptacle to duid-pressure, a head, and means for moving the head inward during the shaping Operation, substantially as described.

In a machine for shaping metal receptacles, the combination with a plurality of bilged supports mounted to permit an opening and closing movement, of an abutment, a plurality of mold-sections carried by the supports, each of said mold-sections consisting of a plurality of parts, means for locking the supports in closed position, a plurality of gears, connections between said'gears and adjacent parts of the sections, means for rotating the gears, means for moving the parts of the sections to give the mold a bilged form, and means for producing an interior fluidpressure, substantially as described.

43. In a machine for shaping metal receptacles, the combination with a plurality of bilged supports mounted to permit an opening aud closing movement, of an abutment, a plurality of mold-sections carried by the supports, each of said mold-sections consistingof a plurality of parts, means for locking the supports in closed position, a plurality of gears, connections between said gears and adjacent parts of the sections, means for rotating the gears, means for moving the parts of the sections to give the mold a bilged form, means for producing an interior fluid-pressure, a head, and means for moving said head inward, substantially as described.

4l. In a machine for shaping metal receptacles, the combination with suitable supports mounted to permit an opening and closing movement, of a plurality of mold-sections carried by the supports each of the sections comprising a plurality of parts having abutting ends, a plurality of screws the head of each screw being connected to two adjacent parts of a mold-section at their line of contact, means cooperating with the screws for causing them to move outward and give the parts of the mold-sections an outward movement, and means for producing an interior iuid pressure, substantially as described.

45. In a machine for shaping metal receptacles, the combination with suitable supports mounted to permit an opening and closing movement, of a plurality of mold-sections carried by the supports each of the sections comprising a plurality of parts having abutting ends, a plurality of screws the heads of each screw being connected to two adjacent parts of a mold-section at their line of contact, suitable nuts cooperating with the screws, a series of rotating gears for operating the nuts whereby the screws are caused to move outward and impart a movement to the parts of the'mold-sections, and means for producing an interior fluid-pressure, substantially as described.

46. The combination with a plurality of bilged supports, mounted to permit a relative opening and closing movement, of means for IOO IIO

connected to said adjacent ends, means including rotating gears and suitable connections for moving the abutting ends of the parts to give the mold a bilged form, a head, means for moving the head inward as the parts of the mold are moved outward, and means for producing an interior fluid-pressure, substantially as described.

47. In a machine for shaping metal rece@` tacles, the combination with a mold, of a suitable abutment at one end thereof, means for moving the mold outward between its ends, a head for closing the otherend of the mold, means for producing an interior fluid-pressure, and means for causing the head to move inward simultaneously with said pressure, substantially as described.

4S. In a machine for shaping metal receptacles, the combination with a mold comprising a plurality of sections each section being composed of a plurality of abutting parts, of an abutment at one end of the mold, means for moving the parts of the sections outward at their line of contact, a head for the other end of the mold, means for producing an interior fluid-pressure, and means for causing` the head of the mold to move inward simultaneously with said pressure, substantially as described.

49. In a machine for shaping metal receptacles, the combination with a mold, of a suitable abutment at one end thereof, means for moving the mold outward between its ends during the shaping operation and restoring it to its original form after the completion of the shaping operation, a head for closing the other end of the mold, and means for simultaneously subjecting the interior of the receptacle and said head to fluid-pressure, substantially as described.

50. In a machine for shaping metal receptacles, the combination with a mold comprising a plurality of sections each section being composed of a plurality of abutting parts, of an abutment at one end of the mold, means for moving the parts of the sections outward at their line of contact, a head for the other end of the mold, and means for simultaneously subjecting the interior of a receptacle and said head to fluid-pressure, substantially as described.

5l. The combination with a mold for shaping hollow metal articles, of an abutment at one end of the mold, a head at the other end of the mold said head having a bearing-surface against which the end of the article to be shaped rests, a hydraulic chamber above the head, said chamber being `ot' greater area than the area of the bearing-surface, a pressure-supply pipe, a branch from said pipe leading to the hydraulic chamber above the head and a branch from said pipe leading to the interior ot' the article to be shaped, substantially as described.

52. The combination with a bilged mold for shaping hollow metal articles, of an abutment at one end of the mold, a head at the other end of the mold said head having a bearingsurface against which the end of the article to be shaped rests, a hydraulic chamber above the head, said chamber being of greater area than the area of the bearing-surface, a pressure-supply pipe, a branch from said pipe leading to the hydraulic chamber above the head and a branch from said pipe leading to the interior of the article to be shaped, substantially as described.

The combination with a mold comprising a series of sections adapted to receive an outward movement, of an abutment at one end of the mold, a head at the other end of the mold said head having a bearing-surface against which the end of the article to be shaped rests, a hydraulic chamber above the head, said chamber boing of greater area than the area of the bearing-surface, a pressuresupply pipe, a branch from said pipe leading to the hydraulic chamber aboyethe head and a branch from said pipe le'ii.dif.\. ,lt` to the interior of the article to beshapedsubstantially as described.

54. The combination with a mold for shaping hollow metal articles said mold comprising a plurality of sections each section being composed of abutting parts, ot' means foirmoving the parts outward at their line of contact, an abutment at one end of the mold, a movable block at the other end of the mold said block having abearing-snrface against which the head of the article to be shaped restsand IOO a shoulder adapted to come in contact-.with Y Y the ends of the mold-sections whereby the position of the sections limits the inward movement of the block, and means for subjectingV the interior of the receptacle and the block to different degrees of duid-pressure, substantially as described.

55. The combination with a pair of seniicy-l lindrical bilged supports mounted to permit an opening and a closing movement, of van abutment, means for moving the abutment into and out of position at one end of the supports, a plurality of mold-sections carried Vby the supports each of said sections comprising a plurality of abutting parts, screws connected to said parts at their line of contact, suitable connections including a series of rotating gears for operating the screws to move the sections, a movable block at the other end of the mold, said block havingabearingsurface which rests against the article to shaped and a shoulder adapted to rest against the ends of the parts of the mold-sections,

means for subjecting the interior of the article to be shaped to duid-pressure, and means'- for causing the block to move inward untilv its shoulder strikes the end of the mold-sec-v tions, substantially as described.

56. The combination with a pair of semicjylindrical blged supports mounted to permit an opening and a closing movement,of an abutment, means for moving the abutment into and out of position at one end of thesupports, a plurality of mold-sections carried by the supports each of said sections comprising a plurality of abutting parts, screws connected to said parts at their line of contact, suitable connections including a series of rotating gears for operating the screws to move the sections, a movable block at the other end of the mold, said block having a bearingsurface which rests against the article to be shaped and a shoulder adapted to rest against the ends of theparts of the mold-sections, means forsubjecting the interior of the article to be shaped and the block to different degrees of fluid-pressure whereby the article is caused to assume the shape of the mold and the block to move inward until its shoulder comes in contact with the mold-sections, substantially as described.

57. The combination with a pair of semicylindrical blged supports mounted to permit an opening and a closing movement, of an abutment, means for moving the 'abutment into and out of position at one end of the supports, a plurality of mold-sections carried by the supports each of said sections comprising a plurality of abutting parts, screws connect-l ed to said parts at their line of contact, suitable connections including a series of rotating gears for operating the screws to move the sections, a movable block at the other end of the mold, said blockhavinga bearingsnrface which rests against the article to be shaped and a shoulder adapted to rest against the ends 'of the parts of the moldsections, means for simultaneously subjecting the interior of the article to be shaped and the block to different degrees of fluid-pressure whereby the article isrcaused to assume the shape of the mold and the block to move inward until its shoulder comes in contact with the moldsections, substantially as described.

'In ltestimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand` in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

MARK L. DEERING.

vlitnesises: y

T. F. KEHoE, C. J. SAWYER.

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