US7004451B2 - Ball cock - Google Patents

Ball cock Download PDF

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Publication number
US7004451B2
US7004451B2 US10/787,886 US78788604A US7004451B2 US 7004451 B2 US7004451 B2 US 7004451B2 US 78788604 A US78788604 A US 78788604A US 7004451 B2 US7004451 B2 US 7004451B2
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
seal
shut
switching
flow
ball cock
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime, expires
Application number
US10/787,886
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English (en)
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US20040178380A1 (en
Inventor
Dirk Malischewsky
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Flowserve Flow Control GmbH
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Flowserve Flow Control GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Assigned to FLOWSERVE FLOW CONTROL GMBH reassignment FLOWSERVE FLOW CONTROL GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MALISCHEWSKY, DIRK
Publication of US20040178380A1 publication Critical patent/US20040178380A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K5/00—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary
    • F16K5/06—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary with plugs having spherical surfaces; Packings therefor
    • F16K5/0663—Packings
    • F16K5/0673—Composite packings
    • F16K5/0678—Composite packings in which only one of the components of the composite packing is contacting the plug
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K5/00—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary
    • F16K5/08—Details
    • F16K5/14—Special arrangements for separating the sealing faces or for pressing them together
    • F16K5/20—Special arrangements for separating the sealing faces or for pressing them together for plugs with spherical surfaces
    • F16K5/205—Sealing effected by the flowing medium

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a ball cock for controlling the flow of media capable of flow.
  • the ball cock has a housing made up of at least two housing parts, each of them having a flow-through channel as a flow-through path, and has a ball-shaped shut-off organ or element having a passage bore as a flow path for optionally connecting the flow-through paths of the housing parts.
  • the shut-off element is accommodated within the housing between ring-shaped seals, and can be switched between an open position in which the flow path is released and a closed position that shuts off the flow path, by means of a switching shaft preferably relative to an axis that runs crosswise to the flow path.
  • At least one of the seals that accommodate the shut-off element between them is mounted in one of the housing parts, with limited axial mobility, and can be pressed against the shut-off element with a sealing surface.
  • Ball cocks are known, for example, from EP 0854308 A1 and EP 0889269 A1.
  • the seal between the shut-off element configured as a shut-off ball and the housing that accommodates the shut-off ball is provided by means of a ring seal that is fixed in place and a ring seal that can move radially.
  • These seals accommodate the shut-off ball between them and are arranged in ring chambers that are radially wider as compared with the flow-through path.
  • the axially movable ring seal is pressed against the shut-off ball by means of a cup spring or a cup spring assembly, which in turn is supported on a shoulder that axially delimits the ring chamber.
  • Ball cocks of this type have proven themselves for controlling the flow of both liquid or gaseous media, as well as solids that are capable of flow.
  • undesirable wear of the seal surfaces involved can occur.
  • the cup springs constantly press on one of the ring seals, in combination with the surface pressures that occur as a result., relatively great torques are required for switching, i.e. for turning the shut-off ball by means of the switching shaft. These torques require correspondingly strong switching drives, which require a comparatively great amount of space and are expensive.
  • the sealing effect that can be achieved using the cup springs or cup spring assemblies is limited.
  • a ball cock in which at least one seal of the seals that accommodate the shut-off element between them is coupled with a device by means of which the seal can be switched between an axial contact pressure position in which the sealing surface of the seal is pressed against the shut-off element, and a stress-relief position in which the sealing surface of the seal rests against the shut-off element at a reduced surface pressure as compared with the sealing contact, or in which the seal is lifted off the shut-off element.
  • the invention is concerned with optionally pressing at least one of the axially movable seals that accommodate the shut-off element between them against the shut-off element at an increased surface pressure when the ball cock is open or closed, i.e. not being activated, and relieving the stress on the seal during a switching process, i.e. pressing it against the shut-off element at a lower surface pressure, whereby the seal is preferably lifted off the shut-off element.
  • the sealing surface of the seal is pressed against the shut-off element in the contact pressure position and/or lifted off in the stress-relief position, without any effect of the spring forces that are applied to the seal, and/or if the seal can be switched between the contact pressure position and the stress-relief position without any effect of the spring forces that are applied to the seal.
  • Another improvement can be achieved if the sealing surface of the seal is pressed against the shut-off element in the contact pressure position and/or lifted off in the stress-relief position, without any effect of the mechanical forces that are applied to the seal, and/or if the seal can be switched between the contact pressure position and the stress-relief position without any effect of the mechanical forces that are applied to the seal.
  • the sealing surface of the seal may be pressed against the shut-off element in the contact pressure position and/or in the stress-relief position, exclusively under the effect of the hydraulic and/or pneumatic forces that are applied to the seal, and/or that the seal can be switched between the contact pressure position and the stress-relief position without any effect of the hydraulic and/or pneumatic forces that are applied to the seal.
  • At least one of the seals that accommodate the shut-off element between them may be connected with a switching channel that is arranged in sealed manner relative to the flow-through channel, to which pressure can optionally be applied, so that the seal can be switched, i.e. changed between the contact pressure position, in which its sealing surface is pressed against the shut-off element, and the stress-relief position, in which the sealing surface of the seal rests against the shut-off element at a reduced surface pressure, as compared with the sealing contact, or in which the seal is lifted off the shut-off element.
  • the seal can be switched even if a medium capable of flow is flowing through the flow-through channels as well as the passage bore of the shut-off element that connects them, under high and constant pressure, in the open position of the shut-off element.
  • the switching channel may have positive pressure applied to it by way of a fluid working medium.
  • the switching channel is arranged transverse to the flow-through path in the region of the seal. It is also advantageous if the switching channel opens up into a switching space that is delimited by wall parts of the seal that run crosswise to the flow-through path, on the one hand, and wall parts of the housing part that accommodates this seal, on the other hand. In this way, it is possible to achieve advantageous connection and force transfer conditions.
  • the switching space is delimited by seal ring faces of the seal that are preferably arranged parallel to one another, on the one hand, and of the housing part that accommodates this seal, on the other hand.
  • the seal has a step-shaped longitudinal cross-section at its outside circumference, which is delimited by support surfaces arranged on both sides of the switching space.
  • the seal can support itself on opposite bearing surfaces of the housing part that accommodates the seal.
  • This arrangement allows or imparts a limited axial movement to the seal.
  • the step-shaped longitudinal cross-section of the seal is further delimited by the wall part that runs transverse to the flow-through path and delimits the switching space.
  • the support surfaces are arranged parallel to one another, whereby advantageous axial displacement conditions and simple production possibilities can be achieved.
  • Particularly advantageous switching conditions at low leakage can be achieved if, proceeding from the open position or from the closed position, respectively, of the shut-off element, in which pressure is applied to the switching channel, so that the seal is pressed against the shut-off element with its sealing surface, pressure is relieved from the switching channel, for the purpose of switching the shut-off element by means of the switching shaft, so that the seal can assume its stress-relief position, whereby essentially at the same time, the shut-off element is switched to its closed position or its open position, respectively, by means of the switching shaft.
  • the seal has working surfaces that face in the direction of the shut-off element and contact surfaces that face away from it, to which the medium to be controlled in terms of flow is applied when the flow-through channel of the housing part that accommodates this seal is filled with the medium to be controlled in terms of flow, i.e. the medium flows through it.
  • a projection surface of the working surfaces projected in a projection plane that runs perpendicular to the axial displacement direction of the seal is as great as or greater than a projection surface of the contact surfaces projected in the same projection plane.
  • the seal does not continue to be pressed against the shut-off element at an elevated surface pressure because of the internal pressure of the medium to be controlled in terms of flow, but rather, on the contrary, a stress-relief position with surface pressures that are clearly lower, or have even been reduced to zero, can be achieved.
  • Zero surface pressures are possible in that the projected working surfaces are greater than the projected contact surfaces, so that in the case of a pressure relief of the switching channel, the seal is lifted off the shut-off element, because the seal is pressed in a direction that faces away from the shut-off element, within the scope of its axial mobility, by means of the internal pressure of the medium to be controlled in terms of flow.
  • At least one of the ring-shaped seals, in each instance, which are mounted on both housing parts with limited axial mobility and which accommodate the shut-off element between them, can be switched between an axial contact pressure position, in which the seals are pressed against the shut-off element with a sealing surface, and a stress-relief position, in which the sealing surfaces of the seals rest against the shut-off element at a reduced surface pressure, as compared with the sealing contact, or in which the seals are lifted off the shut-off element.
  • FIG. 1 is a lengthwise cross-section through a ball cock having two switchable seals according to the invention, between the housing and the shut-off element;
  • FIG. 3 is a partial section of the ball cock, on a much larger scale, in the region of one of the axially movable, switchable seals along a section line 2 — 2 in FIG. 1 , whereby the closure screw for optional closing of the switching channel was left out for reasons of the illustration, in order to illustrate an installation situation in which the ball cock can be switched, according to the invention;
  • Ball cock 20 possesses a housing 21 that has two housing parts 22 , 23 that supplement one another to form an approximately spherical shape.
  • the two housing parts 22 , 23 are connected with one another by means of screws 29 , in a manner the details of which are not of interest here.
  • Housing parts 22 , 23 have flow-through paths 26 , 27 that align with one another.
  • pipe segments 71 , 72 are welded onto housing parts 22 , 23 with connection flanges 73 , 74 , which mediate installation of ball cock 20 into a pipeline, not shown.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged partial cross-section, along section line 2 — 2 in FIG. 1 , of ball cock 20 , in the region of one of the axially movable, switchable seals showing shut-off ball 31 , switching space 48 , closure screw 49 , and seal ring 50 .
  • Shut-off ball 31 is mounted to rotate in bearing bushings 77 , 78 that are accommodated in housing 21 , on bearing journals 75 , 76 that are lathed into opposite sides.
  • Switching shaft 36 extends further through a housing top 79 and is mounted to rotate in housing top 79 , in known manner, as well as sealed relative to the housing interior that accommodates shut-off ball 31 , by means of a gland arrangement or switching shaft seal 39 .
  • Switching shaft 36 is also connected to rotate with shut-off ball 31 , in a manner the details of which are not of interest here.
  • Housing top 79 is provided with a connection plate 42 , on which a switching drive 85 can be mounted, which in turn can be connected to rotate with switching shaft 36 ( FIG. 4 ).
  • Seal 34 assigned to housing part 22 and seal 35 assigned to housing part 23 are, in each instance, accommodated in a ring chamber 98 and 99 , respectively, which is widened radially relative to flow-through paths 26 and 27 that extend through these housing parts 22 and 23 , and are mounted there, in each instance, with limited axial mobility.
  • Each seal 34 , 35 possesses, as FIGS. 2 and 3 show, a preferably metallic seal body having a sealing surface 43 that can be pressed against shut-off ball 31 , which is configured to be adapted to the spherical ball shape of shut-off ball 31 .
  • seals 34 and 35 are configured identically, and their seal relative to housing parts 22 and 23 is also identical, in each instance.
  • Seal 35 is configured as a closed ring and has cylindrical support surfaces 61 and 62 on its outside circumference, which are arranged parallel to one another.
  • Support surface 61 is offset radially towards the outside relative to support surface 62 , so that the outside circumference of the wall part of seal 35 that has support surface 61 is larger than the outside circumference of the wall part of seal 35 that has support surface 62 .
  • seal 35 has a step-shaped longitudinal cross-section on its outside circumference.
  • Seal 35 is mounted to be supported by way of support surfaces 61 and 62 , on opposite bearing surfaces 63 and 64 of ring chamber 99 , whereby cylindrical bearing surfaces 63 and 64 are also arranged parallel to one another.
  • a cylindrical switching channel 45 which is arranged perpendicular to flow-through path 26 here, i.e. perpendicular to the center longitudinal axis of housing part 23 , opens into switching space 48 , whereby in the longitudinal cross-section shown in FIG. 3 , the inside surfaces of switching channel 45 align with ring faces 53 and 54 , which axially delimit switching space 48 .
  • Switching space 48 can have pressure applied to it by way of switching channel 45 (arrow 46 ), in that preferably, a hydraulic working medium 47 introduced into switching channel 45 and switching space 48 has pressure applied to it (arrow 46 ).
  • switching channel 45 opens up into a connecting bore at its end facing away from seal 35 , which bore is provided with an inside thread here, for connecting a line 45 ( FIG. 4 ), which in turn can have pressure applied to it in switched manner.
  • Switching channel 45 and switching space 48 are sealed relative to flow-through channel 25 of housing part 23 by means of ring seals 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 that are configured as O-rings.
  • the two seals 55 and 56 are arranged between switching channel 45 and sealing surface 43 of seal 35 , to form a seal between support surface 63 and bearing surface 61
  • the two ring seals 57 and 58 are arranged between switching channel 45 and ring-shaped contact surface 67 of seal 35 that faces away from sealing surface 43 , to form a seal between support surface 62 and bearing surface 64 .
  • Ring seals 55 and 56 are accommodated in parallel ring grooves 44 of seal 35 that are axially spaced apart and have a trapezoid-shaped cross-section and are open to the outside. Ring seals 57 and 58 are also accommodated in parallel ring grooves 59 that are axially spaced apart and open towards the outside, but in contrast to ring grooves 44 , they rare arranged in the wall part of housing part 32 that lies opposite the wall part of seal 35 that has support surface 62 .
  • Ring seals 55 and 57 which are arranged immediately adjacent to switching channel 45 and switching space 48 , respectively, are made up of a material that is configured to be attuned with working medium 47 , while ring seals 56 and 58 are made up of a material that is configured to be attuned with medium 28 to be controlled in terms of flow.
  • Seal 35 has a working surface 66 that follows sealing surface 43 , which extends at a slant towards the inside, away from shut-off ball 31 and is slightly set back relative to sealing surface 43 and arranged at a flatter angle.
  • This working surface 66 is in direct contact with medium 28 to be controlled in terms of flow, when flow-through channel 25 is filled with medium, i.e. when medium flows through it.
  • FIG. 4 shows an advantageous exemplary embodiment of a switching arrangement of important components of the invention, using a wiring diagram.
  • 80 designates a compressed air connector for connecting a compressed air pump, not shown.
  • the compressed air generated by the pump can be passed through supply channel 87 by way of kick-back valve 81 .
  • This channel is divided into a working channel 88 as well as a working channel 93 .
  • the compressed air can be passed to a 3/2-way valve by way of a kick-back valve (not shown).
  • the compressed air is passed through this kick-back valve into working channel 89 , which in turn opens into a pressure amplifier 84 .
  • the pressure imparted by the compressed air is amplified in an outgoing hydraulic channel 90 , i.e. the pressure amplifier is supplied with compressed air on its input side, while on its output side, the pressure is transferred by way of a hydraulic medium.
  • Hydraulic channel 90 branches into two switching channels 45 and 91 .
  • Switching channel 45 opens into switching space 48 , which is assigned to seal 35
  • switching channel 91 opens into switching space 92 that is assigned to seal 34 .
  • These axially movable seals 34 and 35 can therefore have pressure applied to them jointly, by way of hydraulic channel 90 , in order to be able to be pressed against shut-off ball 31 with their sealing surfaces in this manner.
  • Shut-off ball 31 is connected to rotate with switching shaft 36 , which in turn is connected to rotate with a drive element of switching drive 85 , which can be used to rotate the shut-off ball by 90 degrees from the open position into the closed position, or vice versa, but also into any desired intermediate positions.
  • Switching drive 85 is pneumatically controlled. For this purpose, compressed air can be supplied by way of working channel 93 , whereby switching into the open position or the closed position, respectively, can be achieved using a 5/2-way valve 86 . In the switching position of 5/2-way valve 86 shown in FIG.
  • the compressed air can be passed, by way of channel 93 , into a channel 94 connected with the output of the valve, which divides up into channels 95 and 96 , which allow switching of switching drive 85 .
  • the compressed air is passed back to 5/2-way valve 86 by way of channel 97 , and can be vented there.
  • 3/2-way valve 83 In order to relieve the pressure on seals 34 and 35 , 3/2-way valve 83 is switched to its second position, with the consequence that the compressed air that is compressed in the compressed air chamber of pressure amplifier 84 as well as in working channel 89 can then be vented by way of 3/2-way valve 83 , so that hydraulic channel 90 is relieved of pressure.
  • 5/2-way valve 86 is switched into its second position, so that then the compressed air can get into channel 97 that previously served as a venting channel, by way of working channel 93 , in order to reach a rotating return of shut-off valve 31 by 90 degrees, using switching drive 85 , in this manner.
  • the out-flowing compressed air is passed into channel 94 by way of channels 95 and 96 , and can be vented there by way of 5/2-way valve 86 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Taps Or Cocks (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
  • Temperature-Responsive Valves (AREA)
  • Check Valves (AREA)
  • Pens And Brushes (AREA)
US10/787,886 2003-02-27 2004-02-26 Ball cock Expired - Lifetime US7004451B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10308793A DE10308793A1 (de) 2003-02-27 2003-02-27 Kugelhahn
DE10308793.1 2003-02-27

Publications (2)

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US20040178380A1 US20040178380A1 (en) 2004-09-16
US7004451B2 true US7004451B2 (en) 2006-02-28

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ID=32748120

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/787,886 Expired - Lifetime US7004451B2 (en) 2003-02-27 2004-02-26 Ball cock

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US7004451B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1452785B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE306034T1 (de)
DE (2) DE10308793A1 (de)
PL (1) PL206196B1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160186870A1 (en) * 2014-12-31 2016-06-30 Cameron International Corporation Double piston effect lip seal seating assemblies
US20180045323A1 (en) * 2016-08-09 2018-02-15 Cameron International Corporation Ball valve system and method

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CN102635703B (zh) * 2012-03-29 2013-09-25 超达阀门集团股份有限公司 带有碟形弹簧复合体的球阀阀座结构
ITMI20132031A1 (it) * 2013-12-05 2015-06-06 Ast Internat S R L Assieme valvola
JP6529069B2 (ja) * 2015-03-23 2019-06-12 株式会社Ｓｏｋｅｎ バルブ装置
CN106151659A (zh) * 2015-03-31 2016-11-23 肖栋 一种自驱控制的活塞式阀座自密封阀门
CN107949735B (zh) * 2016-02-18 2020-05-19 嘉士凯国际有限责任公司 用于球阀的密封组件和包括该密封组件的球阀
CN106949259A (zh) * 2017-05-18 2017-07-14 哈尔滨电机厂有限责任公司 水轮机进水球阀油压投入自退出l型金属密封
CN113503375B (zh) * 2021-07-30 2022-10-14 清华大学 一种压力自平衡双向密封阀座结构

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3617025A (en) 1970-07-06 1971-11-02 Grove Valve & Regulator Co Ball valve with retractable seat rings
GB2213564A (en) 1988-01-08 1989-08-16 Flexitallic International Valv Ball valve
DE4414243A1 (de) 1994-04-23 1995-10-26 Rolf Dipl Ing Schmitz Kugelhahn
DE19510709A1 (de) 1995-03-15 1996-09-26 Rautenkranz Int Hermann Absperrarmatur für Rohrleitungen mit zum Schalten druckentlastbaren Sitzringen
EP0854308A1 (de) 1997-01-18 1998-07-22 Argus Gesellschaft mbH Kugelhahn
EP0889269A1 (de) 1997-07-04 1999-01-07 Argus Gesellschaft mbH Regelbarer Kugelhahn
US6340029B1 (en) 1999-01-26 2002-01-22 Duk-Jo Jun Apparatus for opening/closing a valve and method thereof

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3617025A (en) 1970-07-06 1971-11-02 Grove Valve & Regulator Co Ball valve with retractable seat rings
GB2213564A (en) 1988-01-08 1989-08-16 Flexitallic International Valv Ball valve
DE4414243A1 (de) 1994-04-23 1995-10-26 Rolf Dipl Ing Schmitz Kugelhahn
DE19510709A1 (de) 1995-03-15 1996-09-26 Rautenkranz Int Hermann Absperrarmatur für Rohrleitungen mit zum Schalten druckentlastbaren Sitzringen
EP0854308A1 (de) 1997-01-18 1998-07-22 Argus Gesellschaft mbH Kugelhahn
EP0889269A1 (de) 1997-07-04 1999-01-07 Argus Gesellschaft mbH Regelbarer Kugelhahn
US6340029B1 (en) 1999-01-26 2002-01-22 Duk-Jo Jun Apparatus for opening/closing a valve and method thereof

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160186870A1 (en) * 2014-12-31 2016-06-30 Cameron International Corporation Double piston effect lip seal seating assemblies
US9915359B2 (en) * 2014-12-31 2018-03-13 Cameron International Corporation Double piston effect lip seal seating assemblies
US20180045323A1 (en) * 2016-08-09 2018-02-15 Cameron International Corporation Ball valve system and method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE306034T1 (de) 2005-10-15
EP1452785A1 (de) 2004-09-01
DE10308793A1 (de) 2004-09-16
PL206196B1 (pl) 2010-07-30
EP1452785B1 (de) 2005-10-05
PL365306A1 (en) 2004-09-06
DE502004000078D1 (de) 2006-02-16
US20040178380A1 (en) 2004-09-16

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