US1124432A - Gas-analysis apparatus. - Google Patents

Description

G. W. HEATH.

GAS ANALYSIS APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED MAR. s, 1914.

Patented Jan. 12, 1915.

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GAS ANALYSIS APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 5, 1914.

1,124,432, l 'Patented Jan.12,1915.

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CHARLES W. HEATH, OF CINCIlN'lhTAfllZlI,l OHIO.

GAS-ANALYSIS APPARATUS.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. t2, 1945.

Application filed March 5, 1914; Serial No. 822,571.

To all whom it may concern:

vBe it known that I, CHARLES W. HEATH, a citizen of the United States, and residing at Cincinnati, in the county of Hamilton and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Gras-Analysis Apparatus, of which the following isa speci- My invention relates to means for making successive analyses of gases and indicating or recording such analyses; and its object 1sv to provide a simple and economically constructed apparatus of this character which will operate accurately and require a minimum of attention to keep it in working order.

My invention consists in the parts and in the details of construction and arrangement of parts as will hereinafter be more fully described and claimed.

In the drawings: Figure 1 is, a vertical sectional diagrammatic view of apparatus embodying my invention; Fig. 2 is a verticalA section of modified absorbing and measuring means; Fig. 3 is a further modification of the same; Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional elevation of the lower part of my apparatus with another modification of theabsorbing and measuring means and also of the means for retaining the temperature uniform throughout the apparatus; and Fig. 5 is a further 'modification of the absorbingand measuring means shown in Fig. 4, wherein solid instead of liquid absorbing material is used.

, As illustrated herein, the device is especially adapted for making fre uent recoeds of the percenta e of car on ioXid in the gases leaving a urnace; although it will be understood that the apparatus may be adaptgases other than furnace gases to ascertain the percentage of some constituent of the gas, -whatever it mayibe.

As shown herein, the supply pipe 1 leads from the furnace or other source of gas suppl from which samples ofi gas are to be This pipe 1 leads through the side of a first measuring vessel 2 and has a downward and upward bend, at the bottom of which is an opening 3, on the interior of said vessel. This vessel iprefl erably comprises a lower main part 4 and anupper measuring chamber 5 communicating with the lower chamber 4 through a vcontracted neck 6. This lower chamber 4 has a l pipe communicating with its interior close to its bottom and this pipe leads upwardly i and over to the .interior of a stand-pipe or tank 8, from the bottom of which leads the shorter leg 9 of a siphon which, extending upward, communicates through the bend 10 with the longer leg 11 of the siphon. The shorter leg 9 is provided with a bulb l2 to cause the siphon to run smoothly. Supplying water to the stand pipe or tank 8 is a pipe 18, which may communicate with any suitable source of water supply, so that it affords a small but regular supply of water to the interior of the stand pipe 8, which, for clearness, is indicated in the drawing as leaving the pipe 13 in the form of distinct drops, although a small continuous-stream is generally used, so that, in any case, the stand pipe is vslowly but steadily filled with water up to the level of the bend 10 in the si'phon, whereupon the Siphon acts, and the p 13. When the water rises in the stand pipe 8, it flows over through the pipe 7 into the lower chamber 4 of the iirst measuring vessel 2, but as the gas to be analyzed is to be drawn into this vessel 2', and as water obtained from ordinary sources usually contains substances that will absorb some of the constituents of the gas or otherwise intluence the gas,- and as it is necessary in practice to use such water on account of the quantity required for a'continuous supply, it is necessary to prevent the contact of this water with the gas that is supplied through they pipe 1 for analysis. I provide for this by placing a considerablequantity of oil 14 in the vessel 2, which, being of specific gravity less than that of the water, will remain in a distinct body supported or floating upon the water in said vessel. Thus the gas to be analyzed will come into contact only with the oil 14, which may be an oil which will not absorb a constituent of the gas.

Leading from the vessel 2 above the pipel vis the surplus-gas outlet pipe l5, which, as

ted lines. As here shown, this check valve consists of a fiexible flap 17, one side of which is fixed to abase 18 fitting around the terminal part 19 of the pipe 15. This flap 17 may be of thin rubber or other suitable material. bulb 20 is provided in the surplusgas outlet pipe to add to its capacity, for reasons which will hereinafter be more fully described.` Leading from the top of the gas-collection chamber 5 of the vessel 2 s the delivery tube'21 through which the gas is forced out ofthe first measuring chamber 2.

With the construction thus far described,

and withthe water periodically rising and falling in the stand. pipe 8, the body of oil 14 will be periodically forced upward and allowed to descend in the iirst measuring ves sel 2 and in the tube 21 leading therefrom. When the oil v14 is down to the level shown the previous analysis will not be carried in the drawing it will have drawn a quantity or charg of gas in through the pipe 1, which gas wlll occupy the upper space in the lower chamber' 4 of the vessel 2 and in the neck 6 and measuring chamber 5, as well as tendng to rise through the tube 21. The

stand pipe 8 now steadily filling, the oil 14 l will be forced up under the head of water thus accumulating, and will firstA form a liquid seal in the bend of the supply pipe 1 adjacent tothe opening 3, and then continue rising and force part of the gas out of the vessel 2 through the gas outlet pipe 15, pushing the valve 16 open, so that the gas thus escapes to the atmosphere. This ejection of surplus gas continues until the oil has sealed the mouth of this surplus-gas outlet pipe 15, whereupon it will have closed off a definite volume of gas in the measuring chamber 5, which is the volume of gas to be analyzed. The valve 16, being under atmospheric pressure, and being very light, will insure a constant pressure in each charge of As the oill 14 continues to be forced up, it forces the gas out of the measuring chamber 5 into the tube 21. This tubev21 is provided witha bulb 22 so that any oil which may adhere to the lower end of the tube 21 from slightly arched top 24 and three necks 25.

26 and 27, and also having a suitable drain outlet28 with closing. means 29 near its bot-` Y tom. The neck 25 in the center of the bottle has a stopper 30 with `an opening through which the tube 21 extends, fitting tightly therewith.k This tube 21 extends down near to the bottomof the vessel 23'and'1s sur erably having material 32 such as fine iron .wire or shavings, with interstices, held in a mass around the upper opening of the tube 31, and some distance down on the outside therefrom.

'I he neck 26 has a stopper 33 with an opening through which a stem 34 extends down into the vessel, fitting tightly into the stopper 33; and-the upper end of this stem has a float chamber 35 with a graduated neck 36 in which a 4lioat 37 may pass up or down. The other neck 27, at the opposite side of the vessel 23, has a stopper 38, and an escape tube 39 extends down through an opening in this stopper communicating with the interior of the vessel 23 at the bottom of the stopper and fitting the opening in the stopper tightly. This escape tube 39 extends up above the level of the bend 10 in the Siphon and then extends over and downward and opens into the stand pipe or tank 8 a short distance above the opening of the pipe 7 therein.

In order to maintain the same temperature in the first measuring vessel 2 and in the combined absorption andmeasuring vessel 23, I may lead the supply of water for the stand pipe or tank 8 through the combined absorption and measuring vessel 23. Thus, each of the Stoppers 33 and 38 in the i necks 26 and 27, respectively, has a second opening. Through the opening'in the stopper 33 the supply pipe 13 extends some distance down into the vessel 2 3, and another section 13a of the supply pipe extends through this other opening in the other stopper 38 some distance down into the vessel 24. A. flexible tube 40 is coiled around in the interior of the vessel 24 andits respective ends are slipped over the ends of the pipes 13 and 13 inside the vessel. Thus, the water, before it is supplied to the stand pipe 8, must pass around through the flexible .coil 40. This tends to equalize the temperatures of the driving liquid, and absorbing and measuring liquids in vessel 23 and thus insure ing. y

The fioat 37, as here shown, hasa vrod'43V fixed to it and extending up throughla guide- 44, with its upprr and provided'with suitable record-making means 45 to coact with a ychart 46, which is made to revolve at a constant rate, so that the relative height of the float 37 at different times may be re corded on this chart 46. rlhe details of this recording mechanism, not forming part of the present invention. need not be further described or illustrated herein.

A quantity of liquid 47 is placed in the co-mbined absorption and measuring vessel 23, this liquid being such that it will absorb a constituent of the gas, the percentage of which constituent is to be determined. Thus, in analysis of furnace gas for carbon dioxid, the liquid 47 will be caustic potash. Upon top of this liquid 47 is placed a quantity of mineral oil 48 which, owing to its specific gravity being less than thatof the of oil 4S outside the tube.

liquid 47, will remain in a distinct body above the liquid 47. This oil 48 is excluded from the interior of the absorption tube 31 however, and in here the liquid 47 rises to a height at which" it is balanced by the body The stem 37 be fore mentioned terminatesabove'the level of the absorbing liquid 47 outside the tube 31,l`

so that at no time is this stem exposed to any liouid other than the oil 48.

`When .the oil 14 is forcedl up and discharges the definite volume of gas from the measuring chamber 5 into thev tube 21, this gas is forced up through the tube and over and down into the interior of the vessel 23, where it escapes inside the absorption tube 3l and bubbles up through the absorption liquid 47 inside the tube, as indicated by the small arrows, and passing-up into the neck 25 and then outward into the space 49 above the oil 48, being compelled to pass through the interstices. of the material 32. The tube 31 is suiciently narrow to cause the bubbles on rising through it to carry small bodies of the absorbing liquid 47 out over the top of said tube where it wets the filtering materialthrough which the gas must pass. The

vbubbling of the gas through the absorption liquid inside the tube 31 greatly contributes to the completenessof absorption owing to the rolling action of the bubbles which brings each particle of the gas in contact with the absorbing liquid. The gas that escapes into the space 49 above the oil 48 will be the residue, and this would now escape from the vessel 23 through the escape tube 39 were it not that this tube has been sealed by the rising of the Water in`the stand pipe or tank @which rise of water has caused the oil 14 to be forced up and-forced the gas from the first measuring vessel 2 over into the combined absorption and measuring vessel 23. The gas, being unable to escape, will press down on the upper surface of the pil 48. and since the absorption liquid 47 is 1ncompressible, the oil 48 will be forced up through the tube 34-a1idinto the float chamber 35 where it will raise the float 37. The rise of this float 37 will be. indicated on the graduated neck 36, and, if the recording mechanism be used, will be recorded on the chart 46. rPhe greater the volume of the residue entering the space above the oil 48, the farther will the oil be forced up through the stem34 and into they iioat chamber 35, and the farther will the float 37 be raised. The markings of the chart 46 are such that a greater rise of the float 37 will vindicate a lesser percentage of constituent absorbed from the gas, so that the percentage of absorbed constituent is ydetermined .by a subtracting process With the volumevof residue as a basis for the calculation.

When the liquid in the stand pipe 8 has reached the level of the bend 10 in the siphon the Siphon will be started to work, automatically, and the liquid will commence to fall in the stand pipe 8, and supply pipe 1, as will also the oil 14 in the upper part of the rst measuring vessel 2 and emptying the entrance of the delivery pipe 21. The measured quantity of gas having been forced over into the combined absorption and measuring vessel 23, the fall of the oil 14 will now create a partial vacuum in the delivery tube 21, gas measuring chamber 2, and upf per partof the lower chamber 4 of the first measuring vessel 2. Atmospheric air will `be prevented from entering the first measuring vessel 2 by the actio-n of the check valve 16 which will close tightly under the atmospheric pressure; but as soon as the partial vacuum begins to exist a new charge of gas will begin to enterbubbling up through the As'o oil and will ill the space above the oil,

ready to be forced over into the combined absorption 'and measuring chamber 23 through the delivery tube 21 when the o-il 14 is forced up the next time. An upward extension 50 from the bend adjacent to the opening 3 in the supply pipe 1 serves to guide the incoming bubbles of Igas away from the mouth of'the surplus-gas outlet tube.

Some slight leakage of the valve 16 under atmospheric pressure, as the oil 14 falls in the vessel 2, is liable to occur; and since it is highly important to prevent any 'mixture or atmospheric air with the charge of gas that is to be analyzed, I make the volume of the surplus-gas outlet-tube 15 so great with respect to the rapidity of action of the device, as determined by the rapidity of rise and fall of water in the stand pipe 8, that the maximum amount of atmospheric air that may enter, even when the valve 16 would beleaking considerably, will not be sufficient to ill the pipe 15- and emerge into the interior of the vessel 2 during the interval of time required for the oil 14 to fall and then rise again to the point where it can vseal the mouth of said pipe 15. It is for the purpose of insuring ample capacity'for the pipe l5 under all operating conditions' bulb is not usually needed, because the lengthh of the pipe 15 itself gives it suicient capacity and usually there is very little trouble caused from the valve leaking.

When the water falls in the 'stand pipe 8, as just described, it unseals the opening of the escape tube'39 into the stand pipe 8, and then the residue-that was held above the oil 48 in the combined absorption and measuring chamber Q3 will escape up through this tube and over and down into the stand pipe 8 and from there to the atmosphere, assisted by the pressure of the oil 48, which will then fall from the ioat chamber 35 through the stem 34 and regain its position as shown in the drawing ready to be forced up again by the residue from the next charge of gas analyzed.

. .'Ihe above operations will continue periodically, and with the recording apparatus a 'corresponding number of markings will be made on the chart 46 in ,locations therearound corresponding to the periods of analysis; and with its locations numbered properly, as by indicating the hours of the day, and With the chart rotated at the proper rate, as by Va clock mechanism properly regulated, a chronological-.record of percentages will be made upon the chart 46 due to these periodicahoperations of my apparatus.

' In analyzing flue gases, the considerable quantity of moisture contained therein is condensed in theL first measuring vessel and also in the absorption means, especially where these containers are surroundedl by water as in the tank 42,... In my apparatus this moisture is'not carried-over into the absorption and residue-m( asuring .means, but sinks through the-oilylfand --mingles with the actuating liquid, bein( carried 'out therewith into ythe Siphon an fromthere discharged. Where this moistureis not condensed at the beginning vofthe 'measuring of the charge of gas,

be carried over to the absorptionrliquid, it.

but-is allowed to dilutes the liquid and reduces its eliiciency as an absorbing medium, and increases its volume, so that after the Japparatus hasv been operated for a while the absorption vessel would 'be entirely filled with liquid. Inmpparatus where this is allowed it is necessary to frequently draw absorbing liquid as' well strength on account of thel collection .of moisture from the gas that svbeing analyzed; and vto have special means to drainl the `first measuring vessel.

.My utilization of the upon the heavier actuating liquld in the first measuring vessel, and my useofthe. lighter oif some vof the as to renew 1 its y lighter liquid 14 .g

liquid 48 on the heavier absorption liquid- 47 in the absorption and measuring vessel, are analogous in allowing a liquid collected above the lighter liquid to sink down through thel lighter liquid-and mingle with the heavy liquid below. In each instance the liquid collecting in the space above the lighter liquid is prevented from passing from this space to a succeeding part of the apparatus where it would -be highly objectionable, but is allowed to pass freely to a body of liquid with which it is congruent, and where it is not objectionable, but is adapted to unite with this body of liquid and contribute to the performance of its particular function.

By placing the oil 48 above the absorption liquid 47 I am enabled touse the single vessel 23 and thereby greatly simplify the apparatus, and, at the same time, the indicating and registering device comprising the float 37 is not affected by the absorption liquid 47, as usualy occurs Where a solution, suc as caustic potalsh, is-used, as the absorbing liquid and this solution 'on coming incontact with the air crystallizes on the float or other element of the indicating and recording apparatus. Since only oil enters the float chamber and comes in contact with the iioat 37, there is no crystalliza-` tion or other accumulationv in this part of the apparatus, so that the weight of the ioat is maintained uniform and there is no obstruction or friction to modify the action of the float.

In addition to the elimination of crystallization in the measuring apparatus comprising the float 37, the corroding iniuences of the absorbent solution are also eliminated in this part of the apparatus, so that I am enabled to constructl wha-t influence the absorbent liquid might have thereon. Thus, these part'sfmay be made of copper or brass or any other convenient material which would be corroded by su h absorbent solutions as caustic potash, and the presence of solder in the con struction of these parts will be permissible. Where absorbent solutions, like caustic potash, arev allowed to enter the delicate measuring means it hasgenerally been necessary to construct these partsv of blown glass,` which is expensive and, owing to their necessary ineness, extremely fragile. It will thus be seen that by the provisions'herein described I am enabled to provide amore economically constructed and more durable and practical device. p

By employin the absorption tube 31 withinl this sing e' vessel 23 and causing the as to bubble -up through it, a passage throu h the oil is afforded forthe gas, and the a sorption liquid is made to circulate lso mariages and bring a constant supply of new particles into contact with the gas, so Vthat the -full absorption capacity of the body of liquid 47 is utilized and it is therefore unnecessary to renew it so frequently. rllhis absorption tube 31, extending above the body of oil 48, thus allows the escape of the residue from the absorption liquid on the interior of this tube to press on the upper surface of the oil. Thus, the measuring is accomplished by' a liquid in the same vessel With the absorption liquid, Without changing the position of the absorption liquid or acting upon it in any substantial manner, but at the same time allowing a thoroughly effective circulation and contact of gas and absorption liquid which is nothad Where the gas merely makes ontact with the surface of the absorption liquid either previous to the passage of this residue to a separate vessel for measurement, or for direct action upon the absorption liquid' to cause it to act in indicating or recording the measurement of the residue. Thus, while the vadvantage of prolonged contact of the absorbent liquid with the gas or residue is attained, the absorbent liquid thus present above the oil 48 cannot enter the stem 34 or chamber With any materially greater facility than can the main body of absorbent liquid.

The maintenance of .a uniform temperature in the initial charge ofgas and in 'the residue is highly important on"account of the great change of volume which a gas undergoes upon a slight bhange-of tempera# ture. l have greatlyfacilitated this maintenance of uniform temperature throughout .the different parts of the apparatus. by having the oil 14 in direct contact with the actuating liquid that enters the first -measuring vessel 2 through the passage 7 and by having Ithe oil 48 in direct contact with the absorbent solution '47 inthe combined absorbing and measuring means. Thus, the actuating liquid or water passing through the tubes 13, 40 and 13 must pass first through the oil 48 then through the absorbing liquid 47 and thenl again through the oil 48, and then coming from the stand pipe 9 through the pipe 7 will come into direct contact with the oil 14 in the iirst measuring vessel. These respective liquids in the first measuring vessel -and in the combined alb'- sorption and measuring. device are directly in contact, and 'thereby bestadapted to be of the same temperature; and are maintained distinct by no more complicated means than their differences in specific grav-` ity; While each liquid is adapted to perform lits peculiar function Without having such performance interfered with or modified by the other' liquidl to the detriment of the analysis.

The flexible tube 40 coiled inside the ves- .sel f28` maybe .of rubber Where the liquid 47 which it is submerged in is caustic potfash, but it is terminated below the body of oil 48 since'the rubber would be deteriorated by the oil. The Atubes'l and 13a to which the flexible 4tube 40 is connected are preferably of glass, they extendingdown through be almost a saturated solution, if required,

and no articular' attention need be given to its specific gravity at any time, as in devices lwhere vthis liquid is used as the meas-- uring medium and wherein its specific gravity ymust be maintained constant so that it .will always rise an equal distance under the pressure of any given amount of residue.v

ln my apparatus, using oil as a measuring medium, an oil may be selected Whichwill not evaporate or crystallize, and which will` not change its specific gravity, and which will not corrode metals; so that no Weight or obstruction is added in the measuring or indicating device, no discrepancy is encountered due to change of specific gravity of the measuring liquid, and economy of materials .and durability are attained, as before alluded to. A

When the residue emerges from the upper end of the tube 31 into the neck 25,'it has carried particles of absorbing liquid up with it, and when it passes through theinterstices of the material 32, most of these particles will be trappedin this material: also these particles of absorbent liquid will be deposited on the under side of the vtop 24, which. is preferably arched as shown, and

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these particles will collect and run down to the edge of the vessel 23. rlhis a'ords a vrconsiderable exposure `of absorbent lliquid in the space 49 so that the Contact of the gas or residue with the absorbent liquid is `the under surface of -thetop'24 will run along `this under surface dow-n to. the edges' of the oil 48 and will then slnk-rapldly through the oil and return to the main body of absorbentliquid below-the oil.

As shown in Fig. 2, the vessel 23 has the absorption' tube Y,31 and filtering material 32 omitted, and the gas escapes trom the'bottom of the tube 21 and is disseminated throughout the body of absorption liquid 47, from which the residue bubbles up through the oil 48 to the space 49 there-V above, and acts to push the oil 48. up through the stem 34 into the`f'loat chamber- 35 and its neck 36, to act'on the fioat 37 therein, as hereinbefore described. In this view, the pipes 13 and 1'3 'and the fiexible coil 40 .15 are also omitted, although it will be under- 47, so'that the .oil 48 floating on the absorptionliquid 47 does not. enter and is not in A contact with this tube, while the gas delivery tube 21 has-its lower end-56 bent upi ward and entering the lower end 54 of the absorption tube 53. ABy this means, the ab'- sorption liquid 47 is caused to circulate through the spiral absorption tube v53 along withthe gas delivered therein from the tube 21', so that a prolonged travel of the absorp- 85 tion liquid and as together, accompanied with ebullition, 1s caused and the-residue escapes from the upper end 5.5 of the absorption tube 53 and bubblesV up through the oil 48 to thel space 49 thereabove, to press on .40 the oil 48 as before described. No absorption liquid is carried into the space 49, but' ya very thorough absorptiony is effected during the circuitous passage of the gas through the absorption liquid, in-

45 side the tube 53, without Hthe effect of the prolonged. association' of the gas and absorption liquid in the space 49, such as is afforded by the apparatus as shown in Fig. 1. In Fig. 4, a separate vessel 57 is suspended |50 in the vessel 51 from "the removable top 52' f thereof, being.. as here shown. secured to the lower. end' of the stem 34 of the float chamber 35 by means of a voke 58'extending out lfrom the lower end of thestem34 and at,

tached to the bottom of the vessel 5.7, thereby leavin'gthe -low'erLend of the stem 34 open into the vessel 57. As here shown, the absorption tube 31 isprovided-similar to the vabsorption tube 31 'in the previous ex- `80 amples, but the filtering material 32 is omitted. It will be understood however,

that any of the foregoing forms of absorp' tion tubes may be used in thisconnection or.

l the absorption tube may be'omitted, asin Fig. 2. The body of4 oil 48 is contained in the vessel 5.7, and the vessel is sunken into the absorbent liquid 47' which is contained in the vessel 51. The top of the vessel 57 being open, the residue in the space 49 may press upon the surface of the oil 48and cause it to rise through the stem 34 into the float chamber 35 and its neck 36, to act on the float 37 as described with reference to the preceding examples. Since the particles of absorbent liquid will Le carried up and deposited on the under side of the top 52 to run down therealong back to the main body of liquid, it maybe desirable to provide ashield 59 over the top of the vessel 57, soV that the absorbing liquid will not drop into the oil 48 in this vessel 57; the shield however, leaving free communication between the space v4 9 and the surface of the oil 48 in the Vessel`57. 1

Another modification, shown in Fig. 4, is that of the -means for insuring uniform temperature throughout the apparatus. stead of passing pipes 13. a`nd13a into the absorbing and measuring vessel v51 the pipe 13 and the pipe 13 .forming part of the supplv to the stand pipe or tank 8 are connected to opposite ends of a circulating'coil 60which is submerged in the water 41 in the tank 42 between the absorbing and meas -uring vessel 51 and the adjacent end of the tank.l The temperatures f the water supplied to the stand pipe 8 and of the water 41 at this end of the ltank are equalized by this means, as well as due to the stand pipe 8 and-its Siphon and the first measuring vessel 2 being submerged in the Water 41 at that end. The circulation of the actuating liquid through coils outside the absorbing vessel in the vwater 41 obviates the necessity of using a flexible tube submerged in caustic potash where a Wulf bottle is used, as shown 1n Fig.` 1, which arrangement is not so desirable as one like that shown in Fig. 4,

-because even the best of rubber `tubing is deteriorated in a short time by the caustic potash or other active chemical used asthe absorbing medium. v i

In Fig. 5, 'the absorbing and measuring vessel 51 is used, and the vessel 57 is suspended therein as'described with reference vto Fig. 4, andcontains the oil 48', butin- .stead of .the absorbent medium being a liquid it issupplied in the form of flakes vor sticks 47 E with which the vessel 51 is filled Vwithin the mass of absorbent material, and

preferably has a baille 61 extending out all around its lower end to spread the gas out masses around the sides of vthevessei at the bottom and cause it to be disseminated throughout themass of sticks or vflakes of absorbent maf terial 47a, which will absorb the -desired constituent and allow the residue-itc pass into the space 49a and act on the oil L18 in the manner hereinbefore described; y

Where the vessel 4is provided with a removable topforvthe introduction of the interior details it is preferably made of iron wherel caustic Vpotash is used as the absorbingmedium, and the gas delivery tube 2L. or 2l as the case may be,and the stem 34 l or 34 as thef case may be, as .well as the escape tube 39 in any of the examples, pass through theo/over of the vessel with suitable lock nuts 62 as shown, these locknutsas well as the connection of the cover tothe vessel being providedswith ysuitable means,

such as gaskets, to' insure against escape of the gas or residue from the vesseL it will be understood', with reference v the various modificationsshown, that-the scribed herein, butr peculiar details thereof are interchangeable amori them; and also that various other modi ications/may be found desirable; and ll do not Wish to be understood as being lim.- ited to any of the details .specically de- What I claim as new and desire to ,secure l by Letters Patent is: f X

1. In gas-analysis apparatus, combined absorption rand residue-measuring v means," comprising a vessel, meansfor delivering a measured charge of gas into said vessel, ay body 'of liquid in said' vessel adapted to absorb ay constituent of said gas,\ another body of li uid in saidl vess'el,.vr`maining dis-t tinct rom the absorbent liquid, said vessel having a space `inclosed above this other liquid.9 into which the'residue ifrom' the ab' sorbent liquid is deliveredsaid Aresidue pressing upon the surface ,of this other liquid, and means into which some vet thisother liquid is displacedwhen its ,surface is pressed upon, `this means beine adapted' for measuring-the amount of this iquid displaced., means for allowing escape of said 2 residue from said' space,lmeans .for control- -50 ling the delivery of gas 'to' thevvessel` and means for controlling the escapeto the residue from said space in the vessel 2. in gas-analysis a paratiis,` a leonribined absorption and resi ue-measuring means' comprising a vessel, lmeans -xtor delivering a chargeof gas into said vessel, 'a body-of liquid in said vessel adapted x-toabsorb a ,constituentpf said gas, Asmother'body ofy l. liquid therein, supportedqupon therabsorb:

ent :liquid and .remaining distinct therefrom,

Vsaid vessel having a s' ace inclosed aiotwethisV other liquid, meansordelivering :the residue. fromthe absorbentliquidto thisspace said residue-pressing upon`v the sur ace o this othenliquicl, and means. into which lsome .of this otherliquid Vis displaced when its contact with air, means for passing said gas through said absorbent solution, means for receiving and holding the residue therefrom to press upon the surface of the non-crystallizingfliquid, fand means into which the noncrystallizing liquid .may rise under the pressure of. the residue, and whereby its rise isy measured, said absorbent. solution remaining out'of'the measuring means, whereby itscrystallization in the measuring 'means is, eliminated, 4means ifor controlling the passage' of the gas and means for controlling the escape ofthe residue.

4, In gas-analysis apparatus, al combined z ibsorbingv and residue-measuring means comprising a caustic solution, an oil supported on the caustic solution and remainc ing distinct therefrom, means for passing a. gas into theY caustic solution whereby a.v

,eonstit ento thegas is absorbed by said solution', means lfor receiving and coniining 'the residue adjacent to the uppersurface of the oil', measuring means into which the oil may1 rise under pressure of the residue, means for controlling the passage of said gas and means for controlling the escape of the residue, said caustic solution remainingl out of the measuring means, whereby crystallization'of the caustic solution in the measuringl vmeans is'eliminated, and whereby action ot the caustic solution on the material of the measuring means is eliminated.

., 5. In gas-analysis apparatus, a single vessel ot material toresist the action of a caustic solutioiul a caustic solution in said vessel.. an oil iioating on the caustic solution n and remaining .in a bod?,Y distinct trom the solution, means for passing a aus into the caustic solution, whereby u. constituent of lthe- 'gas is 'absorbed by rvthe solution, means for delivering the residue 'from the caustic solu# tion to a part of said vessel above the upper surface of the oil, measuring means into ing the action `of tbecaustic solution than ,the material otseidysssel, and` the caustic solution thus remaining ont esaid measur- 'wliiclrthe oil may rise underthe pressure p oli the residue, lsaid measuring means being composed otinaterial less capable of resistgas is absorbed vby the solution, means for i 6. Tn gas-analysis apparatusfa single ves.

sel of material to resist the .action of a caustic solution, a caustic solution in said vessel, an'oil floating on the.- caustic solution and remaining in a ,body distinct vfrom the'solution, means for passing a gas into the caustic solution, whereby a constituent ofthe delivering the'residue from the caustic solution to a part vof said vessel above the'up'per suraceof the oil, measuring means into -which the oil mayrise under the pressure of the residue, said measuring means being composed of material less capable oresisting the action of the "caustic solution than is the material of said vessel, and the caustic solution thus remaining out of said'measuring `means,`whereby its action onthe ma# terial ofthe measuring means is eliminated, means -for 'permitting andV controlling 'flow of anfactuating liquid, to periodically de liver definite chargesof v.said ,gas -into 'said caustic solution, and means for 'circulating said actuating liu'uid adjacent to said caustic solution and said. oil, but maintaining said `actuating liquid'distinct from said solution and vsai doil,'and means wherebythe actu-- ating liquid controls escape of the residue fromtheabsorbing and measuringmeansf v. f

,'7. l'n gas-analysisapparatus, a single vessel, an absorbent solution therein, said `ve s sel being of material to resist the action of said solution, an oil Heating on the solution A -an'dv remaining in a. body distinct from the solution, means forpassing a gas into thev solution,` lwherebya constituent of 'the :gas

AAresiduef `6o 8. In gas-analysis apparatus, a single vesis absorbed by the solution, means for .deliveringfthe residue from th'e'solution to a part the oil, measuringmeans yinto whichv the oil may rise under the pressure of theresidue,

said measuring means l'ieing composed of material less capable-of resisting [the action'- f on the material-of themeasuring means'is'i eliminated. meansfor .permitting and con-r trolling 'flow ofl an: actuating 'liquid .to

periodically deliver definitecharges'.. of said gasto said solution, and-"means whereby said actuating liquid sel."an' absorbent solution therein, said ves'- sel being of material to resist the actionl of.

said solution ,'an oil iioating on the solution A .and remainingin 'a body distinct from the solution, means for passing a gas into the so1ution,-whereby' a constituent of the gas controls @escape ot'- the` e w form temperaturein the char e of gas 1n vthe measuring-chamber-'and o the residue is absorbed by the solution, means'for delivering the residue from the solutionjto a part of said vessel above the upper surface of the oil, measuring means into which the oil may rise under the pressure of the residue` said measuring, means being composed of material'lesscapable of resisting the action of the solution than is the material of said vessel, and the solution thus remainingout of said measuring means, whereby its action on the material of the measuring means is eliminated. means for permitting and con- 9. Inv gasanalysis apparatus, means for periodically delivering rdefinite chargesO of gas to b e analyzed, comprising 'an actuating iquid liableto affect the' gas, a liquid.. fi;iat` l ing on the actuating. liquid and substan-v tially inert with Jrespect to .theas, meansA for permitting and controlling t e flow of the actuating liquid to cause itto raise and lower the vinert liquid, .a measuring chamber 'in which the inertliquid traps a definite 'chargez of gas each time-it is-lowered and raised, a combined absorbing and .measuring means comprisin a solution absorbent to vaconstitu'ent oft e gas yand liable to crys- `tallize in contact' with air,and a l1 uid Heating'on the absorbent solution'and ess liable asf...

"leadingfrom the measuring 'chamber an`d' opening intotheabsorbent solution, whereby'the definite charge ofas ispassed into the absorbent solution an said .constituent absorbed, meansfor receiving andvhold-ing the residue above the upper surface of -heI floating liquid, means into vwhich the fioat" ingrliquid may-rise4 under. pressure of the 'residue and whereby saidrisefmay bemeasured,v saidl absorbent solution remaining undisturbed -iinder the pressure of the residue and thereby remaining .out of the measuring means; 'an-outlet -for the residue, and

Lmeansfwherebythe atuating-liquid controls A.said outlet, and means' for vmaintaining uni- .above I' the oating liquid. in the absorbing and measuring' means, comprising a' passage for theactuating liquid adjacentto the absorbent solution and adjacentto the floating liquid inthe a-bsorbinggand measuringl means. whereby the temperature of'V this aciso tuating'liquid equalized with that of the a, absorbent solution and with that of the floatling liquid in the absorbing and measuring means, and also with that of the 4ioating liquid that traps the gas in the measuring chamber.

1 0. In gas-analysis apparatus, gas-meas-l uring and deliveringmeans, 4and constitu'- ent-bsorbing and residue-measuring means, each comprising two liquids ofdiierent specific ravities and different properties, the/one eing maintained above the other and distinct therefrom .by the 'difference of specific gravity, and each of said means" having a space inclosed above the upper liquid' comprisedthe'rein, in which space liquid collects during" the operation of the apparatus, the liquid collecting. in each space being congruent with the lowerv liquid' comprised in the Arespective means, and be'- ing adapted to pass down through the upper liquid comprised therein and lto mingle with the lower liquid.

11. In gas-analysis apparatus',` a series of operative means adapted tosuccessively rea ceive gas, each `comprising twovliquids of different specific .gravities and different properties, the one being`\maintained above and distinct from the other by its di'erence of specific gravity, and the presence of any` 1 the respective means but passing down through the upper liquidy by virtue of its greater specific gravity, andv ingling with the lower liquid comprised in he means and thereby remaining out of the respective succe'sjsive means.

12. In gas-analysis apparatus, a combined absorbing and measuring means comprising a vessel, a solution therein 'absorbent to a constituent ofthe gas to be analyzed, a Vtube opening into this absorbent liquid and de` livering said gas into this absorbent solution near the lower art thereof, a liquid within said vessel oP sorbent solution, Heating upon and maintained distinct from the absorbent solution in said vessel, and said vessel having a closed s ace above this floating liquid, another tu e surrounding the tube in the absorbent solution and extending up through the Heating liquid and opening into lsaid yspace whereby the residue passes from the absorbent solution into saidspa'ce above. the oating liquid and presses on the surface of 'the `iioating liquid, and measuring means into which the Heating liquid may rise under pressure of the res1due.

13. In gas-analysis apparatus, a combined specific.`gravity and properties 'different from those of `the aba absorbin and measuring means comprisinga vessel, a solutlon therem absorbent to a constituent ofthe gas to be analyzed, a tube opening into this absorbent liquid'and delivering said gas into this absorbent :solution anddelivering said gas into the solution- Vnear they lower part thereof, a liquid within said vessel of specific gravity and properties different from those of the absorbent solution fl'oating upon and maintained distinctl from. the absorbent solution in said vessel, and said vessel having a closed space above this Yfloating liquid, an-

other tube vsurrounding the tube in the absorbent solution and extending up through the floating liquid and opening into said space'whereby the residue passes from the absorbent solution into said space above the floating liquid and presses on the surface of the floating. liquid, and 'measuring means -into which the floating liquid may rise under` pressurel of the residue.

14. In gas-analysis apparatus, -a com-` bined absorbing and .measuring means comprising avessel, asolution therein absorbent to aconstituent of the gas to be analyzed, atube opening into this absorbent liquidand delivering said gas intothis ab-` sorbent solution. and delivering said gas into the solution near the lower part thereof, a liquid within said vessel of specific gravity and properties different from those of the 4absorbent solution floating upon and maintained distinct from the absorbent solution yin said vessel, and said vessel having a closed space above this Boating liquid, an-

other ftube surrounding the tube in the absorbent. solution and extending up through the: ioating liquid and opening into said space whereby the residue passes from the absorbent solution into said space above the floating liquid and presses on the surface of the oating liquid, and measuring means into which the floating liquid may rise under pnessure of the residue, said absorbent solution remaining out of.- the measuring means, means adjacent to the opening of this other tube in this space having inter- 4stices through which the residue must pass,

said residue carrying particles of the absorbent solution out of this tube which are received in these interstices, thereby prolonging the contact of the residue with the absorbent solution and increasing the thoroughness of vabsorption of the constituent, this absorbent solution, thus entering the space sinking throutgh the floating liquid to the main body o absorbent solution thereby remaining out of said measuring means, means for controlling passa e of as into the vessel and means contro ling t e escape of residuefrom the vessel. i

15.*In gas-analysls apparatus, a vessel,l gas-absorbing means in said vessel-for absorbing a constituent from the gas to be 13e analyzed-and leaving a residue therefrom, a liquid in said vessel'which will not absorb the gas to be analyzed andydistinct from measured samples of gas into said absorbing vessel, means-whereby said non-absorbing liquid is displaced by said residue to indicate the amount of said constituent absorbed, and means for disposing of the residue after the analysis has been made. n

17. In an apparatus for gas analysis, a

vessel, gas-absorbing liquidA in said vessel for absorbing a constituent from the gas to be analyzed and leaving a4 residue therefrom, another liquid in said vessel distinct from said absorbing liquid, an open tube extending upwardly in` said vessel in said gasabsorbing liquid, means for `discharging measured samples of lgas Within said tube, means whereby said other liquid is displaced by said residue to indicate n the amount-of constituent absorbed, and means.

for disposing of the unabsorbed gas after the analysis is made f A CHARLES WT HEATH.

Witnesses:

' JAMEsN. RAMSEY, CLARENCE PERDEW.

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