US7014649B2 - Medical instrument - Google Patents

Medical instrument Download PDF

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Publication number
US7014649B2
US7014649B2 US10/659,955 US65995503A US7014649B2 US 7014649 B2 US7014649 B2 US 7014649B2 US 65995503 A US65995503 A US 65995503A US 7014649 B2 US7014649 B2 US 7014649B2
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United States
Prior art keywords
push pin
jaw members
toggle
center axis
toggle joint
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Expired - Lifetime, expires
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US10/659,955
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US20040127890A1 (en
Inventor
Uwe Bacher
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Karl Storz SE and Co KG
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Karl Storz SE and Co KG
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Assigned to KARL STORZ GMBH & CO. KG., A GERMANY CORPORATION reassignment KARL STORZ GMBH & CO. KG., A GERMANY CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BACHER, UWE
Publication of US20040127890A1 publication Critical patent/US20040127890A1/en
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Assigned to KARL STORZ SE & CO. KG reassignment KARL STORZ SE & CO. KG CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KARL STORZ GMBH & CO. KG
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29—Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29—Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2926—Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2932—Transmission of forces to jaw members
    • A61B2017/2939—Details of linkages or pivot points
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29—Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2926—Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2932—Transmission of forces to jaw members
    • A61B2017/2939—Details of linkages or pivot points
    • A61B2017/294—Connection of actuating rod to jaw, e.g. releasable

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a medical instrument with a shaft having on its proximal end a handle consisting of two handle members and on its distal end a tool consisting of two jaw members that can rotate with respect to one another around a common rotation point, whereby the jaw members rotate to open and close the tool by means of a push pin, which is connected on the proximal end with a gripping member configured so as to be rotatable and which on the distal end is connected with each of the jaw members by a steering lever, and where the pivot point of each steering lever is situated so close to the common rotation point of the jaw members that the pivot points lie inside the diameter of the shaft even at maximum opening.
  • the jaw members in this case can have blades in order to sever tissue, or blunt surfaces for securing separated tissue or to stanch blood vessels for instance.
  • a common trait of these medical instruments is that both jaw members of the tool mounted on the distal end of the shaft can be rotated around a common rotation point.
  • a push pin is provided for opening and closing the jaw members, which push pin is connected with a movable gripping member of the handle.
  • the jaw members and the push pin are connected to one another by means of one toggle joint each, and each of these levers are connected on the one hand by joints with the push pin and on the other hand by joints with the respective jaw member.
  • a medical instrument of this kind is known, for instance, from DE 299 11 011 U.
  • the pivot points of the toggle joint lie on the respective jaw member at some distance from the common rotation point of the jaw members, so that upon sliding the push pin, especially for closing the tool, a lever ratio results that allows sizable power transmission.
  • These medical instruments have proven their usefulness in practice; however, under cramped space conditions they have the disadvantage that the toggle joints rotate outward when the jaw members open and thus they clearly increase the diameter of the instrument in the area between the push pin and the tool. This extra required space is not always available, however, and therefore these known instruments cannot be employed for all operations.
  • the invention fulfills this aim in that the pivot points of the toggle joints on the respective jaw member are arranged at a distance from the proximal end of the jaw members, close to the common rotation point of the jaw members and, even at maximum opening, inside the distal-end outer diameter of the shaft immediately surrounding the push pin, and in that each toggle joint is mounted over just one pivot point on the push pin, where the pivot point of the one toggle joint lies on the push pin above the center axis of the push pin and the pivot point of the other toggle joint lies on the push pin below the center axis of the push pin, and in that the distal end of the push pin connected with the toggle joints is configured as two-armed, where the pivot points of the toggle joints are mounted on the front ends of the arms and one arm is configured as jointed upward away from the center axis of the push pin and the other arm as jointed downward away from the center axis of the push pin.
  • the pivot point of the one toggle joint is situated on the push pin above the center axis of the push pin and the pivot point of the other toggle joint on the push pin is situated below the center axis of the push pin.
  • the distal end of the push pin connected with the toggle joints is configured to have two arms whereby the pivot points of the toggle joint are arranged on the front ends of the arms and one arm is designed as jointed upward away from the center axis of the push pin and the other arm is designed as jointed downward away from the center axis of the push pin.
  • FIG. 1 Lateral view of an inventive medical instrument
  • FIG. 2 Enlarged and partly cut out view of detail II according to FIG. 1 , showing the jaw members in closed position
  • FIG. 3 Enlarged and partly cut out view of detail III according to FIG. 1 , showing the jaw members in open position.
  • FIG. 1 shows a lateral view of a medical instrument, whose power transmission mechanism has multiple uses, such as for punching, cutting, holding a needle, as grasping tool, and the like.
  • the illustrated medical instrument 1 consists essentially of a hollow shaft 2 on whose proximal end a handle 3 is mounted, consisting of a rigid gripping part 3 a and a gripping part 3 b that can rotate with respect to the rigid gripping part 3 a .
  • a tool 4 On the distal end of the shaft 2 a tool 4 is mounted, which is configured by two jaw members 4 a and 4 b that can rotate with respect to one another around a common rotation point 5 .
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 As can be seen from the detailed views in FIGS. 2 and 3 , as well as the complete view of FIG.
  • the jaw members 4 a and 4 b of the tool 4 and the rotatable gripping part 3 b of handle 3 are connected to one another by means of a push pin 6 in such a way that, by displacing the gripping member 3 b , the jaw members 4 a and 4 b can be moved from the closed position (striped areas in FIGS. 1 and 2 ) into the open position (dot-and-dash areas in FIGS. 1 and 2 ) or vice versa.
  • Each corresponding position of the rotatable gripping member 3 b in FIG. 1 is likewise striped (for the closed position) and marked with dots and dashes (for the open position).
  • the push pin 6 is not connected directly with the jaw members 4 a and 4 b but by means of two toggle joints 7 a and 7 b .
  • the toggle joints 7 a and 7 b make it possible to displace both jaw members 4 a and 4 b with just one push pin 6 and also to ensure sufficient power transmission to the tool 4 , especially upon closing the jaw members 4 a and 4 b.
  • first the toggle joints 7 a , 7 b are connected with the jaw members 4 a and 4 b by means of the jaw members 4 a , 4 b , and second, the distal end of the push pin 6 is designed to be two-armed, with two arms 6 a and 6 b jointed away from the center axis 9 of the push pin 6 .
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 The exact structure of the lever mechanism and the arrangement of the components to one another can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 3 .
  • the connection of the toggle joints 7 a and 7 b with the arms 6 a and 6 b of the push pin 6 proceeds by way of pivot points 10 a and 10 b , which are arranged above and below the center axis 9 of the push pin 6 .
  • pivot points 10 a and 10 b By displacing the pivot points 10 a and 10 b away from the center axis 9 of the push pin rod 6 , the achievable lever ratio is further increased, after having been worsened by the displacement of the pivot points 8 a and 8 b toward the common rotation point 5 of the jaw members 4 a , 4 b .
  • the medical instrument is actuated as follows:
  • the gripping member 3 b can be rotated around a rotation axis 11 with respect to the other, rigid gripping member 3 a.
  • the tool 4 can be opened and closed.
  • the pivot points 8 a , 8 b and 10 a , 10 b for connecting the toggle joints 7 a and 7 b with jaw members 4 a , 4 b and the arms 6 a , 6 b of the push pint 6 are arranged in such a way that none of the pivot points 8 a , 8 b or 10 a , 10 b extends beyond the diameter of the shaft 2 when the jaw members 4 a , 4 b are displaced.
  • a medical instrument 1 of this configuration can therefore be employed even under cramped space conditions.

Abstract

The invention relates to a medical instrument with a shaft having on its proximal end a handle consisting of two gripping members and on its distal end a tool consisting of two jaw members that can rotate with respect to one another around a common rotation point, whereby the jaw members are rotated for opening and closing the tool by means of a push pin which is connected on the proximal end with a gripping member of the handle which is configured to be rotatable and which on the distal end is connected with each of the jaw members by means of one toggle joint. In order to design a medical instrument of the aforementioned type in such a way that it can be employed even under cramped space conditions and with sufficient power transmission, the invention proposes that the pivot points of the toggle joints are mounted on the respective jaw member at a distance from the proximal end of the jaw members, close to the common rotation point of the jaw members, and that they lie, even at maximum opening, inside the distal-end outer diameter of the shaft immediately surrounding the push pin, and that each toggle joint is mounted over just one pivot point on the push pin, where the pivot point of the one toggle joint lies on the push pin above the center axis of the push pin and the pivot point of the other toggle joint lies on the push pin below the center axis of the push pin, and that the toggle joint, and whereby the distal end of the push pin connected with the toggle joints is two-armed in configuration, where the pivot points of the toggle joins are arranged on the front ends of the arms and one arm is configured as jointed away from the center axis of the push pin upwards, and the other arm is configured as jointed away from the center axis of the push pin downwards.

Description

This application is a continuation of pending International Patent Application No. PCT/EP02/02490 filed on Mar. 7, 2002 designating the United States and claiming priority of pending German Patent Application No. 101 11 766.0 filed on Mar. 12, 2001.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a medical instrument with a shaft having on its proximal end a handle consisting of two handle members and on its distal end a tool consisting of two jaw members that can rotate with respect to one another around a common rotation point, whereby the jaw members rotate to open and close the tool by means of a push pin, which is connected on the proximal end with a gripping member configured so as to be rotatable and which on the distal end is connected with each of the jaw members by a steering lever, and where the pivot point of each steering lever is situated so close to the common rotation point of the jaw members that the pivot points lie inside the diameter of the shaft even at maximum opening.
Conventional medical instruments are in frequent practical use as gripping, securing, and/or cutting tools. The jaw members in this case can have blades in order to sever tissue, or blunt surfaces for securing separated tissue or to stanch blood vessels for instance.
A common trait of these medical instruments is that both jaw members of the tool mounted on the distal end of the shaft can be rotated around a common rotation point. A push pin is provided for opening and closing the jaw members, which push pin is connected with a movable gripping member of the handle. In order to be able to rotate two jaw members by means of a single push pin, the jaw members and the push pin are connected to one another by means of one toggle joint each, and each of these levers are connected on the one hand by joints with the push pin and on the other hand by joints with the respective jaw member.
A medical instrument of this kind is known, for instance, from DE 299 11 011 U. In this known medical instrument the pivot points of the toggle joint lie on the respective jaw member at some distance from the common rotation point of the jaw members, so that upon sliding the push pin, especially for closing the tool, a lever ratio results that allows sizable power transmission. These medical instruments have proven their usefulness in practice; however, under cramped space conditions they have the disadvantage that the toggle joints rotate outward when the jaw members open and thus they clearly increase the diameter of the instrument in the area between the push pin and the tool. This extra required space is not always available, however, and therefore these known instruments cannot be employed for all operations.
Consequently it is the task of the invention to design a medical instrument of the aforementioned type in such a way that it can be employed even under cramped space conditions and with sufficient power transmission.
The invention fulfills this aim in that the pivot points of the toggle joints on the respective jaw member are arranged at a distance from the proximal end of the jaw members, close to the common rotation point of the jaw members and, even at maximum opening, inside the distal-end outer diameter of the shaft immediately surrounding the push pin, and in that each toggle joint is mounted over just one pivot point on the push pin, where the pivot point of the one toggle joint lies on the push pin above the center axis of the push pin and the pivot point of the other toggle joint lies on the push pin below the center axis of the push pin, and in that the distal end of the push pin connected with the toggle joints is configured as two-armed, where the pivot points of the toggle joints are mounted on the front ends of the arms and one arm is configured as jointed upward away from the center axis of the push pin and the other arm as jointed downward away from the center axis of the push pin.
By situating the pivot points of the toggle joint on the jaw members at the common rotation point of the jaw members, an instrument is made available both of whose jaw members can be rotated by means of one push pin and which can also be used in cramped space conditions, because the pivot points, due to the close proximity to the common rotation point, are not rotated so far outward, even at maximum opening, that they extend beyond the pre-established diameter of the shaft. Because the lever ratio and thus, in particular, the power that can be applied upon closing the tool have worsened in relation to state-of the-art instruments because of the displacement of the pivot points toward the common rotation point, the pivot point of the one toggle joint is situated on the push pin above the center axis of the push pin and the pivot point of the other toggle joint on the push pin is situated below the center axis of the push pin. By means of this displacement of the pivot points between the toggle joints and the push pin away from the center axis, the lever ratio responsible for the possible power transmission can be further improved so that cutting operations can also be performed reliably.
Finally, it is proposed with the invention that the distal end of the push pin connected with the toggle joints is configured to have two arms whereby the pivot points of the toggle joint are arranged on the front ends of the arms and one arm is designed as jointed upward away from the center axis of the push pin and the other arm is designed as jointed downward away from the center axis of the push pin. By thus spreading apart the distal end of the push pin connected with the toggle joints, the lever ratio can be even further improved.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Additional characteristics and advantages can be seen from the following description of the associated drawing, in which an embodiment of an inventive medical instrument is presented merely schematically by way of example. The illustrations are as follows:
FIG. 1 Lateral view of an inventive medical instrument
FIG. 2 Enlarged and partly cut out view of detail II according to FIG. 1, showing the jaw members in closed position
FIG. 3 Enlarged and partly cut out view of detail III according to FIG. 1, showing the jaw members in open position.
 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a lateral view of a medical instrument, whose power transmission mechanism has multiple uses, such as for punching, cutting, holding a needle, as grasping tool, and the like. The illustrated medical instrument 1 consists essentially of a hollow shaft 2 on whose proximal end a handle 3 is mounted, consisting of a rigid gripping part 3 a and a gripping part 3 b that can rotate with respect to the rigid gripping part 3 a. On the distal end of the shaft 2 a tool 4 is mounted, which is configured by two jaw members 4 a and 4 b that can rotate with respect to one another around a common rotation point 5. As can be seen from the detailed views in FIGS. 2 and 3, as well as the complete view of FIG. 1, the jaw members 4 a and 4 b of the tool 4 and the rotatable gripping part 3 b of handle 3 are connected to one another by means of a push pin 6 in such a way that, by displacing the gripping member 3 b, the jaw members 4 a and 4 b can be moved from the closed position (striped areas in FIGS. 1 and 2) into the open position (dot-and-dash areas in FIGS. 1 and 2) or vice versa. Each corresponding position of the rotatable gripping member 3 b in FIG. 1 is likewise striped (for the closed position) and marked with dots and dashes (for the open position). As can also be seen from the detail views of FIGS. 2 and 3, the push pin 6 is not connected directly with the jaw members 4 a and 4 b but by means of two toggle joints 7 a and 7 b. The toggle joints 7 a and 7 b make it possible to displace both jaw members 4 a and 4 b with just one push pin 6 and also to ensure sufficient power transmission to the tool 4, especially upon closing the jaw members 4 a and 4 b.
In coupling the push pin 6 to the jaw members 4 a and 4 b of the tool 4 by means of the toggle joints 7 a and 7 b, to ensure on the one hand that sufficient cutting or adhesive power can be achieved by means of jaw members 4 a and 4 b, and on the other hand that the dimensions of the instrument are not increased by the lever mechanism, first the toggle joints 7 a, 7 b are connected with the jaw members 4 a and 4 b by means of the jaw members 4 a, 4 b, and second, the distal end of the push pin 6 is designed to be two-armed, with two arms 6 a and 6 b jointed away from the center axis 9 of the push pin 6.
The exact structure of the lever mechanism and the arrangement of the components to one another can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 3. The connection of the toggle joints 7 a and 7 b with the arms 6 a and 6 b of the push pin 6 proceeds by way of pivot points 10 a and 10 b, which are arranged above and below the center axis 9 of the push pin 6. By displacing the pivot points 10 a and 10 b away from the center axis 9 of the push pin rod 6, the achievable lever ratio is further increased, after having been worsened by the displacement of the pivot points 8 a and 8 b toward the common rotation point 5 of the jaw members 4 a, 4 b. This displacement of the pivot points 8 a, 8 b is necessary, however, because only in this way can one ensure that the pivot points 8 a, 8 b do not extend beyond the diameter of the shaft 2 even with maximum opening of the jaw members 4, 4 b or of the toggle joints 7 a, 7 b.
The medical instrument is actuated as follows:
For secure gripping of the gripping members 3 a, 3 b of the handle 3, the latter have finger lops 3 c on their free ends. In the illustrated embodiment, the gripping member 3 b can be rotated around a rotation axis 11 with respect to the other, rigid gripping member 3 a.
Through the coupling of the rotatable gripping member 3 b by the push pin rod 6 and the toggle joints 7 a, 7 b with the rotatable jaw members 4 a, 4 b of the tool 4, the tool 4 can be opened and closed.
As can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, the pivot points 8 a, 8 b and 10 a, 10 b for connecting the toggle joints 7 a and 7 b with jaw members 4 a, 4 b and the arms 6 a, 6 b of the push pint 6 are arranged in such a way that none of the pivot points 8 a, 8 b or 10 a, 10 b extends beyond the diameter of the shaft 2 when the jaw members 4 a, 4 b are displaced. A medical instrument 1 of this configuration can therefore be employed even under cramped space conditions.
Reference List
 1 medical instrument
 2 shaft
 3 handle
  3a rigid gripping member
  3b rotatable gripping member
  3c finger loops
 4 tool
  4a jaw member
  4b jaw member
 5 rotation point
 6 push pin
  6a arm
  6b arm
  7a toggle joint
  7b toggle joint
  8a pivot point
  8b pivot point
 9 center axis
 10a pivot point
 10b pivot point
11 rotation axis

Claims (1)

1. Medical instrument with a shaft, on whose proximal end a handle consisting of two gripping members is arranged and on whose distal end a tool is mounted consisting of two jaw members that can rotate around a common rotation point with respect to one another, whereby the rotation of the jaw members for opening and closing the tool is accomplished by means of a push pin, which on the proximal side is connected with a gripping member of the handle configured to be rotatable, and which on the distal side is connected with each of the jaw members by means of a toggle joint in each case and whereby the pivot point of each toggle joint is arranged on each jaw member so close to the common rotation point of the jaw members that the pivot points lie within the diameter of the shaft even at maximum opening,
whereby the pivot points of the toggle joint on the respective jaw member are mounted at a distance from the proximal end of the jaw members, close to the common rotation point of the jaw members and also at maximum opening lie within the distal-end outer diameter of the shaft immediately surrounding the push pin and
whereby each toggle joint is mounted over only one respective pivot point on the push pin,
where the pivot point of the one toggle joint lies on the push pin above the center axis of the push pin and the pivot point of the other toggle joint lies on the push pin below the center axis of the push pin,
and whereby the distal end of the push pin connected with the toggle joints is two-armed in configuration, where the pivot points of the toggle joints are arranged on the front ends of the arms and one arm is configured as jointed away from the center axis of the push pin upwards, and the other arm is configured as jointed away from the center axis (9) of the push pin downwards.
US10/659,955 2001-03-12 2003-09-11 Medical instrument Expired - Lifetime US7014649B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10111766A DE10111766B4 (en) 2001-03-12 2001-03-12 Medical instrument
DE10111766.3 2001-03-12
PCT/EP2002/002490 WO2002071956A1 (en) 2001-03-12 2002-03-07 Medical gripping instrument

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2002/002490 Continuation WO2002071956A1 (en) 2001-03-12 2002-03-07 Medical gripping instrument

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Publication Number Publication Date
US20040127890A1 US20040127890A1 (en) 2004-07-01
US7014649B2 true US7014649B2 (en) 2006-03-21

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EP (1) EP1367948B1 (en)
DE (2) DE10111766B4 (en)
WO (1) WO2002071956A1 (en)

Cited By (7)

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US20050222611A1 (en) * 2004-03-31 2005-10-06 Sutter Medizintechnik Gmbh Bipolar double-hinged instrument
US20060264860A1 (en) * 2005-05-18 2006-11-23 Theodora Beck Disposable absorbent article having layered containment pockets
US20060293638A1 (en) * 2005-06-23 2006-12-28 Lavon Gary D Disposable absorbent article having doubled side flaps and backsheet strips
US7737324B2 (en) 2005-11-23 2010-06-15 The Procter & Gamble Company Disposable absorbent article having deployable chassis ears
US7857801B2 (en) 2007-03-23 2010-12-28 The Procter & Gamble Company Diaper having deployable chassis ears and stretch waistband
US20120203063A1 (en) * 2010-05-31 2012-08-09 Olympus Medical Systems Corp. Treatment tool for endoscope
RU2494692C2 (en) * 2011-12-14 2013-10-10 Мкртич Семенович Мосоян Surgical instrument for cross-clamping patient's kidney in resection

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US8187239B2 (en) 2005-05-31 2012-05-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Side notched folded diaper
US7695463B2 (en) 2005-06-22 2010-04-13 The Procter & Gamble Company Disposable absorbent article having dual layer barrier cuff strips
DE102006031971A1 (en) 2006-07-11 2008-01-17 Karl Storz Gmbh & Co. Kg Medical instrument
DE102010010947A1 (en) * 2010-03-10 2011-09-15 Karl Storz Gmbh & Co. Kg Medical instrument
DE102011007122A1 (en) * 2011-04-11 2012-10-11 Karl Storz Gmbh & Co. Kg Tool for a micro-invasive-surgical instrument
CN108969026B (en) * 2018-05-25 2019-06-25 安瑞医疗器械(杭州)有限公司 A kind of medial forceps

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050222611A1 (en) * 2004-03-31 2005-10-06 Sutter Medizintechnik Gmbh Bipolar double-hinged instrument
US20060264860A1 (en) * 2005-05-18 2006-11-23 Theodora Beck Disposable absorbent article having layered containment pockets
US7763004B2 (en) 2005-05-18 2010-07-27 The Procter & Gamble Company Disposable absorbent article having layered containment pockets
US20060293638A1 (en) * 2005-06-23 2006-12-28 Lavon Gary D Disposable absorbent article having doubled side flaps and backsheet strips
US7737324B2 (en) 2005-11-23 2010-06-15 The Procter & Gamble Company Disposable absorbent article having deployable chassis ears
US7857801B2 (en) 2007-03-23 2010-12-28 The Procter & Gamble Company Diaper having deployable chassis ears and stretch waistband
US20120203063A1 (en) * 2010-05-31 2012-08-09 Olympus Medical Systems Corp. Treatment tool for endoscope
US9072538B2 (en) * 2010-05-31 2015-07-07 Olympus Medical Systems Corp. Treatment tool for endoscope
RU2494692C2 (en) * 2011-12-14 2013-10-10 Мкртич Семенович Мосоян Surgical instrument for cross-clamping patient's kidney in resection

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US20040127890A1 (en) 2004-07-01
DE50200930D1 (en) 2004-10-07
DE10111766B4 (en) 2007-11-22
EP1367948A1 (en) 2003-12-10
EP1367948B1 (en) 2004-09-01
WO2002071956A1 (en) 2002-09-19
DE10111766A1 (en) 2002-10-02

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