US67683A - William avert sweet - Google Patents
William avert sweet Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US67683A US67683A US67683DA US67683A US 67683 A US67683 A US 67683A US 67683D A US67683D A US 67683DA US 67683 A US67683 A US 67683A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- steel
- rail
- sweet
- bars
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 title description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 84
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 42
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 36
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 36
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241001669696 Butis Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000806 Latten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001066 destructive Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium azide Chemical compound [Na+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
- B23K20/233—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded without ferrous layer
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/02—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials
- F16L59/021—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials comprising a single piece or sleeve, e.g. split sleeve, two half sleeves
- F16L59/024—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials comprising a single piece or sleeve, e.g. split sleeve, two half sleeves composed of two half sleeves
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12306—Workpiece of parallel, nonfastened components [e.g., fagot, pile, etc.]
- Y10T428/12319—Composite
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12451—Macroscopically anomalous interface between layers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12486—Laterally noncoextensive components [e.g., embedded, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12639—Adjacent, identical composition, components
- Y10T428/12646—Group VIII or IB metal-base
- Y10T428/12653—Fe, containing 0.01-1.7% carbon [i.e., steel]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
- Y10T428/12958—Next to Fe-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
- Y10T428/12972—Containing 0.01-1.7% carbon [i.e., steel]
Definitions
- the iron rail is not durable.
- the cast-steel rail is not only costly, butis liable to break in a cold climate, and the welding of iron and steel is' so difficult, and the unequal expansion aud contraction so destructive, that the success of the steelfaced or plated rail has not been such as to recommend it suiiciently to induce its general use.
- My invention differs essentially from both of'these, and consists in forming what I term a composite rail" ⁇ in the manner hereinafter described, the chief object of which invention is to construct a rail the cost of which shall not greatly exceed that of iron; that shall possess the requisite hardness to insure durability; that shall be sufficiently fibrous in its nature to combine strength with elasticity.
- Figures 2 to 14 inclusive represent sections of a bar as it would Vappear after passing through each of the successive passes in the rolls; and A Fignrel represents a piece of rail when finished.
- a pile made of such bars or flats, graded as to thickness from the thickest at bottom to the thinnest at top, will, when rolled, make a rail with a steel top and alternate layers of iron and steel from that down, the proportion of theiron greatly preponderating in the bottom flange, or where tenacity is most required and particular hardness is unnecessary.
- a railroad ril made of a pile,l substantialiy such as that herein described.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Description
@latten tutrs gutent @frn IMPROVED FAGOT FOR RAILS 0I' RAILROADS.
dige Stimuli munt tn it tlgrst ttttrrs intuit :mt uniting putt nf tigt smite.
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS:
That I, WILLIAM Avant' SWEET, of the city of Syracuse, county of Onondaga, State of New York, have invented certain new and' useful improvements in the Manufacture of Rails for Railroads; and I do hereby decla-re the following tobe a sufficiently clear and exact description of the same, so that any one skilled in such matters may, by the aid of the accompanying drawings, which form a partof this specification, readily use my invention.
I may premise, however, the remark, that of the three varieties of rails now in common use, to wit, iron rail, east-steel rail, andsteel-plated or faced rail, neither seems to be all that is desired. The iron rail is not durable. The cast-steel rail is not only costly, butis liable to break in a cold climate, and the welding of iron and steel is' so difficult, and the unequal expansion aud contraction so destructive, that the success of the steelfaced or plated rail has not been such as to recommend it suiiciently to induce its general use. I would also state thatv I am aware that Thomas S. Blair took out a patent, No. 38,548, May 19, 1863, in which he claims a railroad rail, part of steel and par-t of iron, without welding, by carbonizing a portion of the top of the rail. The impracticability of this scheme will be apparent to all who are conversant with the process of manufacturing railroad rails. I am also aware that a pile of iron bars has been rolled into a rail and then converted into steel; but this method is not found very useful, as the bar of blistered steel comes from the converting or cementing oven almost as brittle as cast iron, and, as far as strength is concerned, is worthless for the purposes intended. My invention differs essentially from both of'these, and consists in forming what I term a composite rail"`in the manner hereinafter described, the chief object of which invention is to construct a rail the cost of which shall not greatly exceed that of iron; that shall possess the requisite hardness to insure durability; that shall be sufficiently fibrous in its nature to combine strength with elasticity.
It is well known that while a steel bar cannot be effectually welded to one of iron, such Welding may be made perfect and permanent provided the iron bar has its surface first converted into steel in any of the usual methods. 'It is desirable that the tread or upper surface of the rail should be of steel, while the base or lower portion of the rail should be principally of iron.
I am aware that Gustave Simons obtained an English patent, in 1862, for the manufacture of plates, rods, axle-tires, and other articles that are required to be partly of iron and partly of steel, by welding together steel bars or plates and iron bars or plates, having first carbonized the surfaces ofthe iron bars or plates. This involves, to some extent, the same principle that I now propose 'to apply to the manufacture of railroad rails and which rails may in this manner be so constructed that the upper surface or tread shall be mainly of steel, and the lower portion or base shall be mainly of iron.
I propose, therefore, to make rails from bars or flats of iron, the surfaces of Whichhave been carbonized in the usual way. These Hats are then made into a pile or fagot, and-rolled, in the usual way, into a rail. I prefer making the upper lat of the pile much thinner than those that are-below it, so that't'his upper dat -would become converted into steel throughout,vwhile the other'bars, though subjected to the same process, were still mostly iron.
The formation of the composite rail may be carried out in many different ways, but the method I adopt, and which has proved perfectly successful, will be readily understood by reference to the drawings, in which- Figure 1 represents a section of a pile of bars, with shading to represent the outer surfaces,shown at a a a a a a, converted into steel.
Figures 2 to 14 inclusive represent sections of a bar as it would Vappear after passing through each of the successive passes in the rolls; and A Fignrel represents a piece of rail when finished.
Like letters and shading refer to corresponding parts in all the figures.
The bars of iron being rolled out of a uniform width or nearly so, and of different thicknesses, varying' with the different degrees of hardness required, are placed in a convertingoven, und the cement-ation carried on until the thinnest bars are converted nearly or completely through. Thiswill leave the centreof the thicker bars in their original state, as practice proves that the carbon penetrates the larger bars hardly as far as it does the smaller ones in the same length of time. A pile made of such bars or flats, graded as to thickness from the thickest at bottom to the thinnest at top, will, when rolled, make a rail with a steel top and alternate layers of iron and steel from that down, the proportion of theiron greatly preponderating in the bottom flange, or where tenacity is most required and particular hardness is unnecessary.
By reference to fig, l it will be seen that all the surfaces to be welded together are of steehnnd in no case willthe line of weld and 'the line between the iron and steel be in the sra-me platee. As blister steel weldsns readily as iron, and better than cast or Bessemer cast steel, and very much better than either cast or Bessemer` cast steel with iron, the Working of the materials when prepared as above specified is a much more reliable process than that of forming the ordinary steel-faced-or plated mil, and the liability to tearing apa-rt the different layers of iron and steel, by either working or expansion and contraction, is evidently entirely avoided.
'Having thus briefly described the nature of my invention, what I'clziim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is
1. An improved pile, substantially such as herein described.
2. A railroad ril, made of a pile,l substantialiy such as that herein described. Y
WILLIAM A. SWEET.
Witnesses WM.v R. BROOKS,- J oHN E.. SWEET.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US67683A true US67683A (en) | 1867-08-13 |
Family
ID=2137207
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US67683D Expired - Lifetime US67683A (en) | William avert sweet |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US67683A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3523354A (en) * | 1968-04-22 | 1970-08-11 | Whittaker Corp | Method of producing large shapes |
-
0
- US US67683D patent/US67683A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3523354A (en) * | 1968-04-22 | 1970-08-11 | Whittaker Corp | Method of producing large shapes |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US67683A (en) | William avert sweet | |
US1853166A (en) | Tie plate | |
US436525A (en) | Roller for feed-tables | |
US125648A (en) | Improvement in railway rails | |
USRE2697E (en) | Improved fagot toe railway bail | |
US864137A (en) | Tie-plate. | |
US722152A (en) | Process of making tie-plates. | |
US61397A (en) | Octave chanttte | |
US125245A (en) | Improvement in the manufacture of iron | |
US44562A (en) | Improvement in railroad-rails | |
US95199A (en) | Improved method of constructing files for kailroad-raits | |
US339492A (en) | Art of making steel eye-bars | |
US1306967A (en) | Rail. | |
US57530A (en) | Improvement in railroad wedge-rails | |
US423929A (en) | Railroad-tie | |
US20702A (en) | Rolling railway-bars | |
US79904A (en) | Improvement in fagots or piles for manufacturing railroad-rails | |
US77659A (en) | Improved fagot for railroad-rails | |
US110143A (en) | Improvement in piles for armor-plates | |
US162999A (en) | John b | |
US905035A (en) | Concrete railroad-tie. | |
US87460A (en) | b a y l e y | |
US989321A (en) | Tie-plate. | |
US91339A (en) | Improvement in the manufacture of railway-rails | |
US721218A (en) | Rail-joint and cross-tie. |