US6876829B2 - Xerographic printing system with magnetic seal between development and transfer - Google Patents
Xerographic printing system with magnetic seal between development and transfer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US6876829B2 US6876829B2 US10/426,077 US42607703A US6876829B2 US 6876829 B2 US6876829 B2 US 6876829B2 US 42607703 A US42607703 A US 42607703A US 6876829 B2 US6876829 B2 US 6876829B2
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- charge
- magnetic strip
- development zone
- carrier particles
- development
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 abstract description 50
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
- G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
- G03G15/09—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer using magnetic brush
- G03G15/0942—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer using magnetic brush with means for preventing toner scattering from the magnetic brush, e.g. magnetic seals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to electrostatographic or xerographic printing systems.
- a charge retentive surface typically known as a photoreceptor
- a photoreceptor is electrostatically charged, and then exposed to a light pattern of an original image to selectively discharge the surface in accordance therewith.
- the resulting pattern of charged and discharged areas on the photoreceptor form an electrostatic charge pattern, known as a latent image, conforming to the original image.
- the latent image is developed by contacting it with a finally divided electrostatically attractable powder known as “toner.” Toner is held on the image areas by the electrostatic charge on the photoreceptor surface.
- a toner image is produced in conformity with a light image of the original being reproduced.
- the toner image may then be transferred to a substrate, such as paper, and the image affixed thereto to form a permanent record of the image to be reproduced.
- the step in the electrostatographic process in which the toner is applied to the latent image is known as “development.”
- a quantity of toner is brought generally into contact with the latent image, so that the toner particles will adhere or not adhere to various areas on the surface in conformity with the latent image.
- Many techniques for carrying out this development are known in the art. A number of such techniques require that the toner particles be evenly mixed with a quantity of “carrier.” Generally speaking, toner plus carrier equals “developer.” Typically, toner particles are extremely fine, and responsive to electric fields; carrier particles are relatively large and respond to magnetic fields.
- the developer In a “magnetic brush” development system, the developer is exposed to magnetic fields, causing the carrier particles to form brush-like strands, much in the manner of iron filings when exposed to a magnetic field.
- the toner particles In turn, are triboelectrically adhered to the carrier particles in the strands. What is thus formed is a brush of magnetic particles with toner particles adhering to the strands of the brush.
- the base of the brush is formed on a “magnetic roll,” which is typically in the form of a sleeve rotating around a fixed arrangement of magnets: the toner and carrier form the brush on the outside of the sleeve, influenced by the fields of the magnets inside the sleeve.
- This magnetic brush is brought in contact with the electrostatic latent image, and under certain conditions the toner particles separate from the carrier particles and adhere as necessary to the photoreceptor.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,138,382 shows a xerographic development unit wherein a rotating pickoff roller, including a set of magnets, is disposed downstream of the magnetic developer roll along the process direction of the photoreceptor.
- the pickoff roller forms a curtain of carrier beads within the development unit, which prevents the escape of airborne toner particles from the development unit.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,283,617 shows a xerographic development unit with a rotating pickoff roller, or “bead removal device,” including a set of magnets, and an external vacuum source which in turn draws carrier off the pickoff roller.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,376,997 shows a xerographic development unit wherein a pickoff roller, including a set of magnets within a rotating sleeve, is disposed downstream of the magnetic developer roll along the process direction of the photoreceptor.
- the Fuji Xerox® 3500 product launched in about 1979, employed a stationary magnetic strip adjacent the photoreceptor downstream (along the direction of photoreceptor motion) of the development zone; the Xerox® 5616 product employed a stationary magnetic strip adjacent the photoreceptor upstream of the development zone.
- the photoreceptor and sleeve of the developer roll moved in the same direction through the development zone, and therefore a set of airflows such as described below would not be set up by the motion of the photoreceptor and sleeve.
- the Xerox® 5052 product employed a stationary magnetic strip adjacent the photoreceptor upstream of the development zone, but in that product the development zone was associated with two developer rolls, one turning with the motion of the photoreceptor and one against, in effect both developer rolls rotating “outward” from the development zone; once again, the airflows set up by these two developer rolls are not similar to the arrangement described below.
- an electrostatographic printing apparatus comprising a charge receptor defining a charge-retentive surface, the charge receptor being movable in a process direction; a development unit including a rotatable sleeve for conveying developer to a development zone adjacent a portion of the charge-retentive surface, the rotatable sleeve moving in a direction opposite the process direction in the development zone; and a nonmoving magnetic strip disposed downstream of the development zone.
- the magnetic strip is positioned to maintain a brush of carrier particles substantially directly thereon.
- FIG. 1 shows the basic elements of a xerographic printer.
- FIG. 2 is a detailed elevational view of the portion of the photoreceptor between the developer unit and the transfer station of the xerographic printer of FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 3 is a further detailed elevational view of a zone between the development zone and the transfer station in the embodiment of FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 4 is an elevational view of a structure adjacent the zone between the development zone and the transfer station, showing alternate locations of a magnetic strip.
- FIG. 1 shows the basic elements by which a electrostatographic or xerographic printer, such as a copier or a “laser printer,” creates a dry-toner image on plain paper.
- a charge receptor such as photoreceptor 10 , which may be in the form of a belt or drum, and which defines a charge-retentive surface for forming electrostatic images thereon.
- the photoreceptor 10 is caused to rotate through process direction P.
- the first step in the process is the general charging of the relevant photoreceptor surface.
- This initial charging is performed by a charge source such as a “scorotron,” indicated as 12 .
- the scorotron 12 typically includes an ion-generating structure, such as a hot wire, to impart an electrostatic charge on the surface of the photoreceptor 10 moving past it.
- the charged portions of the photoreceptor 10 are then selectively discharged in a configuration corresponding to the desired image to be printed, by a raster output scanner or ROS, which generally comprises a laser source 14 and a rotatable mirror 16 which act together, in a manner known in the art, to discharge certain areas of the surface of photoreceptor 10 according to a desired image to be printed.
- ROS raster output scanner
- FIG. 1 shows a laser 14 to selectively discharge the charge-retentive surface
- other apparatus that can be used for this purpose include an LED bar, or, in a copier, a light-lens system.
- the laser source 14 is modulated (turned on and off) in accordance with digital image data fed into it, and the rotating mirror 16 causes the modulated beam from laser source 14 to move in a fast-scan direction perpendicular to the process direction P of the photoreceptor 10 .
- the remaining charged areas are developed by a developer unit such as 18 , causing a supply of dry toner to contact or otherwise approach the surface of photoreceptor 10 .
- the developed image is then advanced, by the motion of photoreceptor 10 , to a transfer station 20 , which causes the toner adhering to the photoreceptor 10 to be electrically transferred to a print sheet, which is typically a sheet of plain paper, to form the image thereon.
- the sheet of plain paper, with the toner image thereon is then passed through a fuser 22 , which causes the toner to melt, or fuse, into the sheet of paper to create the permanent image.
- FIG. 2 is a detailed elevational view of the portion of the photoreceptor 10 between the developer unit 18 and the transfer station 20 .
- the developer unit 18 includes a magnetic roll formed by a sleeve 30 which rotates, as shown by direction D, around an assembly including any number of fixed permanent magnets 32 .
- the fields of the various magnets 32 through the sleeve 30 act to convey developer, in the form of a magnetic brush (not shown), toward the photoreceptor 18 .
- the zone between the sleeve 30 and photoreceptor 10 where the magnetic brush provides toner particles to develop a latent image on photoreceptor 10 is known as a “development zone.”
- the illustrated embodiment includes the photoreceptor 10 and the sleeve 30 of the magnetic roll moving in opposite directions within the development zone, as shown by the arrows in FIG. 2 .
- the height of the magnetic brush created on the magnetic roll is in a suitable range relative to the total spacing between the magnetic roll and the photoreceptor in the development zone, in an arrangement where the magnetic roll and photoreceptor move in opposite directions, an air flow is created between the photoreceptor 10 and the sleeve 30 in a direction against the process direction P of the photoreceptor 18 .
- This air flow, or “boundary air stream,” along the surface of photoreceptor 10 is useful for preventing airborne or otherwise stray toner particles from migrating down the process direction and, for instance, contaminating the transfer station 20 , which could result in unintended marks on the transferred image or on the back of the print sheet.
- this boundary air stream is disrupted. If, for instance, there is a temporary condition of a high T/C (toner to carrier) ratio or low triboelectric levels in the development unit 18 , the magnetic brush in the development zone itself disrupts the boundary air stream around the photoreceptor 10 . If the boundary air stream is thus disrupted, airborne or stray toner particles can move to contaminate the transfer station 20 .
- T/C toner to carrier
- a simple N/S permanent magnetic strip 50 which extends across photoreceptor 10 in a direction perpendicular to process direction P, is provided.
- Strip 50 by virtue of its magnetic fields, maintains a bipolar brush between the development zone and the transfer station 20 .
- the brush of carrier created by strip 50 acts as an air-permeable seal allowing air flow towards the development zone while preventing contaminated air from escaping downward to the transfer station 20 .
- the brush formed on strip 50 itself remains clean and does not fail due to a build up of toner within it.
- FIG. 3 is a further detailed elevational view of a zone between the development zone and the transfer station in the embodiment of FIG. 2 , showing a typical pattern of air flows, indicated by arrows, induced by the behavior of the magnetic strip 50 .
- the magnetic strip 50 is disposed fairly close to the surface of photoreceptor 10 ; one or more small brushes of carrier particles, such as indicated as 54 and 56 is thus maintained in contact with the surface of photoreceptor 10 .
- Each small brush acts to restrict airflow therethrough, in effect acting as a barrier substantially, but not necessarily completely, separating a circulating flow 60 of “dirty” (laden with airborne toner particles) air upstream of the strip 50 in the process direction P, and a circulating flow 62 of “clean” air downstream of the strip 50 in the process direction P.
- the dominant behavior of the air is to enter the zone below strip 50 against process direction P of photoreceptor 10 ; however, a boundary layer of air immediately adjacent the surface of photoreceptor 10 is often flowing with the process direction P.
- One or more poles associated with a magnetic strip such as 50 can be placed in close proximity to the photoreceptor 10 , although in one practical embodiment such as illustrated in FIG. 3 , only the N pole faces the photoreceptor 10 .
- this single pole facing the photoreceptor results in two brushes of carrier particles, indicated as 54 and 56 ; in other implementations, other configurations of magnetic poles will result in one or more brushes of various characteristics.
- what small airflow as can pass through brushes 54 and 56 is largely in the upstream direction, against the direction of a boundary layer of air around the moving photoreceptor 10 .
- FIG. 4 is an elevational view of a structure adjacent the zone between the development zone and the transfer station in the embodiment of FIG. 2 , showing alternate locations of a strip such as 50 , in FIG. 4 shown as 50 a , 50 b , and 50 c .
- strip 50 a is shown as being essentially at the edge of the development zone; 50 b is shown as being spaced mainly inside a cavity 52 adjacent photoreceptor 10 ; and 50 c is disposed close to the transfer station 20 .
- each of the strips may define one or more poles adjacent the photoreceptor 10 , to control the position and behavior of one or more brushes of carrier particles.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Magnetic Brush Developing In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Cleaning In Electrography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/426,077 US6876829B2 (en) | 2002-12-16 | 2003-04-29 | Xerographic printing system with magnetic seal between development and transfer |
JP2003410084A JP2004199055A (en) | 2002-12-16 | 2003-12-09 | Xerograph printing system provided with magnetic seal between development and transfer |
MXPA03011503A MXPA03011503A (en) | 2002-12-16 | 2003-12-11 | Xerographic printing system with magnetic seal between development and transfer. |
EP03028766A EP1445659A3 (en) | 2002-12-16 | 2003-12-12 | Xerographic printing system with magnetic seal between development and transfer portions |
BR0306027-6A BR0306027A (en) | 2002-12-16 | 2003-12-15 | Xerographic printing system with magnetic seal between developer and transfer |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US43389002P | 2002-12-16 | 2002-12-16 | |
US10/426,077 US6876829B2 (en) | 2002-12-16 | 2003-04-29 | Xerographic printing system with magnetic seal between development and transfer |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20040114957A1 US20040114957A1 (en) | 2004-06-17 |
US6876829B2 true US6876829B2 (en) | 2005-04-05 |
Family
ID=32511478
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/426,077 Expired - Fee Related US6876829B2 (en) | 2002-12-16 | 2003-04-29 | Xerographic printing system with magnetic seal between development and transfer |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6876829B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1445659A3 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2004199055A (en) |
BR (1) | BR0306027A (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA03011503A (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20070292166A1 (en) * | 2006-06-15 | 2007-12-20 | Xerox Corporation | Electrostatographic developer unit having multiple magnetic brush rolls with a magnetic restrictor for carrier particle emission control |
US20090116878A1 (en) * | 2007-11-05 | 2009-05-07 | Xerox Corporation | Color switching architecture |
US20090128135A1 (en) * | 2007-11-20 | 2009-05-21 | Xerox Corporation | Magnet scanner |
US20090232543A1 (en) * | 2008-03-14 | 2009-09-17 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Developing device of image forming apparatus |
Citations (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4244322A (en) * | 1977-03-11 | 1981-01-13 | Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. | Magnetic brush type developing apparatus |
JPS56158357A (en) * | 1980-05-10 | 1981-12-07 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Developing device |
JPS5945469A (en) * | 1982-09-08 | 1984-03-14 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Electrophotographic device |
JPS6132874A (en) * | 1984-07-26 | 1986-02-15 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Device for preventing developing device from toner cloud |
US4676191A (en) * | 1984-11-16 | 1987-06-30 | Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd. | Development device |
US4697914A (en) * | 1982-06-30 | 1987-10-06 | Xerox Corporation | Toner containment method and apparatus |
JPS63243976A (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1988-10-11 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Developing device |
US5081503A (en) * | 1991-02-04 | 1992-01-14 | Xerox Corporation | Compact magnetic bead pick-off device |
US5138382A (en) | 1991-03-27 | 1992-08-11 | Xerox Corporation | Apparatus and method for creating a developer housing seal via a curtain of carrier beads |
JPH0511618A (en) * | 1991-07-04 | 1993-01-22 | Canon Inc | Developing device for image forming device |
US5283617A (en) | 1991-09-10 | 1994-02-01 | Xerox Corporation | Development apparatus employing magnetic field shapers |
US5376997A (en) | 1992-02-13 | 1994-12-27 | Konica Corporation | Rotating sleeve-type magnetic brush cleaning device |
JPH0895388A (en) * | 1994-09-20 | 1996-04-12 | Minolta Co Ltd | Carrier recovering device |
JPH1055114A (en) * | 1988-08-29 | 1998-02-24 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Image forming device |
US6047154A (en) * | 1997-09-22 | 2000-04-04 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Developing apparatus |
US6336013B1 (en) * | 1999-04-09 | 2002-01-01 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Image forming apparatus and process cartridge having magnet to prevent toner scattering |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB8315726D0 (en) * | 1983-06-08 | 1983-07-13 | Xerox Corp | Electrostatographic development apparatus |
US4963930A (en) * | 1988-08-29 | 1990-10-16 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Developing apparatus capable of preventing leakage of a developer |
-
2003
- 2003-04-29 US US10/426,077 patent/US6876829B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-09 JP JP2003410084A patent/JP2004199055A/en active Pending
- 2003-12-11 MX MXPA03011503A patent/MXPA03011503A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-12-12 EP EP03028766A patent/EP1445659A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-12-15 BR BR0306027-6A patent/BR0306027A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4244322A (en) * | 1977-03-11 | 1981-01-13 | Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. | Magnetic brush type developing apparatus |
JPS56158357A (en) * | 1980-05-10 | 1981-12-07 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Developing device |
US4697914A (en) * | 1982-06-30 | 1987-10-06 | Xerox Corporation | Toner containment method and apparatus |
JPS5945469A (en) * | 1982-09-08 | 1984-03-14 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Electrophotographic device |
JPS6132874A (en) * | 1984-07-26 | 1986-02-15 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Device for preventing developing device from toner cloud |
US4676191A (en) * | 1984-11-16 | 1987-06-30 | Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd. | Development device |
JPS63243976A (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1988-10-11 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Developing device |
JPH1055114A (en) * | 1988-08-29 | 1998-02-24 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Image forming device |
US5081503A (en) * | 1991-02-04 | 1992-01-14 | Xerox Corporation | Compact magnetic bead pick-off device |
US5138382A (en) | 1991-03-27 | 1992-08-11 | Xerox Corporation | Apparatus and method for creating a developer housing seal via a curtain of carrier beads |
JPH0511618A (en) * | 1991-07-04 | 1993-01-22 | Canon Inc | Developing device for image forming device |
US5283617A (en) | 1991-09-10 | 1994-02-01 | Xerox Corporation | Development apparatus employing magnetic field shapers |
US5376997A (en) | 1992-02-13 | 1994-12-27 | Konica Corporation | Rotating sleeve-type magnetic brush cleaning device |
JPH0895388A (en) * | 1994-09-20 | 1996-04-12 | Minolta Co Ltd | Carrier recovering device |
US6047154A (en) * | 1997-09-22 | 2000-04-04 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Developing apparatus |
US6336013B1 (en) * | 1999-04-09 | 2002-01-01 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Image forming apparatus and process cartridge having magnet to prevent toner scattering |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20070292166A1 (en) * | 2006-06-15 | 2007-12-20 | Xerox Corporation | Electrostatographic developer unit having multiple magnetic brush rolls with a magnetic restrictor for carrier particle emission control |
US7356292B2 (en) | 2006-06-15 | 2008-04-08 | Xerox Corporation | Electrostatographic developer unit having multiple magnetic brush rolls with a magnetic restrictor for carrier particle emission control |
US20090116878A1 (en) * | 2007-11-05 | 2009-05-07 | Xerox Corporation | Color switching architecture |
US20090128135A1 (en) * | 2007-11-20 | 2009-05-21 | Xerox Corporation | Magnet scanner |
US7919962B2 (en) | 2007-11-20 | 2011-04-05 | Xerox Corporation | Magnet scanning device that scans a cylindrical magnet along a helical path |
US20090232543A1 (en) * | 2008-03-14 | 2009-09-17 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Developing device of image forming apparatus |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR0306027A (en) | 2004-08-31 |
JP2004199055A (en) | 2004-07-15 |
EP1445659A2 (en) | 2004-08-11 |
US20040114957A1 (en) | 2004-06-17 |
EP1445659A3 (en) | 2011-06-01 |
MXPA03011503A (en) | 2004-09-10 |
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Owner name: XEROX CORPORATION, CONNECTICUT Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MASHAM, ROGER D.;REEL/FRAME:014025/0182 Effective date: 20030428 |
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Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362 |
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