US678215A - Apparatus for gas analysis. - Google Patents

Description

No. 678,215. Patented m 9, 1901.

m. ARNDT.

APPARATUS FOR GAS-ANALYSIS.

(Applicltion filed In. 3. 1900.)

2 Sheets-Shoat I.

(No Model.)

Zfdnes ey W W WM N0. 678,2l5. Patented July 9, I901.

m. ARNDTQ APPARATUS FOR GAS ANALYSIS;

(Application filed .Im. a, 1900. (Ila Modal.) 2 Sheets- -Sheat 2.

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UNITED STATES PAT NT OEErcE.

MAX ARNDT, OF AIX-LA-OHAPELLE, GERMANY.

APPARATUS FOR GAS ANALYSIS.

s'PEcrrIcATIoN forming part of Letters Patent No. 678,215, dated July 9, 1901.

Application filed January 3,1900- Serial No. 285- (No model.)

T0 aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, MAX ARNDT, a subject of the King of Prussia, German Emperor, residing at Aix-la-Ohapelle, Germany, have invented a new and useful Apparatus for Determining the Quantity in Percentage Volume of a Particular Gas in a Gaseous Mixture, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to an apparatus for determining the quantity in percentage volume of a particular gas ina gaseous mixture. With the apparatus of the invention the-use for this purpose of cocks, valves, or flexible tubes adapted to be-squeezed andreleased from pressure is avoided,and instead of the same other and peculiar means provided for admittingand shutting off the supply of gas.

The invention consists in an apparatus comprising a vessel containing a liquid seal and movable up and down and a holder or vessel for the reception of the gaseous mixture to be analyzed and in communication with the liquid-seal vessel, the outlet-tube of this gasholder having a bell-mouth or receiver-shaped end and penetrating therein in the manner that its bottom open end comes above the gasinlet, andthe uppermost part of which gasholder is in connection with a vessel supplied with an absorbing medium, so that the sealing liquid entering the gas-holder, by reason of the ascent of the movable liquid-seal vessel, first shuts off the supply of gaseous mixture to the gas-holder, then closes the outlet from this latter, and finally forces the gaseous mixture from the gas-holder into the vessel containing the absorbing medium.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a part-sectional elevation of the apparatus of the invention, and Fig. 2 is a similar view of a modified form of construction of the same.

1 is the gaseous-mixture-supply tube, in communication through a tube-bend 1 with the scalable tube 2, communicating above with the gas-space and below with the liquidspace of the gas-holder 3, which latter is provided with a gas-outlet tube or by-pass" pipe 4 or 4 and with a scale 5. Said gas-holder communicates through a flexible tube 6 with a vessel 7, supplied with a sealing liquid 8. The point of junction of the tube-bend'lflconnecting the gas-supply tube 1 with the sealable tube 2, is locatedlower than the mouth of the gas-outlet tube 4, but higher than the point of junction of the tube-bend '2 with the liquid-space of the gas-holder 3. Below the tube-bend 1 the sealable tube2 and the gas-holder 3 are always charged with sealing liquid 8 in order when the gas-holder is being charged with gas to prevent this from passing'through the siphon-like bend 2. The zero mark of the scale 5 is placed at the point where the gas passes into the gasoutlet tube 4 or 4?. able tube 2 extends a narrow tube 9, which is connected, by means of a narrow flexible tube 10, with an absorbing-chamber 11 in which for the purpose of increasing the absorbing surface any suitable objects may be placed-for instance, spheres 12*, as shown, or tubes. The absorbing chamber 11 is charged with a gas-absorbingliquid 12 from a chamber or vessel'll, which is in communication by a flexible tube 13 with a vessel 14. The chamber 11 is located immediately underneath the chamber 11 and communicates therewith through orifices 11.

Access of air to the absorbing liquid 12 is prevented by means of a flexible (india-rubber) bag 16, which is in communication with the vessel 14 through a flexible tube 15. Said flexible bag also serves when the apparatus is in a state of rest to place the pressure of the air in the air-compressing space 14 in equilibribum with the atmosphere.

The apparatus is adapted to be utilized by hand in the following manner: The vessel 7 being in its lowest position, the gas-holder 3 is charged with the gaseous mixture to be analyzed through tubes 1 2, the gas-holder 3 itself, and gas-on tlet tube 4 in the direction of arrowsI and II, (or it may be inversely.) The vessel 7 is then raised so high that the sealing liquid 8' fills the tube-bend 1 between W tube 1 and the sealable tube 2, which latter is thereby shut off from the tube 1, and therefore from the source of the gas-supply. Upon further raising the vessel 7 a portion of the gas present in the gasholder 3 and tube 2 will escape by the gasoutlet tube 4 as it is pressed upward by the ascending sealing liquid 8 until the tube 4is in turn shut off from the tube 2. At this time the gas-holder 3 and tube 2 will contain gaseous mixture at atmospheric pressure for analysis, the scale 5 having percentage-vol From the top of the sealume divisions to correspond to this volume of gaseous mixture. If the vessel 7 is now raised so high that the sealing liquid 8 rises to the narrow tube 9, said liquid will in rising force all the gas from the gas-holder and tube 2 through tube 10 into the absorbing-chamber 11, and, further, from this latter a portion of the absorbing liquid 12 through tube 13 into the vessel 14, and in consequence thereof a portion of the air let inolosed in the same through tube 15 into the flexible (india-rubher) bag 16, in which there is always atmospheric pressure. The gaseous mixture thus withdrawn from the gas-holder is now in the absorbing-chamber 11 and consequently in intimate contact with the absorbing liquid 12 or with the absorbing spheres or bodies 12, packed in said absorbing-chamber with interstices in between them, so that the gas whose'quantity is to be ascertained becomes chemically combined with and therefore absorbed by the absorbing liquid 12that is to say, separated from the gaseous mixture. Separating the absorbingchamber 11 from the chamber or vessel 11, containing chemical, is a perforated support or partition 11, on which the balls 12 rest. In this way the volume of the gaseous mixture is diminished in proportion to the percentage-volume contents of the gas whose quantity is to be ascertained. The completion of the absorbing process in the chamber 11 is shown by the absorbing liquid 12 in the vessel 1% ceasing to fall when the vessel 7 is in the raised position or to rise in the absorbing-chamber 11. If the vessel 7 is then lowered, the sealing liquid 8 will draw the gas residuum still remainin g inthe absorbing-chamber back again into the gas-holder 3, and so soon as this is done the absorbingliquid 12 will have flowed back to the same level in the two vessels 11 and 14. If now the vessel 7 is held so high that the sealing liquid 8 comes to the same level in vessels 7 and 3, the volume of gas absorbed from the original gaseous mixture can at the level taken by the liquid be read ofi": direct on the scale 5 of the vessel or gas holder 3. Upon again lowering the vessel 7, and consequently also the sealing liquid 8, into the lowest or commencing position the tube 2 will be again opened and the apparatus thereby placed in readiness for a fresh analysis.

The great simplicity of the apparatus is attained by employing means which enable valves, cooks, and flexible tubes adapted to be squeezed and released to be dispensed with, whereby any one can carry out a gas analysis with the greatest ease simply by raising and lowering the sealing liquid 8 in the gas-holder '3.

Instead of the sealing-liquid vessel 7a cylinder with a piston or membrane or the like may also be employed in a known manner.

The movements of liquid and gas in the gastubes 1 and 4, which occur upon the m0vement of the liquid 8 in the gas-holder 3, are

of no importance so far as the gas analysis is concerned. Further, the extremely small quantity of gas that maybe diffused through the narrow tube 9 and the narrow flexible tube 10 into the absorbing-chamber 11 upon the charging of the gas-holder 3 is of no consequence as regards the absorbing process and has no appreciable effect thereon.

In the modified form of construction shown in Fig. 2 an air-tube 17 extends from above the air-compressing space over the absorbing liquid 12 in the vessel 11. The opposite end of said air-tube opens into a bell-mouth receiver 20, which dips into the sealing liquid 19, supplied to the vessel 18, and is connected through a rod 20 with a recording-lever 22, adapted to oscillate on a pin-joint 21. This recording-lever carries, through a rod 23, a marking-stud 23, movable against a paper strip placed upon a drum 25, which is driven around by a clockwork mechanism or by other suitable mechanism. On the screw-threaded arm 22 of the lever 22 are provided adjustable weights 22 by means of Which the weight of the receiver 20 and marking-stud is balanced, so that the latter is actuated upon the slightest variation of the airpressure in the receiver 20. A filter 1 may be interposed in the gaseous-mixture-supply tube 1 and also a similar filter in the gas-discharge tube 4.

The apparatus of Fig. 2 works in quite an analogous manner to that of Fig. 1. The only difference is that in the former when the gas is driven out of the gas-holder 3 into the absorbing-chamber 11 the absorbing liquid 12 then to some extent falling in the same is pressed out through orifices 11 into the vessel 11, inclosing the absorbing-chamber 11, and rises in the vessel 11, so that the air present in this vessel above the absorbing liquid 12 is forced through tube 15 and flexible tube 15 into the india-rubber bag 16, orin part also through tube 17 into the receiver 20 of the recording mechanism. By the more or less deep insertion of the tube 15 into the airspace of the vessel 11, Fig. 2, or of the vessel 14, Fig. 1, any desirable portion of the compressed air maybe driven into the india-rubher bag in order that the whole volume of the air shall not pass to underneath the receiver 20, and thus render necessary a paper strip of excessive height around the recording drum.

Supposing it to be desired to analyze a gaseous mixture never containing more than twenty per cent. of the gas whose quantity is to be ascertained, the air-tube 15 is in this case so adjusted that its bottom orifice is shut off by the aseending-absorbing liquid 12 at the moment when the air under compression has attained eighty per cent. of the volume of the gas in the gas-holder 3 and tube 2. That quantity of air again further compressed can then only take its way through the air-tube 17 to the receiver 20, so that this at once ascends and causes the marking-stud 23 to draw a line upon the paper strip 25, which will be the higher the greater the quantity of air forced into the receiver 20-that is to say, the smaller the quantity or percentage volume of the gas absorbed in the absorbing-chamber from the gaseous mixture supplied to the apparatus. Consequently the zero-point is the highest point on the paper strip and the twentieth division-line the lowest point, so that the measure of the absorbed gas is not the length of the marked line, but the distance of its end point from the zero point or line. If, for example, the intercepted gaseous mixture is smoke-gas and the absorbing liquid 12 potashlye, then the former upon passing over into the absorbing-chamber 11 has its carbonic acid absorbed, and supposing the markingstud 23 to rise the height of nine divisionlines of the paper strip 25 said carbonic acid is eleven per cent. of the volume of the smokegas. Thus the free space remaining above the recording-line marked on the paper strip and up to the zero-point corresponds to the percentage volume of the absorbed gas which is read off from above downward.

According to the kind of absorbing liquid used the contents of different kinds of gas in a gaseous mixture can be absorbed and the percentage volume of the same determined for example, oxygen by means of pyrogallate or carbonic oxid by means of cupric chlorid.

That I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination with a measuring-chamber, inlet and by-pass tubes, means for liquidsealing said tubes in the order named; of an absorption-chamber connected with the measin g-chamber, means for conducting gas thereto and for varying the height of liquid chemical therein, substantially as set forth.

2. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination with a measuring-chamber, inlet and by-pass pipes connected to the measuring-chamber at different levels,- and means for closing both pipes, of avessel containing chemical, an absorption-chamber connected with the latter and the measuringchamber, a device for forcing chemical from the vessel to the absorption chamber and means for transferring the contents of the measuring-chamber to the absorption-chamber and vice versa, substantially as described and shown.

3. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination with a measuring-chamber, a tube connecting the top and bottom of said chamber, an inlet and an outlet tube at different levels in combination with an absorption-chamber, and a receptacle for chemical forming part of the latter, means for forcing chemical from the receptacle to the absorption-chamber,devices in the absorption-chamber for exposing a large'su'rface of chemical to the gas, and means for closing the inlet and outlet tubes in the measuring-chamber'and forcing gas into the absorption-chamber and vice Versa, substantially as described and shown.

4. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination With a measuring-chamber, a tube connecting the top and bottom of said chamber, an inlet-tube connected to the latter tube and a bypass tube from said chamber above the level of the inlet-tube, means for sealing the inlet and outlet tubes with a sealing liquidand for expelling gas from said chamber, of an absorption-chamber connected to the gas-chamber, a receptacle for chemical forming part thereof, a gas-holder connected to said absorption-chamber,and means for recording variation of volume in said chamber, substantially as described and shown.

5. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination with a measuring-chamber its inlet and by-pass pipes and means for liquid sealing the same and emptying the chamber; of an absorption vessel connected with the measuring-chamber, a gas-holder for said vessel organized to be automatically out ofi therefrom,- a gasometer connected with said absorption vessel and a lever-operated record ing-style connected to said gasometer, sub stantially as describedand shown.

6. Man apparatus of the class described, the combination with a measuring-chamber, of an absorption-chamber connected therewith, a receptacle for chemical forming part thereof a gas-holder connected to the absorption chamber and organized to be sealed therefrom by the chemical therein, a gasometer connected with said chamber, a weighted lever connected to the gasometer, a stylus operated by the lever and a recording-strip periodically moved past said stylus, substantially as described and shown.

7. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination with a measuring-chamber and a vessel containing a sealing liquid having a flexible tubular connection therewith, of an absorption-chamber connected with the measuring-chamber, means in said chamber for exposing a large surface of chemical to said gas, a vessel containing chemical connected to the bottom of said chamber by a flexible tube, a gas-holder and a gasometer connected to said chamber the former arranged to be sealed by the chemical from said chamber, a two-armed lever, weights adjustable on one arm thereof and the other arm connected to the gasometer, a stylus moved vertically by said lever and organized to trace a record on a periodically-movable strip during the stationary intervals of said strip, substantially as described and shown.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my name in presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

MAX ARNDT.

Witnesses:

E. M. BRUNDAGE, O. E. BRUNDAGE.

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