US691667A - Synchronous telegraph system. - Google Patents

Description

no. s9|,'6e7. I Patented Ian 2:, 1902-.

' A BUWLAND.

svncunouous TELEGRAPH svsmu' (Application filed rm 24, 1899.)

(No Model.) zShaeta-Shut I.

wwwoow No. 691,667. Patented Ian. 2|, I902. H. A. ROWLAND.

SYNGHRDNOUS TELEGRAPH SYSTEM.

(Applieationmed Feb. 94, 1899.) (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

muluuumlmw- 1 'rns ATENT HENRY A.- ROWLAND, OF Barman RE, MARYLAND, ASSIGNOR TO THE CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

SYNCHRONOUS TELEGRAPH SYSTEM.

SPECIFICATION forming. part of Letters Patent No. 691,667, dated January 21, 1902.

I Application filed February 24, 1899. Serial No. 706,729. (No model.)

T at whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HENRY A. ROWLAND, a citizen of the United States, residing at Baltimore city, in the State of Maryland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Synchronous Telegraph Systems, (Case D and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the in vention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to'which it appcrtains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to improvements in synchronous telegraphy, and more especially to improvements in or relating to means for obtaining synchronous or steady motion and operating local telegraphic apparatus.

According to the system of telegraph y shown and described in my patent applications, Serial No. 589,352, filed April 27, 1896, and'issued as Patent No. 622,636, dated April 4, 1899, and Serial No. 646,017, filed July 26, 1897, the current-distributing apparatus, such as local sunflower devices, as well as other apparatus adapted to rotate in synchronism,

are regulated by electrically-controlled synchronizing devices, and these synchronizing devices are regulated either by passing the line signaling-current directly through them or by operating them upon a local low-potential circuitrelayed from the main-line current-as, for example, a battery-current havingits polarity changed by a main-line relay.

It has hitherto also been my practice, according to the applications above referred to, to operate the local selecting-relays either upon a local battery-circuit separate from the synchronizing-circuit in the main line with the synchronizer (a method shown in the PatentNo. 622,636) or upon a local relayed battery-circuit.

The present invention, however, does not contemplate the employment entirely of any of the foregoing methods, but is designed rather as an improvement thereon, whereby I am enabled bythe use of condensers or resistances, or both, and the proper arrangement of the local circuits to employ a local dynamo-current of one hundred volts, for example, and use this current for both synchronizing devices and local selecting-relays.

By the invention herein described I can readily use the Edison one-hundred-and-tenvolt circuit where such an arrangement as the connections for changing the polarity of a battery-circuitcould not be employed. On av threewire system, however, the latter method may be used.

This invention comprises also a damper for damping the oscillatory variations from a steady motion, herein shown as operating in conjunction with the synchronizing device and rendering possible. a more perfect synchronism. This damper, however, is by no means limited to such specific use, as it may be used in conjunction with almost any piece of rotating mechanism for the purpose' of steadying its motion.

This invention, moreover, comprises means for producing synchronous motion by the use of one or more condensers or their equivalents for any purpose for which the said synchronous motion may be used.

My said invention also embodies a special form of line polarized relay, a special arrangement of the synchronizing device proper differing somewhat from that shown in my prior applications, and other improvements hereinafter more particularly described and claimed.

In order tomore fully describe my present invention, reference will be had to the ac companying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a diagram indicating the arrangement of the circuits and 'a part of the apparatus embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic perspective view of my improved line polarized relay. Fig. 3 is a diagram showing one method of connecting the coils of the said relay. Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic perspective view showing the arrangement of the synchronizing device, driving-motor,dam per,and selecting-commutator or sunflower device. Fig. 5 represents a central vertical sectional view of one form of the viscous damper. Fig. 6 is a diagram showinga method of operating the synchronizing device dilfering from that shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 7 is a diagram showing the connections for substituting resistances for the condensers shown in Fig. 1, and Fig. Sis a diagram showing a method of producing the local synchronizing-current by replacing the line polarized relay by a neutral relay andemploying only one condenser.

Referring first to Fig. l, which represents the connections and apparatus at one station or as much thereof as relates directly to the present invention, L represents a main-line conductor upon which is impressed an alternating or other periodically-varying electromotive force; A, a main local circuit upon which a continuous direct electromotive'force is impressed of, for example, one hundred volts, and B and C shunts connected across the said main local circuit. The shuntB includes resistances b b and b b of, for example, one hundred and two hundred ohms, respectively,while in the sh untO are connected in series the condensers M and-M.

E represents the conventional sunflower of synchronous telegraphs, used with the inventions described in the aforementioned applications, and H represents selecting-relays connected in the segment-circuits of said sunflower. The trailer F of this sunflower is electrically connected to the shunt-circuit B at some point between the resistances (9 19 as at while the segment-circuits unite and are connected to the tongue 70 of a relay K. The coils of this relay K are traversed by the main-line current and its contacts is and k connected to points in the shunt B between the resistances b and h, as at b and b. The tongue 7c of the relay K is vibrated by the line-current in unison with the periodic variation thereof, and the trailer F passes over one of the segments of the sunflower for each of said variations or alternations or for one or more of said alternations, the said trailer moving in synchrothe center nism with the vibrations of said relayand with the line-current. As the trailer F moves from of one conducting-segment to the center of the next the relay-tongue 7t vibrates from contact is to thus causing a current in one direction to traverse the segmentcircuit 6 and the selecting-relay H connected therein and a current in an opposite direction to traverse the segment-circuit e, and so on through the series. In this way by the proper adjustment of the resistances in the circuit B enough current from the circuit A will leak. or flow through the circuit B to operate the selecting-relays. The object in causing the said selecting-relays to be traversed each normally bycurrents of the same polarity, but adjacent relays by currents of opposite polarity, is to operate local printing apparatus, which, forming no part of the present invention,need not be here described.

The present invention so far as its relation to the relay-circuits is concerned consists in the novel arrangement lays may be operated upon a comparatively high potential direct-current circuit.

At some point in the circuit 0 between the condensers M and M, I connect a conductor N and connect in series with this conductor especially such .as

motion is not confined to whereby the said rev ployed in its broadest sense.

the regulating-coils P. of a synchronizer or synchronizingdevice P. Thecircuitthrough these coils then passes to the tongue k of the main-line relay, which tongue is vibrated in unison with the line-current, as described relative to the relay-tongue k. The tongues k and k are in practice parts of the same relay, as will be hereinafter shown, but may ob-v viously be upon separate relays, as represen ted. The tongue k vibrates between contacts 7: and 70 connected in the main local circuit, the latter being provided with resistances A and A to prevent sparking at said contacts.

By the alternate charging and discharging of the condensers M and M as the relaytongue 70 vibrates between its contacts an alternating current in approximate phase with the main-line current or of any phase hearing a fixed relation to the line-currentis sent through the regulating-coils P of the synchronizing device. The principle of this synchronizing device is substantially the same as the synchronizer shown and described in the Patent No. 622,636, hereinbefore referred to. In each case the device consists, broadly, of a set of coils traversed by a regulating-current of a periodically-varying character rotating in a magnetic field and driven by an independent source of power. The regulating action depends upon the phase relation between the current generated by the regulating-coils of the synchronizing device.and the alternating current sent through them from some outside source, as from the condensers, by the vibration of the relay-tongue or its equivalent. If the two currents differ one hundred and eighty degrees in phase and are of the same strength, no current will flow in the regulatingcoils of the synchronizer, and hence they will do no work; but when the two currents are in phase the said coils will carry a maximum load. Between these two extremes there are an infinite number of degrees of load which the coils of the synchronizing device will carry and a corresponding number of speeds, the speed varying as the load varies and the load varying as the phase relation between the above-mentioned currents varies, thus maintaining synchronism. This synchronism may be considered as being maintained with relation either with the vibrat ing tongue of the relay or its equivalent or with regard to the device which generates the current in the circuit which operates the relay. The specific use of this synchronizing device in telegraphy is to drive the sunflowertrailer F, for example, in synchronisin with some other trailer; but it must be understood that this means for producing synchronous such specific uses. Theterin synchronizing device is em- In other words, the term synchronizing device, herein employed designates either the specific device shown or any equivalent thereof, whether of the same size or larger or smaller.

The same result may be accomplished by substituting the'resistance T T, as shown in Fig. 7, for the condensers. Otherwise the connections are the same; but it will be noted that I do not confine myself to the use of a polar'line-relay alone, for it will be seen that the desired result may be accomplished with "tacts k and 70 'and when it makes contact at k the condenser M will charge and a current pass through the synchronizing device P in the direction of the lower arrow. Whenv the tongue returns to the contact the-condenser will discharge aud the current will pass through the synchronizing device in the direction of the upper arrow or in an opposite direction, thus producing the same effect as described in connection with Fig. 1, ex-

cept that the period of vibration of the tongue k will be twice as great as that of the tongue,

70 in Fig. 1.

3S motor Q, though they are both mounted on In my prior applications I show the rotatable coils of the synchronizing device mounted on the armature of the driving-motor; but

for many reasons the arrangement shown in Fig. 4 is preferable. There the coils P of the synchronizing device P are separated from the armature Q of the continuous-current the same shaft or connected shafts.

The synchronizing device P in this case consists, among other parts, of a plurality of coils P, the number depending upon the speed required, mounted fast on a rotatable shaft R and supplied with current at the collectorrings 19 p. These'coils P revolve in front of the stationary electromagnets Piwhichare in this case excited by a continuous current, though it will be hereinafter shown that oh viously this arrangement may be changed. The direct-current motor Q drives the shaft R, which is gearedor otherwise connected so as to drive the brush F. In this case it is shown geared'by a small pinion 'r to a toothed disk 1', to which is secured the brush-holder f. It maybe stated that other motive power than adirect-current motor could be used,"if desired.

It will be obvious to any one skilled in the through both coils and magnets, and it is likewise obvious that either magnets or coils may be made to rotate without affecting the principle of the device. It will furthermore be through the aperture 5 noted that I may substitute for the moving coils P the permanent magnets P of Fig.6 and the same result will be accomplished, in which case the magnets P would be excited by an alternating current; nor would the efiect vary were the magnets P soft iron instead of permanent magnets, although in the latter case the speed may be half or made greater inv the proportion two, three, four, 850. This arrangementwillwithin reasonablelimits cause the shaft R to rotate in synchronism with the line-current; but Iinsure amore perfect synchronism by employing the damper S in conjunction with the synchronizing device P.

In Fig. 4 the damper shown is an oil-damper and partly mounted on the same shaft R with the synchronizing device and consists of a flattened cup or oil-receptacle S, closed back and front and mounted fast upon the shaft R; Within the cup is mounted a flanged disk S upon a sleeve 8, which is secured fast to the shaft R and-extends through one face of the cup S.

S represents the oil or other suitable liquid surrounding the disk and which may. be poured into the receptacle through a plugopening or in any other suitable way. The cup-shaped portion 8 of the receptacle catches the oil which tends to escape along the collar and allows it to flow back into the receptacle The action of the damper is as follows: As the shaft R rotates the disk S will rotate with it and, acting through the oil, will drag the receptacle S along with it' until the said receptacle attains a speed equal to that of the disk. Then should the diskteud to dimin= ish its speed the receptacle, by virtue of its inertia and being mounted loosely with respect to the shaft R, will drag the disk along and cause it to catch up. On the oth'erhand, when the disk S exceeds its normal speedthe oil-receptacle, acting through the oil, will drag it back to normal speed. It must be understood, however, that the action of the damper is to prevent such oscillations as above referred to by deadening the variations from it, as shown, and the cup S loosely mounted thereon; but this oil-damper is only one form of damper embodying my general principleviz., producing a damping eifect between two revolving parts through a viscous medium.

This viscous damping effect may be produced by a magnetic field and many other ways, and I use the word viscous in its broad orgeneric sense.

'In Fig; 2 are shown the essential parts of my improved form of polarized relay. This relay K is provided with two tongues k and it the tongue It being mounted on a hollow sleeve 7c and the tongue upon the spindle or rod k which is inclosed by the sleevek. These supports of the relay-tongues are pivoted in any convenient manner, so as to be revoluble to a limited extent around their longitudinal axes. The tonguesjc and k are provided with metallic contact-strips k and k respectively, which vibrate between the contacts k k and k 70 respectively. These metallic strips k and 70 are insulated from the tongues, as at k". The same relay-coil K surrounds or operates both tongues and may be wound in the ordinary way, as shown in Fig. 2, or it may be wound in sections, as shown in Fig. 3. In the latter case the coil is made up of, for example, five sections 10 It, It, 7e and 10 These sections are so wound that the three central sections contain the same number of turns, while the end sections contain the same number otturns as each other, but only halfas many as the central sections, and the two end sections 10 1614 and central section k are connected together, while the two intermediate sections 10 and k are connected together. By this means a more complete balance is obtained than could otherwise be done in case aduplex arrangement is-needed.

The line-current traversing the coils of the relay K will cause both tonguesk and k to vibrate between their stops, and while in their action they are independent of one another they are both actuated by the same cause. In saying that these relay-tongues are independent it is to be understood that they are independent to this extent: that if one is held stationary the others may con- .tinue to vibrate; but in practice it is preferable to have just enough friction between the spindle k and sleeve 70 to cause one tongue to drag the other if neither is held stationary and the operating force is applied to one only.

The relays K can be both polar relays or neutral ones, or one may be a polar relay and the other a neutral relay. They may be separated or combined.

Having thus fully described my present invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. The combination with a synchronizing device, of a plurality of condensers, said condensers being connected in circuit with said synchronizing device, and means for causing said condensers to alternately discharge through said synchronizing device for regulating the motion of the same, substantially as described.

2. The combination with a synchronizing device, of a condenser, said condenser being connected in circuit with said synchronizing device, and means for causing said condenser to alternately charge and discharge through said synchronizing device for regulating the motion of the same,su.bstantially as described.

3. The combination with a synchronizing device, of a plurality of condensers, said condensers being connected in circuit with said synchronizing device, proper resistances in -as described.

4. The combination with a synchronizing device, of two condensers, said condensers being connected in circuit with said synchronizing device and means for causing one of said condensers to discharge through said synchronizing device while the other of said condensers is charging and vice versa whereby said synchronizing device is regulated, substantially as described.

5. The combination with a synchronizing device, of two condensers,-said condensers being connected in circuit with said synchronizing device, proper resistances in each of the condenser-circuits and means for causing one of said condensers to discharge through said synchronizing device while the other of said condensers is charging and vice versa whereby said synchronizing device is regulated, substantially as described.

6. The combination with a synchronizing device, of a condenser connected in circuit with said synchronizing device, a relay, a conductor carrying an alternating current and traversing said railway whereby the said condenser is caused to discharge through said synchronizing device, substantially as described.

7. The combination with a synchronizing device, of a plurality of condensers connected in circuit with said synchronizing device, a relay, a conductor carrying an alternating current and traversing said relay whereby the said condensers are caused to alternately discharge through said synchronizing device, substantially as described.

8. Thecombinationwithamain-linecircuit carrying an alternating electric current, of a main local circuit having a direct electromotive force impressed upon it,a relay having its contacts connected in said main local circuit, condensers in a shunt-circuit, a circuit passing from said shunt-circuit at a point intermediate between said condensers to said relay-tongue and a synchronizing device traversed by the current of the last-named circuit,

substantially as described.

9. The combination with a main-line wire carrying an alternating electric current, a relay operated by said current, a local circuit carrying-a direct current and connected to each of the contacts of said relay, a shuntcircuit connected across said local circuit, condensers connected in said shunt-circuit and a circuit extending from said shunt-circuit at a point intermediate between said condensers to said relay-tongue, substantially as described.

10. The combination with a main-line wire carrying an alternating electric current, a relay operated by said current, a local circuit carrying a direct current and connected to each of the contacts of said relay, a consaid main local-circuit, condensers in saiddenser connected to one side of said local circuit-and t the tongue of said relay, substan .tially as described.

11. The combination with a conductor car-q rying an alternating electric current, a relay operated by said alternating current, a local circuit supplied with a direct current, and connected to the contacts of said relay by a proper resistance, condensers connected in shunt with said main localcircuina cond nctor connected to the condenser-circuit intermediate between said condensers and-connected r5. p of'a relay having one 0f its contacts in each to said relay-tongue, scribed.

12. The combination with two condensers,

' condenser circ'uit, a conductor connected I to the tongue of-said relay and to'the coudenser-circuit intermediate between said con-- densers', a conductor carryingan alternatingv current and traversing said relay whereby the said condensers arecaused to alternately discharge through the conductor connected to said relay-tongue, substantially as described.

13.- The combination witha main'eline circuit carrying an alternating electric current, of a main local circuit carrying a direct-current, a relay having its contactsconnected in said main local circuit, each through a proper resistance, a shunt-circuit connected across shunt-circuit, a circuitpassing from said shunt-circuit ata' point intermediate between said condensers" to said relay-tongue and a synchronizing device traversed by the cur rent of the last-named circuit, substantially as described.

14. In a system of synchronous telegraphy the combination with a main-line circuit carrying an alternating electric current, of' a main local circuit carrying a direct current, a relay having its contacts connected in'said main local circuit, a shunt-circuit connectedv across said main local circuit, properly-adjusted resistances in said shunt-circuit, a circuit passing from said shunt-circuit at a point intermediate between said resistances to said relay-tongue and a sunflower and trailer device with its segment-circuits traversed by the current in the last-named circuit, substantially as described. 1

15. The combination with a conductor carrying an alternating electric current, a relay operated by said alternating current, a local circuit supplied with a direct current and connected to the contacts of said relay by'a proper resistance, properly-adjusted resistances connected across said main local circuit, a conductor connected between said resistances and connected to said relay-tongue, substantially as described.

16. Ina system of telegraphy, the combination with a conductor carrying an alternating electric current, of a relay operated by said alternating current, a main local circuit carrying a direct current, a shunt-circuit consubstantially as de-' 'nected across said main local circuit, a branch circuit connected to said shunt-circuit and passing through the contacts of said relay, a

sunflower and trailer device having itsscg ment-circnits connected to the tongue of said relay and its trailer connected to said shuntcircuit, substantially as described.

17. In a system of telegraph y, the combination with a conductor carrying an alternating electric current, of arelay operated by said alternating current, a main local circuit carrying a direct current, a shu'utcircuit connectedthrough proper resistances across said main local circuit, a branch circuit connected to said shunt-circuit and passing through the contacts of said relay, a sunflower and trailer device having its segment-circuits connected to the tongue of said relay and its trailer connected-to'said shunt-circuit, substantially as described.

18. In asystem tion with a conductor carrying an alternating electric current, of a relay operated by said alternating current, a main local circuitcarryiug a" direct current, a shunt circuit con nected through proper resistances across said .tnain local circuit, a branch circuit-connected to said shunt-circuit and passing through the contacts of said relay, a sun flower and trailer device having its segment-circuits connected to the tongue ofsaid relay and its trailer connected. .to-said sh'unt circuit and a plurality of selecting-relays connected in said segmerit-circuit, substantially as described.

19. A damper consisting of two revolving parts one of which is freely moving and connectecljtothe other by viscous damping, substantially as described.

20. The combination with ashaft, thespeed of which is to be maintainedapproximately unifdrm, of a device for damping the oscillatory vibrations in the motion of said shaft,

of tolegraph y the combinarco said device comprising a member mounted to rotate with said shaft, and a second member having inertia and capable of movement relative to said shaft, anddamping means connecting the said members.

21. The combination with a source of power,

of a synchronizing device driven thereby, a-

revolving body connected to said synchroniz-' 'ing device and a second revolving body freely moving and connected to-the first by means of viscous damping, substantially as described.

22. The combination with asonrce of power, of a synchronizing device driven thereby, and regulated by an alternating electric current, a revolving body connected to said synchronizing device and a second revolving body freely moving and connected to the first by means of viscous damping, substantially as described.

.33. The combination with a synchronous, motor, of means for damping oscillatory va-- riations in the speed of the motor-shaft, said means comprising a body mounted to rotate with said shaft and a second body having inertia and capable of movement relative to the first body, and damping means connecting the two bodies.

2-1:. The combination with asourceofpower, of a synchronizing device driven therebyand regulated by an alternating electric current, a revolving body connected to said synchronizing device and a. second revolving body connected to the first by means of viscous damping, substantially as described.

25. The combination with a sunflowerand trailer device of a motor operating said device, a synchronizing device driven by said motor and regulated by an alternating electric current, a revolving body connected to said synchronizing device and a second revolving body connected to the first through viscous damping, substantially as described.

2o. A damper having a driven revolving body, a freely-moving revoluble receptacle inclosing saidrevolving body, and a liquid inclosed in said receptacle and surrounding the first revolving body whereby motion is transmitted to the receptacle and the vibration of both the revolving body and recepta- 010 are damped, substantially as described.

27. In a damper the combination with a driven disk, of a freely-moving revoluble receptacle iuclosing said disk, a viscous damping fluid carried by said receptacle and in closing said disk whereby motion is transmitted to said receptacle from said disk and the vibration of both is damped, substantially as described. I I

28. In a polarized relay the combination with two relay-tongues mounted upon independent oscillating supports, an exciting-coil surrounding said supports which form the core thereof and independent contacts for each tongue, substantially as described.

29. In a polarized relay the combination with an eXciting-coil,0fa hollow iron core pass ing through said coil, a second core passing longitudinally through said hollow core, said cores being revoluble about their longitudinal axes independent of each other, a tongue mounted on the hollow core and a tongue mounted on the second core, independent contacts for each of said tongues, substantially as described.

30. The combination with a synchronizing device, of a condenser connected in circuit with said synchronizing device, a relay, a condnctor carrying a periodically-varying electric current and traversing said relay whereby the said condenser is caused to discharge through said synchronizing device, substantially as described.

31. The combination with a synchronizing device, of a plurality of condensers connected in circuit with said synchronizing device, a relay, a conductor carrying a periodically-varying electric current and traversing said relay whereby the said condensers are caused to alternately discharge through said synchronb ng device, substantially as described.

"l he combination with. a main-line circult carrying an electric current which periodically varies in intensity, of a main local circuit having a direct electromotive force impressed upon it, a relay having its contacts connected in said main local circuit, a shuntcircuit connected across said main local circuit, condensers in said shunt-circuit, a circuit passing from said shuntcircuit at a point intermediate between said condensers to said relay-tongue and a synchronizing de vice traversed by the current of the lastnamed circuit, substantially as described.

The combination with a main-line wire carrying a periodically-varying electric current, a relay operated by said current, a local circuit carrying a direct current and connected to each of the contacts of said relay, ash lint-circuit connected across said local cir- .cnit,'condensers connected in said shunt-circuit and a circuit extending from said shuntcircuit at a point intermediate between said condensers to said relay tongue, substantially as described.

34. The combination with a main-line wire carrying a periodically varying electric current, a relay operated by said current, a local circuit carrying a direct current and connected to each of the contacts of said relay, a condenser connected to one side of said local circuit and to the tongue of said relay, substantially as described.

'35. The combination with a conductor carrying a periodically-varying electric current, a relay operated by said current, alocal circuit supplied with a direct current, and connected to the contacts of said relay by a proper resistance, condensers connected in shunt with said main local circuit, a conductor connected to the condenser-circuit intermediate between said condensers and connected to saidrelay-tongue, substantially as described.

30. The combination with two condensers, of a relay having one of its contacts in each condenser-circuit, a conductor connected to the tongue of said relay and to the condensercircuitintermediate between said condensers, a conductor carrying a periodically-varying electric current and traversing said relay whereby the said condensers are caused to alternately discharge through the conductor connected to said relay-tongue, substantially as described.

37. The combination with a main-line circuit carrying a periodically-varying electric current, of a main local circuit carrying a direct current, a relay having its contacts connected in said main local circuit, each through a proper resistance, a shunt-circuit connected across said main local circuit, condensers in said shunt-circuit, a circuit passing from said shunt-circuit at a point intermediate between said condensers to said rclay-tongue and a synchronizingdevice traversed by the current of the la st-named circuit, substantially as described.

38. In. a system of synchronous telography,

IIC

the combination with a main-line circuit carrying a periodically-varying electric'current, of a main local circuit carrying a direct current, a relay having its contacts connected in said main local circuit, ashunt-circuit con'- nected across said main local circuit, properlyadjusted resistances in said shunt-circuit, a circuit passing from said shunt-circuit at a point intermediate between said resistances to said relay-tongue and a sunflower and trailer device with its segment-circuits traversed by the current in the last-named circuit, substantially as described.

39. The combination with a conductor carrying a periodically-varying electric current, of a local circuit connected to a soiirce of direct current, properly-adjusted resistances counectedacross the local circuit, contacts located in said local circuit, a conductor connected to a point between said resistances, and means operated by the periodically-varying current for. completing the circuit from said conductor to first one and then the other of said contacts.

40. In a system of telegraphy, the combination with a conductor carrying a periodically-varying electric current, of a relay operated by said current,a main local circuit carrying a direct current, ashunt-circuit connected across said main local circuit, a branch circuit connected to saidshnnt-circuit and passing through the contacts of said relay, a sunflower and trailer device having its segment-circuits connected to the tongue of said relay and its trailer connected to said shuntcircuit, substantially as described.

41. In a system of telegraphy, the combination with a conductor carrying a periodicallyvarying electric current, of a relay operated by said current, a main local circuit carrying a direct current, a shunt-circuit connected through proper resistances acrosssaid main local circuit, a branchcircuit connected to said shunt-circuit and passing through the contacts of said relay, a sunflower and trailer device having its segment-circuits connected to the tongue ofsaid relay and its trailer connected to said shunt-circuit, substantially as described.

42. Ina system of telegraphy, the combination with a conductor carrying a periodicallyvarying electric current, of a relay operated by said current, a main local circuit carrying adirectcurrent, a sh nut-circuit connected through proper resistances across said main local circuit, a branch circuit connected to said shunt-circuit and passing through the contacts of said relay, a sunflower and trailer device having its segment-circuits connected to the tongue of said relay and its trailer connected to said shunt-circuit and a plurality of selecting relays connected in said segmentcircuit, substantially as described.

43. The combination with a synchronizing device of adamping device acting to damp the oscillatory variations thereof from a'steady motion, substantially as described.

44. The combination with a continuouslymoving synchronizing device, of a damping device acting to damp the oscillatory variations thereof from a steadymotion, substanuniform, of a damper acting to damp any oscillatoryvariations from the uniform motion and comprising a plurality of revolving parts, some of said parts being tightly secured to their support and the others loosely fitted thereon, the said tightly and loosely fitted parts being connected through the medium of viscous damping, substantially as described.

47. The combination with an electric motor and a synchronizing device, having a steady motion, of a damping device acting to damp the oscillatory variations from said steady motion, substantially as described.

48. The combination with a synchronizing device, of adirect-current electric motor driving said synchronizing device and having a steady motion, and a damper acting to damp the oscillatory variations from said steady motion, substantially as described.

49. The combination with a synchronizing device having a steady motion and whose speed is regulated by a periodically-varying electric current, of a damper acting to damp the oscillatory variations from said. steady motion, substantially as described.

50. The combination of adamper, substantially as described, with an electrically-regulated direct-current motor and an alternating-current dynamo acting to synchronize said motor, substantially as described.

51. A telegraph-line, in combination with a. local circuit and a source of direct current connected thereto, of means for varying the 1 a local circuit and a source of direct current connected thereto, of means for varying the current periodically in apart of the local circuit, said means comprising condensers and rent periodically in a part of the local circuit,

said means comprising a condenser and relay, substantially as described.

5 varying'electric current, a local circuithaving contacts located therein, a conductor vibratd between said contacts, condensers con- 5%; A telegraph-line carrying an alternating electric current, in combination with a local circuit and a source of direct current connected thereto, of means for'varying-the current periodically in a part of the local circuit,

said mean'scomprising condensers and a re; lay, substantially as described.

-55, A telegraph-line carrying a period wally-- varying electric current, afvibrating contactmaker operated by the saidcurrent, a local circuit connected to'the contacts of said contact-maker, and a condenser connected to one side of said local circuit and to said contact maker, substantially as described. x 56. 'Atjelegraph-line carrying a periodical lynected across the local circuit, and the vibrating conductor connected between the condensers whereby electricity from the condensers only may traverse said conductor, substantially as described.

57. Atelegraph-linecarrying'a periodicallyvaryiug electric current, a local circuit having contacts located therein, an electric conductor vibrated between said. contacts, condensers connected across the said local circuit, and the vibrating conductorconnected between the condensers whereby electricity from the, condensers only may traverse the said conductor and a synchronizing device regulated by the charging ariddischarging of-- said condensers, substantially as described.

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