US688015A - Type-writing machine. - Google Patents

Description

N0. 688,0l5. Patented D80. 3, |90l.

' E. B. CRAM.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

(pplicatioxs. led `June 1, 1901.)

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M/LTNESEEE HIS ATTUHNEY Patented Dec. 3, I90I.

E. B. CRAM.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

(Application led June l, 1901.) (No M'odel.)

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No. 688,0!5. Patented Dec. 3, |90I. E. B. CRAM.

TYPE'WRITING'IIAGHINE.

' (Application led June 1, 1901.) (Nn Modal.)

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Patented Dec. 3, |9l.

E. B. CRAM.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

(Application led June 1, 1901.\

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 4.

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Patented Dec. 3, I90I.

E. B. (SRAM.4 TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

(A'pplication led June 1, 1901.)

5 Sheeis-Sheet 5.

(No Model.)

INVE NTnH H15 TTURNEY UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDWIN B. CRAM, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO VYCKOFF, `SEAMANS & BENEDICT, OF ILION, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEWY YORK.

TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 688,015, dated December 3, 1901.

Application filed June 1,1901. Serial No. 62,683. (No model.)

To all whom t Wwty concern.-

Bo it known that I, EDWIN B. CRAM, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the borough of Brooklyn, city of New York, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Type-Writing Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the carriage mechanism of type-writing machines; and its objects are to improve the construction and mounting of the paper-carriage, to provide an efcient carriage escapement mechanism, to provide means for locking the keys, so as to prevent type impressions from being made one upon another when a line is completed, to provide means for releasing the keys at will from the control of said locking mechanism, to improve the margin-gage and bell-striking mechanism, to provide novel means'operated by the line-space lever for disconnecting the carriage from its escapement mechanism during the retraction of the carriage to begin a new line, to improve the devices for feeding the-paper around the platen, to provide for releasing the paper from the control of the pressure-rollers, to provide novel adjustable front guides for the paper, and to provide a centrally-arranged front paper-guide which may be thrown into use or out of use, as desired.

My invention consists in certain combinations of devices, features of construction, and arrangements of parts, all as will he hereinafter fully set forth, and particularly pointed out in the concluding claims.

lu the accompanyingdrawings, Figure 1 is a vertical central section taken longitudinally of a front-strike writing-machine embodying my improvements. Fig. 2 is a plan, and Fig. 3 a rear elevation, of the machine. Fig. 4 is a side elevation of a fragment of the carriage, including means for automatically releasing the carriage from the control of its escapement mechanism at the operation of the linespace lever. Fig. 5 is a plan showing certain details of said carriage-.releasin g means. Fig. 6 is a side elevation of the platen, a pressureroller frame, and a release-lever for the latter. Fig. 7 is a rear elevation of the carriage escapement mechanism ,the parts being shown in normal position. Fig. 8 is a similar view, but showing the position of the parts at the moment that the type-blow is delivered. Fig. 9 is a perspective detail of a small frame carried by the dog-rocker and an attached spring. Fig. 10 is a plan of the dog-rocker, showing a detent-dog formed integrally thereon. Fig. 11 is a perspective view of an adjustable front paper-guide. Fig. 12 is a side elevation, and Fig. 13 a front sectional view, of a bell mechanism. Fig. 14-is a perspective view of a paper-guiding arm, which may be thrown rearwardly to bear upon the platen or forwardly to a position ofl disuse. Fig. 15 is a plan of a key locking mechanism.

In the several views portions of the ma-- chine are omitted or broken away, so as to disclose the invention more clearly, and simi-l lar parts are designated by similar numerals of reference.

Upon a fulcrum-rod 1, mounted transversely in the rear portion of the rectangular base 2, are pivoted the rear ends of a series of levers 3, bearing at their forward ends keys 4 and connected between their ends by links 5 to a series of bell-cranks 6, which are pivoted upon brackets 7, attached to the forward side of a segment 8. The bell-cranks have teeth 9, meshing with toothed hubs 10 of forwardlyextending type-bars 11, which are pivoted upon brackets 12, secured upon the front face of a segment 13. The segments are secured at their ends by screws 14 upon the upper portions of a pair of standards 15, erected upon the opposite side walls of the base. At their forward ends the type-bars rest upon a segmental pad 16, arranged upon a frame 17, erected upon the base just back of the keyboard.

The type-bars are adapted to swing upwardly and rearwardly and strike upon the forward side of a traveling cylindrical platen 18. This platen is journaled by means of a shaft 19 in side bars 2O and 21 of a carriage, the latter also comprising front and rear 1ongitudinal bars 22 and 23, which are adapted to run upon front and rear fixed rails 24 and 25, the former being secured by screws 2G upon cross-bars 27 of the framing and the latter being secured by screws 28 upon a pair of standards 29, erected upon the rear por- IOO tion of the base. Said standards 29 are surmounted by a narrow cap-plate 30, and said bar 27"joins the standards 15 and 28.

Upon the front carriage-bar 22 is formed a forwardly-facing ball-bearing groove, and upon the front rail 24 is formed a rearwardlyfacing ball-bearing groove, said grooves together forming a raceway for aset of bearingballs 31. The carriage-bar groove is formed with an overhanging portion 32, which rides directly upon the crowns of the balls, while the rail is provided with a horizontal step portion 33, which directly underlies said overhang 32, thus affording a solid and direct bearing therefor and contributing to the ease and smoothness of the carriage movement. The horizontal distance between the wall of the carriage-groove and the opposite wall of the rail-groove is just sufficient to allow the balls to roll freely without permitting undue vibration of the carriage. The rear carriagebar 23 is provided with a rearwardly-facing groove having au overhang 34, similar to the overhang 32., and the rear rail 25 is provided with a forwardly-facing groove, having a step 35 underlying the part 34 and similar to the step 33, a set of balls 36 running in the race formed by said grooves.

The carriage is driven by the usual springbarrel 37, and its movements are controlled by means of an escapement-rack 38, arranged justin rear of the front carriage-bar 22 and meshing with an underlying pinion 39, the latter being connected by the usual shaft 40 with an escapement-wheel 41. The step-bystep movements of this escapement-wheel are under the control of the key-levers 3. Said levers are adapted to bear down a transverse universal bar 42, arranged beneath the levers and hung by links 43 upon the forward ends of rocker-arms 44, fixed upon a transverse rock-shaft 45, which is mounted between opposite ears 46, provided upon the standards 29. About midway of the shaft is mounted a rearwardlydirected operating-arm 47 ,carrying at its end a vertical thrust-link 48, whose upper end is pivoted at 49 to one arm 50 of an escapement-pallet pivoted by trunnions 51 between an arm 52 and a bracket 53, to which said arm is attached, the bracket being secured by screws 54 to the under side of the cap-plate 30. Upon the pallet-arm 50 is formed a detent-tooth 55, and upon the opposite pallet-arm 56 is carried a loose vertical tooth or dog 57, which normally engages a working face 58 of one of the escapementwheel-teeth. Said dog 57 is pivoted at its lower end at 59 to the pallet-arm 56 and is caused by the pressure of the wheel-tooth to bear against a stop-pin 60, mounted in ears 61, formed upon said arm 56, which is double, as seen at Fig. 10, the pallet as a whole being fork-shaped, the arm 50 being the shank member and the arm 56 being divided and forming the prongs. At Figs. 7and 8 it will be seen that the teeth of the escapement- Wheel pass between said prongs, and it will be understood that this divided construction of the pallet is resorted to for the purpose of enabling its pivot to be placed at a point not too remote from the aXis of the escapement- Wheel, the distance from wheel-axis to palletaxis being preferably somewhat less than the radius of the Wheel. The purpose of mounting the dog 57 pivotally is to enable it when withdrawn from the wheel-tooth at the operation of the pallet to vibrate past the wheeltooth under the iniiuence of a leaf-spring 62, one end whereof bears againsta lug 63, formed near the hub of said dog, and the other end whereof is fastened by a screw 64 to the pallet. The tooth 55 of the pallet is adapted to swing deeply into the'wheel-notches and to engage a face 65, formed at the base of each tooth and cut substantially concentrically with the pallet-axis 51, so that when the type is in contact with the paper on the platen the carriage may be locked against advance movement. Said wheel-tooth face 65 is of limited depth, so that upon the return movement of the pallet its tooth 55 may escape promptly from said face 65 and may thereafter be borne or cammed downwardly by the wheel-tooth face 58,which extends at such an angle to the arc in which said tooth 55 swings as to enable the carriagedriving spring, which is of course acting upon the escapement-wheel, to aid materially in forcing back to normal position the pallet, together with its connected mechanism, the key-lever, and the type-bar, while at the same time the carriage is of course advancing, and hence nearly completes its letter spacing movement by the time the tooth 55 escapes from the wheel-tooth.

The pallet is provided with a draw-spring 66, one end whereof is caught upon a screw 67, tapped into the lower end of an arm 68, dropped from the bracket 53, .and the other end whereof is caught upon a pin 69, forming a portion of a small bracket, the` latter being provided with opposite hooks 70, caught over a pair of bosses 7l, formed upon the pallet, and being also provided with an arm 72,which normally bears upon a stop 73,projecting rear wardly from the bracket 53. The pallet-arm 50 is provided with a lug 74, which is adapted to contact with a cross-arm 75, formed upon the detachable spring-frame, so as to cause the latter' to vibrate as if made in one piece with the pallet. This contact does not occur, however, until a portion of the movement of the pallet has been made, so that the opposition of the spring is not felt at the start of the key-stroke, thus tending to improve the touch of the keys. Moreover, it will be noted at Fig. 3 that the points 67, 69, and lare nearly in line, so that the spring at first is pulling almost at a dead-center, and hence offers very little resistance to the initial movement of the spring frame or pallet, while during the remainder of the movement of the pallet the pin 69, over which the upper end of the springis caught, is swung considerably to one side, thereby giving the spring a much l'OO greater leverage upon the pallet, so that at l causes a rocking movement of said arms 95 the completion of the initial stroke of the mechanism,when the springismost distended, it also has the greatest purchase, and thus aids materially in starting back to normal position both the pallet and its operating mechanism. Thus it will be seen that at the beginning of the key-stroke the spring 66 is not aected,but that during said stroke it is easily picked up, and then oers gradually-increasing resistance to the keys, thus cushioning the key action at the last portion of the stroke and imparting an agreeable touch thereto.

Extending longitudinally of the platen and arranged forwardly thereof and over the typebar system is a bar 76, upon which is mounted a slide 77, having both a bell-ringing cam 78 and a line-locking abutment 79. The slide may be adjusted along the bar and is provided with the usual spring-pressed dog 8O for engaging a rack 80, formed upon the rear edge of the bar 76. A yielding abutment 81 for coaction with both the bell-ringing cam 78 and the line-locking abutment or jog 79 is mounted upon a bar 82, the latter forming the front portion of the carriage-frame and being carried upon the forward ends of extensions 20 and 2liL of the end bars of the carriage, said extensions overhanging the rackbar 76. A bell 83 is mounted by a stem 84 upon a horizontal tie-bar 85, extending from the standard 15 at the left-hand side of the machine forwardly to the pad-carryin g frame 17. A clapper 86 is pivoted at 87, Fig. 12, upon a bracket 88, secured by a screw 89, Fig. 2, to said tie-bar 85, and is also provided with a heel 90, with which contacts an arm 91, fixed upon the left-hand end of the rackbar 76, the latter being journaled between pivot-screws 92, tapped into opposite arms 93, rising from the standards 15 of the framework. lVhen the carriage-abutment 81 rides upon the cam 78, said cam is forced down, and the rack-bar 76 is thereby caused to rock upon the pivots 92, the arm 91, fixed upon said rack-bar, being swung rearwardly and acting upon the heel 90 of bell-clapper, causing the latter to rise. lVhen said carriage-abutment 81 escapes over the end of the cam 78, and hence releases the rack-bar, the latter is permitted to rock back to normal position, and

the clapper falls and rings the bell.

The carriage-abutment 8l is also intended to engage the abutment 79 upon the adjustable slide 77, and thereby during a movement of the carriage to cause an endwise movement of the said bar 76, the latter being adapted to slide as well as rock upon the screws 92. The purpose of the sliding movement of the rack-bar is to lock the type-operating keys, this being eifected by means of arms .94,which extend downwardly from each end ofthe rackbar and have a slotted engagement with horizontal rocker-arms 95, the latter being secured upon the upper ends of rock-shafts 96, mounted upon the standards 15. The described endwise movement of the rack-bar and shafts 96 in the directions indicated by the arrows at Fig. 15. Fixed upon the lower ends of said shafts and vibrated thereby are plate-like intercepting-arms 97, which extend to a pair of brackets 98, the latter being secured by screws 99 upon inwardly-extending portions 100 of the framework, and being also provided with openings 101, which are closed by the described movements of the overlying intercepter-arms 97. Said openings 101 lie just beneath the forward ends of the arms 44, which support the universal bar 42, underlying the key-levers 3, said arms 44 passing freely into said openings during the movements of the key-levers and type-bars until such time as the intercepterarms 97 are swung in the described manner to positions above said openings and beneath the arms 44, whereby the openings are closed and the normal operation of the arms 44, and hence of the universal bar 42 and the key-levers,is prevented, thus locking the keys and making it impossible to print one letter upon another at the termination of the line of writing.

Upon the under side of the rack-bar 76 and about midway of its length is secured the rear end of a nger-lever 102, whereby the said rack-bar may be tipped until the abutment 79, carried thereon, escapes below the carriage-abutrn ent 81 whereupon therack-bar, being released from the latter, may slide back to normal position under the influence of the usual sprng,(not shown,) thus returning the rocker-arms 95, shaft 96, and interceptingarms 97 to normal position and uncovering the openings 101, so that the arms 44, the universal bar, and the keys are released, and hence the latter may be operated for the purpose of adding a few more letters at the end of the line. The said finger-piece 102 is further provided with an arm 103, which carries a stop-ii nger 1033, overhanging the front carriage-bar 82, so as to limit the tipping movement of the lever and rack-bar. If desired, a second linger-lever 104, having a. similar stop 105, may be secured upon the left-hand end of the bar 76, as drawn at Fig. 15.

The return movements of the carriage for beginning a new line are limited by the cooperation of an abutment 106, mounted upon a slide 107, also carried upon the rack-bar 76 and at the right-hand end thereof, with'an abutment 108, mounted upon the right-hand portion of the front carriage-bar 82, and it will be understood that when desired the bar 76 may be tipped by either lever 102 or 104, so as to depress the abutment 106 below the abutment 108 and permit the carriage to be pushed farther to the right, so that characters may be Written in the margin at the lefthand side of the page.

The line-spacing mechanism comprises a lever or handle 109, pivoted by a screw 110 upon the carriage-bar 20 and carrying a pawl 111, which is adapted to engage a line-space ratchet-wheel 112 and also to contact with a IOO IIO

stop-pin 113,Figs. 1 and 3,for preventing overthrow of the line-space wheel and platen. The return movements of the lever 109 may be variably limited by an adjustable regulator, usually mounted upon a pin 114, carried upon a projecting carriage-arm 115. In order automatically to release the carriage from the control of its letter-feeding devices upon the operation of the line-spacing mechanism, I mountthe rack-bar 38 upon rockerarms 116, which are hinged at 117 upon the grooved bar 22 of the carriage-frame and are also provided with returning-springs 118, and I also connect said rack-bar to the line-spacing lever 109. For this purpose a hook 119 is caught beneath said rack-bar and pivoted at its upper end to one arm 120 ofa bent level-,the latter being pivoted at 121 upon the carriageframe, and its other arm 122 extending forwardly to a projection 123, formed upon the line-spacing lever 109, so that when the latter is vibrated said projection may actuate the forward end of the arm 122, whereby the latter is vibrated upon its pivot 121, and by means of the hook 119 lifts the rack 38 out of engagement with the pinion 39.

In order to provide for the automatic re-.

engagement of the rack 38 with its pinion upon the arrest of the returning carriage by the contact of the abutments 108 and 10G, I arrange between the parts 122 and 123 a v ibratory plate 124, which is pivoted by a pin 125 upon ears 126, rising from a loose bar 127, upon which said abutment 108 is mounted, said bar having longitudinal slots 128 for engaging pins 129, fixed upon the carriage-bar 82, so as to enable a relative endwise movement between the bars 82 and 127. When the line-space leveris vibrate'd, its projection 12,3 bears down upon the hinged plate 124, and the latter in turn bears down the forward end of the lever 122, so as to disengage the rack 38, and upon said contact of the stops 106 and 108 at the completion of the return movement of the carriage the stop-bar 127 is arrested, together with its plate 124, while, owing to the provision of the longitudinal slots 128, the carriage is enabled to make a further movement, thereby enabling the linespace-lever projection 123 to escape over the right-hand side of the plate 124, so that said plate is freed, and hence may return to normal position, together with the arm 122 and the rack 38, connected thereto, the carriage becoming therefore automatically reconnected to its escapement devices independently of the release by the operator of the line-space lever 109. The carriage itself is finally arrested by the engagement of the pins 129 with thev other ends of the slots 128, and upon the release of the handle 109 the bar 127 is returned to its normal endwise position relatively to the carriage 82 by means of a drawspring 130, one end of the latter being connected to the carriage-pin 129 and the other end to a pin'131, provided upon said bar 127.

The carriage is provided with a paper-shelf 132 and also with a detlector 133, the latter extending for substantially the whole length of the platen and being hinged at its rear to a support 134, provided upon the reargrooved bar 23 of the carriage and cu rvin g thence forwardly beneath the platen and upwardly in front of the same and terminating a short distance below the printing-point. At its rear portion said deflector-plate is provided with openings for pressure-rollers 135, which are mounted upon a shaft 136, and at its forward portion with openings for pressure-rollers 137,

which are mounted upon a shaft 138. Said shafts are journaled,vrespectively, in the rear and front ends of cross-arms 139, carried by a hollow shaft or sleeve 140, which is hinged by means of a longer shaft 141, passinglongitudinally therethrough, upon the forward ends of spring-arms 142, whose rear ends are secured by screws 143 upon the rear grooved bar 23 of the carriage-frame. By means of said spring-arms and the cross-arm frame all of the pressure-rollers are caused to bear with the requisite firmness against the platen, and the feed of the paper around the platen is greatly improved.

Upon the left-hand extended end of the shaft or rod 141 is fixed a release-lever 144, which is provided with aforwardly-extending finger 145, adapted to bear up against an abutment 146, extending inwardly from thev left-hand carriage-frame bar 21, so that the lever 144 when pressed backwardly or downwardly works upon the abutment 146 as afulcrum and is enabled to force down the shaft 141, together with the cross-arm frame and pressure-rollers, so as to release the paper and facilitate its adjustment upon the platen. In order to prevent skewing of the cross-arm frame, the right-hand projecting end of the shaft 141 is likewise provided with a forwardly-extending finger 147, which bears up against an abutment 148, provided at the right-hand end of the carriage.

Upon a forwardly-directed T flange or bar 149, formed upon the front grooved rail 22 of the carriage-frame, is fitted a sliding block 150, having a set-screw 151 and carrying a spring-arm 152, the latter extending up in front of the platen and vcarrying a small pressure-roller 153, which is mounted between ears formed upon a leaf 154, pivotally attached at 155 to the upper end of the springarm 152. A bent spring 156, riveted at its lower end to the base portion of the arm 152, presses at its upper end against said pivoted leaf 154, so as to produce the requisite pressure of the roller 153 upon the paper. The arm 152 carries upon its rear side an upwardlydirected plate 157, upon whose upper end is xed a curved pressure-plate 158, bearing against the platen and forked at its upper end to embrace the roller 153. The block 150 and its appurtenances may be duplicated at each end of the platen, and either rmay be slid along the bar 149, so as to accommodate sheets of different widths.

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ybears upon a squared portion 165 of the shaft 161, whereby the roller is held in yielding contact with the platen. When the arm 162 is not in use, it may be swung forwardly to a position overhanging the bar 82 and thereV held by the spring 164, the latter hearing upon the opposite face of the squared portion 165. The bracket 160 is also provided with an index 166 for cooperation with the usual letterspace graduations 167, formed upon the mar gin-gage rack 76.

In operation the leading edge of the paper is introduced between the platen 18 and the rear set of pressure-rollers 135 and led forwardly between the deflector 133 and the platen to the pressure-rollers 137, passing' between the latterand the platen and thence up around the front of the platen,where it is controlled by the pressure-ngers 158 and rollers 153. In order to facilitate the introduction and adjustment of the paper, the release-lever 144 may be pressed down, so as to cast off the pressure- rollers 135 and 137. Upon the paper being adjusted the typekeys 4 are operated and by means of the levers 3, links 5, and sublevers 6 swing the typebars rearwardly to make the type im pressions upon the paper. At the operation of each key-lever the universal bar 42 is forced down and by means of the links 43 pulls down the arms 44, thereby rocking the shaft 45 and swinging upwardly the rear arm 47 thereon, so that by means of the link 48 the pallet 50 56 is oscillated to the Fig. 8 position, the feeding-dog 57 escaping below the point of one wheel-tooth and swinging against the next tooth. By the said pallet movement the spring 66 is both distended and given a great purchase upon the pallet, so as to aid in the prompt return of the pallet and connected parts to normal position. Upon the return stroke of the pallet the detent-tooth 55 works od from the abrupt face 65 of the wheel-tooth and engages the oblique face 58, so that the carriage may begin promptly to advance and aid in the return of the pallet and connected parts to normal position. At a point near the completion of the line of writing the carriageabutment 81 engages the cam 78, causing the margin-gage rackbar 76 to vibrate and by means of the arm '91 to operate the bell-clapper, and shortly thereafter the engagement of said abutment -81 with the abutment 79 causes an endwise movement of the rack-bar 76 and locks the keys, as already explained. Having finished the line, the operator grasps the line-spacing lever 109 and pulls it forwardly, thereby forcing the pawl 111 rearwardly and turning the line-space wheel and platen so as to advance the paper. At the same time the projection 123 bears down the trip-plate 124, and the latter in turn operates the lever 122, the arm 120 whereof is elevated and by means of the link 119 raises the rack 38 out of mesh with the pinion 39. By the same handle 109 the operator pulls the carriage to the right for the beginning of a new line, and upon the contact of the stops 106 and 108 the release of the carriage-rack from the control of said handle 109 is automatically effected in the manner already set forth.

Many variations in details of construction and arrangement may be made within the scope of my invention.

Certain features disclosed herein and relating to the type action are set forth and claimed in my pending application :tiled April 27, 1901, Serial No. 57,767.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a carriage, of a front bar 22 thereon having a forwardly-facing groove provided with an overhanging portion, a front rail 24 having a rearwardly-facing groove provided with a step arranged beneath said overhanging portion, a rear bar 23 upon said carriage having a rearwardly-facing groove provided with an overhanging portion, and a rear carriage-rail 25 provided with a corresponding step portion.

2. In a type-writing machine and in an escapement mechanism, the combination with a power-driven carriage, of an escapementwheel having abrupt working faces and sloping working faces 58, a key-operated dog 55 pivoted upon an axis parallel with the wheel-axis and adapted to swing at its initial stroke into engagement with an abrupt face 65 and upon its return stroke to engage the sloping face 58.

3. ln a type-writing machine, and in an escapement mechanism, the combination with a power-driven carriage, of an 'escapementwheel having slopingfaces 58 and abruptfaces 65, a key-operated pallet whose axis is parallel with the wheel-axis, a dog 55 carried upon said pallet and adapted upon its initial stroke to swing into engagement with the abrupt face 65 and upon its return stroke 'to engage the sloping face 58, and a pivoted spring-pressed feeding-pawl 57 also carried upon said pallet.

4. In a type-writing machine and in an escapement mechanism, the combination with a power-driven carriage, of an escapementwheel whose teeth have working edges cornprising abrupt faces 65 and sloping faces 58, a key-operated pallet pivoted upon an axis parallel with the wheel-axis, and forked so as to bestride the wheel, a detent-dog 55 formed upon said pallet, a pivoted spacing-dog 57 carried by said pallet, and a spring 62 for said dog 57.

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5. In a type-writing machine and in an escapement mechanism, the combination with a power-driven carriage, of an escapementwheel whose teeth have Working edges comprising abrupt faces 65 and sloping faces 58, and a key-operated escapement-pallet pivoted upon an axis parallel with the wheel-axis and forked so as to bestride the wheel, the distance from the pallet-axis to the wheel-axis being less than the radius of the wheel.

6. In a type-writing machine and in an escapement mechanism, the combination with a power-driven carriage, of an escapementwheel whose teeth have working edges comprising abrupt faces 65 and sloping faces 58, a key-operated pallet pivoted upon an axis parallel with the wheel-axis and forked so as to bestride the Wheel, a detent-dog formed upon said pallet, a pivoted spacing-dog 57 carried by said pallet, and a spring 62 for said dog 57, the latter being carried between the forked arms of the pallet, and a stop upon the pallet for said dog.

7. In a type-writing machine and in an escapement mechanism, the'combination of a power-driven carriage, an escapement-Wheel, a key-operated pallet having dogs for coaction with said escapement-wheel, a frame or arm carried upon said pallet, a spring 66 attached to said frame or arm, and a fixed stop 73 for said frame or arm.

8. In a type-writing machine and in an escapement mechanism, the combination with a power-driven carriage, of an escapementwheel, a key-operated pallet and a spring, said pallet having dogs for coaction with said escapement-wheel, and said spring being idle during the first part of the initial stroke of y the pallet and when called into action being caused to have a constantly-increasing leverage upon the pallet, the leverage or purchase of said spring being greatest at the completion of said initial stroke of the pallet.

9. In a type-writing machine and in an escapement mechanism, the combination with ,V a power-driven carriage, and an escapementwheel, of a key-operated pivoted pallet hav- `ing dogs forfcoperation with said escapement-wheel, and a draw-spring 66, one end whereof is attached to a fixed portion of the machine and the other end whereof is connected to the pallet at a point which is nearly in line with said attached end and the axis of said pallet, the connecting-point of said spring to said pallet being swung during the initial stroke of the pallet so as to give the spring a greatly-increased purchase for returning the latter toward normal position.

10. In a type-writing machine and in an escapement mechanism, the combination with a power-driven carriage and an escapementwheel, of a key-operated pivoted pallet, and a draw-spring 66, one end whereof is attached to a fixed portion of the machine and the other end whereof is connected to the pallet at a point which is nearly in line with said point of attachment and the axis of s aid pallet, the connecting-point of 'said spring to said pallet being swung during the initial stroke of the pallet so as to give the spring a great purchase for returning the latter to,- ward normal position, the working faces of each tooth upon said -wheel comprising an abrupt portion and an oblique portion 5S, and the pallet having a tooth 55 normallydisengaged from the wheel and swinging directly into engagement with said abrupt tooth portion 65.

11. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination with a platen and a system of rearwardly-striking type-bars, of a pivoted rack-bar 76 arranged forwardly of the platen and over the type-bars, a bar 82 provided upon the carriage-frame and arranged forwardly of said rack-bar 76, a yielding abutment 81 upon the said carriage-bar, an adjustable slide upon said rack-bar, cam 78 upon said slide, arm 91 carried by said rackbar, bell-clapper 86 having heel 90 engaged by said arm, and bell S3.

12. In a type-Writing machine, the combination with a series of type-operating keys, of a universal bar, vibratory arms 44 supporting said universal bar, fixed brackets 98 arranged in proximity to said arms, intercepting-arms 97 arranged in proximity to said Abrackets 98, rock-shafts 96 carrying arms 95,

rack-bar 76 carrying an abutment 79 and having arms 94 for engaging said arms 95, and means upon the carriage for engaging said abutment and moving the bar endwise,whereby the arms 95 and shafts 96 are rocked, and the arms 97 are moved to a position to intercept the arms 44.

In a type-writing machine, the combination with a carriage and a series of typeoperating keys, of'a universal bar, arms operated by said universal bar, intercepting devices 97 mounted upon rock-shafts 96, an endwise-movable rack-bar 7G having means for engaging arms 95 carried upon said rockshafts, an adjustable abutment 79 on said rack-bar, and means upon the carriage for engaging said abutment so as to move the bar endwise and cause the device 97 to intercept said universal-bar arms.

14. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a carriage and a series of typeoperating keys, of a universal bar supported upon vibratory arms 44, xed brackets 98 having openings directly in the pat-h of said arms 44, intercepting devices 97 arranged between said brackets and said arms 44, rock-shafts 96, bar 76 having means for engaging arms 95 carried upon said rock-shafts 96, and means controlled by the carriage for moving said bar.V

15. In a type-Writing machine, the combination With a carriage, a series of type-bars and a series of key-levers connected thereto, of a universal bar arranged beneath the keylevers, vibratory arms operated by said universal bar, shafts 96 having means for intercepting said arms, and means controlled by ICO IIO

the carriage for rocking said shafts, and thereby causing said universal-bar arms to be intercepted.

16. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination with a platen, a carriage, and a series of type-bars, of a series of levers connected to the type-bars, a universal bar, a pair of arms operated by the universal bar, a pair of intercepting devices, a pair of shafts upon which said intercepting devices are mounted, a movable bar arranged forwardly of the platen and having means for rocking said shafts, and means upon the carriage for moving said bar.

7. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series of type-operating keys, of a universal bar, vibratory arms 44 supporting said universal bar, fixed brackets 98 having openings directly beneath said arms, intercepting devices 97 arranged between said brackets and said universal-bar arms, rockshafts 96 carrying arms 95, rack-bar 76 carrying an adjustable abutment and also having means for engaging said arms 95, means upon the carriage for engaging said abutment, and means for releasing said rack-bar from the control of said carriage.

18. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series of type-operating keys, of a universal bar supported upon vibratory arms 44, fixed brackets 98 having openings directly beneath said arms 44, interceptingarms 97 arranged between said brackets and said arms 44, rock-shafts 96, rack-bar 76 having means for engaging arms 95 carried upon said rock-shafts 96, means for enabling the carriage to move said rack-bar endwise, and a forwardly-extending finger-piece secured upon said rack-bar for tipping the latter so as to release it from the control of said carriage.

19. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination with a platen, of a carriage having a bar 82 arranged forwardly of the platen, a stop 108 carried upon said bar, a rack-bar 76 arranged in rear of said bar 82 and having an adjustable stop 106 for coaction with said abutment 108 to variably limit the return movements of the carriage, and a finger-piece for tipping said rack-bar 76 so as to release the carriage-stop 108 from the stop 106.

20. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination with a platen and a carriage, of an escapement-rack hinged upon the carriage, a lever pivoted upon the carriage and connected by a link to said rack, and extending forwardly of the platen, a line-space mechanism including alever 109 having means for 0perating said rack-releasing lever, and means, including abutments 106, 108, for automatically releasing said rack 38 from the control of said lever 109.

21. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a platen and a carriage, of an escapement-rack 38 hinged upon the carriage, a lever-arm 122 connected to said rack, a linespacing mechanism including a lever 109, a trip-plate 124 arranged between said arm 122 and a projection 123. carried upon` the lever 109, an endwise-movable bar 127 mounted upon the carriage and pivotally supporting said trip-plate 124, an abutment 108 upon said bar 127, an adjustable abutment 106, and a returning-spring 130 connected to said bar 127.

22. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a platen, of two sets of pressurerollers mounted upon a frame, said frame being pivoted upon the free ends of a pair of springs secured to the carriage, the axis of said pivot lying between said sets of pressurerollers, so that said springs cause all of said rollers to bear against the platen.

23. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a platen, of two sets of pressurerollers mounted upon a pair of arms 139, said arms being pivoted by means ot' a shaft 141 upon the free ends of a pair of spring-arms, and means fixed upon said shaft 141 for moving the pressure-rollers away from the platen.

24. In a type-Writing machine, the combination with a platen, of two sets of pressurerollers mounted upon a pair of arms 139, said arms being pivoted by means of a shaft 141 upon the free ends of a pair of spring-arms, release-lever 144 and fingers 145, 147 fixed upon said shaft 141, and abutments 146 and 148.

25. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a platen and a carriage, of a pair of spring-arms 142 fixed lupon the carriage, a sleeve 140 pivotally mounted upon said springarms by means of a shaft 141, cross-arms 139 carried upon the ends of said sleeve 140, pressure- rollers 135, 137 carried between said arms 139, lever 144 fixed upon said shaft 141, fingers 145, 147, and abutments 146 and 148.

26. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination with a platen and a carriage, of a bar upon the carriage, a sliding block 150 fitted upon the bar and having a set-screw 151, a spring-arm 152 carried by said block and extending up in front of the platen, a pressure-roller 153 mounted between ears formed upon a leaf 154 pivotally attached to the upper end of said spring-arm 152, and a spring 156 secured to the base portion of said arm 152 and at its upper end pressing against said pivoted leaf 154.

27. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination with a platen and a carriage, of a bar upon the carriage, a sliding block 150 fitted upon the bar and having a set-screw 151, a spring-arm 152 carried by said block and extending up in front of the platen, a pressure -roller 153 mounted between ears formed upon a leaf 154 pivotally attached to the upper end of said spring-arm 152, a spring 15G secured to the base portion of said arm 152 and at its upper end pressing against said pivot-leaf 154, an upwardly-directed plate 157 carried upon the rear side of said arm 152, and a curved pressure-plate 158 fixed upon the upper end of said plate 157 and bearing against the platen.

28. In a front-strike writing-machine, the

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combination with a platen and a carriage, of a plate 160 fixed upon the carriage, a rearwardly-extending arm 162 pivot-ally mounted upon said plate and carrying a roller 163 for pressing against the upper front side of the platen, a spring 164 fixed upon the carriage, and means for enabling said spring to hold said arm 162 either in working position or in a position of disuse.

29. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination with a platen and a carriage, of a plate or bracket 160 fixed upon the front bar of the carriage, a rearwardly-extending arm 162 mounted by a shaft 161 in said plate or bracket and having a squared portion 165, a pressure-roller 163 mounted upon said arm 162 for bearing upon the upper Vfront side of the platen, and a spring 161 secured upon the carriage and adapted to bear upon said squared portion 165.

Signed at the borough of Manhattan, city of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, this 28th dayof May, A. D. 1901.

EDWVIN B. CRAM. lVitnesses:

K. V. DONOVAN, E. M. WELLS.

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