US658955A - Lock. - Google Patents

Description

No. 658,955. Patented Oct. 2, |900. A. L. MAGMASTER.

(Application ked lune 15, 1899.) (N0 Modal.) 3 Sheets-Sheet l.

/mfenzzor Paws no. monxuma, Mmmm n c No. 658,955. Y Patented Oct. 2, |900.

A. L. MAGMASTER.

LOCK.

(Applicacion'mad :une 15, 1899.) (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

No. 658,955. Patented Get. 2, |900.

A. L. MAcMASTER.

LOCK.

(Application led June 15, 1899.)

3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(lo Model.)l

Ffa.,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ABRAHAM L. MACMASTER, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO JACOB C. LE BOSKY AND JESSE COX, OF SAME PLACE.

LOCK.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 658,955, dated October 2, 1900.

Application filed J' une 15, 1899. SerialNo. 720,720. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern,.-

Beit known that I, ABRAHAM L. MA'cMAs- TER, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city of Chicago, in the countyof Cook and State of Illinois, have invented Aa new and useful Improvement in Locks, of which the following is a speciiication.

My invention relates to improvements in locks operated by keys; and the objects of my io invention are, first, to provide means for preventing the operation of the lock by false keys; second, to provide means whereby the bolt when cast is iirmly held in position and cannot be moved by force exerted directly on i 5 said bolt; third, to provide a key of such construction that it Will be substantially unaffected by wear, and, fourth, to provide the other details hereinafter set forth. I attain these objects by the mechanism illustrated in 2o the accompanying drawings, in which- Figures l and 2 are side views of a padlock embodying my invention, the side plate being removed to show the working parts.

or cast. In Fig. 2 the bow is up and the bolt is retracted. Fig. 3 is a top View of a bolt-v lock embodying my invention, the top plate parts.

and showing various possible forms and arrangements of the teeth or pins. Fig. 5 shows a key adapted to operate my form of lock.

Fig. 6 4is a view of the lower side or face of a portion of the bolt adapted for use in the form of lock shown in Figs. 3, 8, and 9. Fig. 6 also shows the auxiliary slide whereby the bolt may be released from the actuating-segment. Fig. 7 is a face view of the auxiliary slide 4o adapted for use in the form of bolt shown in Figs. 3,- 6, S, and 9. Fig. 8 is a topview of the form of lock shown in Fig. 3. The bolt is shown retracted by means of the bolt-actuating segment. Fig. 9 is a top view of the form of lock shown in Figs. 3 and 8.

bolt is shown retracted by means of the boltspindle.

Similar letters referto similar parts throughout the several views.

I will first describe my invention as applied to a padlock, Figs. l and 2.

In Fig. l the bow is down and the bolt is shot` The' ating segment A, pivoted on the arbor B, attached to the side plate A', has a portion a of its periphery concentric with said arbor. Said portion a carries the projecting teeth or pins d a2 a2.- Said segment A has also the slot a3 and the slot or notch a4, the slot a3 being` so placed as to receive the bolt-actuating pin b and the slot a4 so as to receive the retaining-pin c of the detent or dog C when said segment is in position against the stop D on the plate A', as shown in Fig. l. Said segment A tends to assume this position under the pressure of the spring d, bearing against the projection d on said segment A. Said spring CZ is pivoted on the pin d2, attached to the side plate A', and bears against the pin cl3, also attached to said side plate A. Said segment A is preferably constructed in the manner indicated in thev diagram Fig. 4, in which the plates a5 as a7 as, consisting of sheet-steel, brass, or other metal, are suitably fastened together and bear upon their cylindrical peripheries the teeth or pins marked 0.9 a9 in said diagram. By thus employing separable plates in the construction of the segments the toothed peripheries of said segments may be varied by varying the order in which the said plates are superimposed upon each other. By providing a few extra plates and combining them variously composite segments having a great variety of toothed peripheries may be obtained. By employing teeth of suitable shape the plates a5 d a7 as may be formed by stamping, thus minimizing the cost of manufacture. The detent C, preferably of sheet metal, consists of an arm C', pivoted on the pin c and havingat its free extremity the branches c2 and c3. Said branch o2 carries the above-mentioned pin o, and the branch c3 carries the pin c4, adapted to bear against the segment E. The spring c5, which is pivoted on the pin cand is further held in position by the pin c7, bears at its free extremity against the detent C, giving said detent a tendency to approach the segment A. Said pins c6 and o7 are attached to the side plate A. The segment E, pivoted on the arbor E' on the plate A', is similar in its construction to the segment A, having the pins or teeth e' e2 e2 projecting from the cylindrical portion 'e of the periphery of said segments.

IOO

Said portion e is concentric With the arbor E. Said segments A and E are preferably so relatively placed that their planes of rotation are parallel and the adjacent parts of their circular portions a and e curve in opposite directions. The teeth of one of said segments preferably alternate with the teeth of the other when said segments are properly rotated; but said segments are so constructed that neither one of said segments can cause the rotation of the other of said segments. The spring F, which is pivoted upon the pin f', attached to the side plate A', bears against the arbor E' and also bears against the segment Ein such a manner as to cause said segment to assume a position against the stopf, as shown in Fig. l. The segment E has a portion G of its periphery concentric with the arbor E. Said portion G terminates at the slot g in said segment. At the side of the slot g opposite to said portion G the segment E has an extension or arm g for engaging the pin c4 of the detent C. Said portion G, together With the sides of the slot g, forms a cam-surface Whereon said pin C4 travels. The segments A and E and the detent C are so constructed and arranged that when the segment E rests against the stopfen the plate A the pin r: of said detent is within the slot a* of segment A and the pin c4 of said detent is in contact with the port-ion G of segment W hen the said parts are in this position, the motion of said detent is prevented. The slot g is so located that when the segment E is rotated the arm g engages the pin c4, causing it to enter said slot and operate the detent C in such a manner as to Withdraw the pin c from the slot 0,4 of the segment A, thereby releasing said segment. The keyway H, formed by the guides h 7L, attached to the side plate A, is of just sufiicient size to receive the key K without binding it. The position ofsaid keyway is such that said key upon entering it will become tangential to the portion e of segment E and also to the portion ct of segment A. The key K (shown in Fig. 5 and indicated in part by dotted lines in Fig. 2) consists of a strip lo, of metal, terminating in the bow or head la and having the slots k2 102 and /93 7a3. For convenience of description the slots k2, which are not circumferentially inclosed, are herein referred to as notches,

and the slots 7c3, circumferentially inclosed,

as perfor-ations. \Vhen the segments A and E are at rest against the stops D and f, respectively, the teeth or shoulders tt and e' of said segments liein the keyway H. When .said keyK enters said keyWay, the extremity 7a4 of said key engages said teeth a and e and causes said segments to rotate. This brings the teeth a2 a2 and e2 e2 into the keyway H. The notches c27c2and perforations t37c3 occupy such positions and are of such configuration as to receive successively and in their proper order the said teeth 0.2 a2 and e2 e2. Those of the teeth a2 a2 and e262 passing adjacently to the lateral edges of the keyway H When'the segments are rotated will require notches 7a2 in the key K, While the perfor-ations 7c3 of said key will engage those of said teeth which pass non-adjacently to said lateral edges. The stop L on the plate A' extends across the key- Way H and forms the inner extremity thereof. The bolt M is provided with an arm m, extending in the direction of the slot 0,3 of the segment A and carrying the pin b. Said pin b is engaged within the slot as of the segment A in such a manner that the rotation of said segment causes said bolt M to slide within the guides m m m' m', attached to the plate A. The lip m2 of said bolt forms acatch for the corresponding lip n of the bow N of the padlock. Said bow N is hinged on the pin 'n' on the plate A/ and has at its hinged eX- tremity the extension n2, said extension being circular and concentric with said pin n. Said circular extension n2 is so formed upon the bow N that when the bolt M is retracted and said bow is raised said extension n2 assumes a position behind said bolt M in such a manner as to hold said bolt in a retracted position, as shown in Fig. 2. The spring n3 is pivoted on the pin n4, attached to the side plate A', and is held in proper position by the pin a5, also attached to the side plate A. Said spring n3 bears against the extension n2 of the boW N in such a manner as to raise said bow when the bolt M is retracted.

In the operation of the mechanism of said padlock when the segments A and E are at rest against the stops D and f, respectively, as shown in Fig. l, the pin c of the detent C is engaged Within the slot a4 of the segment A, and said segment is thereby rendered immovable. The Withdrawal of the detent C from the last-described position is prevented by the pin c4, which bears against the cylindrical portion G of the segment E. When inserted into the keyway H, the extremity 7a4 of the key K strikes the tooth e of segment E and causes said segment to rotate in such a direction that the slot g and arm g thereof approach the pin c4 of the detent C; but as the portion G of said segment E is concentric with the arbor E the motion of the detent C is prevented until the slot g reaches a position opposite to the said pin c4. At this point the arm g' engages said pin, thereby causing it to simultaneously enter said slot and move the detent C on its arbor c' in such a manner as to withdraw the pin c of said detent from the slot a4 of the segment A. The parts of the mechanism are so correlated that the pin o is not withdrawn from said slot a4 untiluimmediately before the entering key K reaches the tooth a ot' segment A. The said segment is thus released and may be rotated by said key. The teeth e2 e2 and a2 a2 enter the path ot' the key as their respective segments are rotated, and as the keyoccupies substan- 'tially the entire cross-section of the keyway H said teeth move laterally into the notches 7a2 and perforations 7c3, provided in said key. The motion of the key is limited by the stop IIO L. When the segment A is rotated, as de scribed, the pin b, engaged within the slot a2 of said segment A, is moved in such a manner as to retract the bolt M and withdraw the lip m2 thereof from the lip n of the bow N. When the said bow N, thus released, is thrown back by means of the spring 'n.2 or otherwise, as shown in Fig. 2, the circular extension n2 of said bow assumes a position behind the bolt M and holds said bolt in a retracted position. As the bolt-pin b is securely fastened to the extension m of the bolt M and has practically no'lateral play in the slot a3 of the segment A, said bolt cannot be moved independently of said segment. Therefore when the bolt M is cast it cannot be retracted by a force exerted directly against said bolt nor against said segment A, nor can said segment be released by pressure exerted directly against the detent C. If the key is not employed, the bolt cannot be retracted except by the extertion of two separate forces acting simultaneously to rotate the segment l A and E of the mechanism.

I will now describe my invention as applied to a bolt-lock, an example of which is shown in Figs. 3, 8, and 9 in the drawings. In this lock there are employed the same segment E, arbor E', stop f, detent C, detent- -arbor c', and detent-spring c5 as in the pad-y lock above described. The oblong bottom plate 'A2 corresponds to the side plate A' and the spring F' to the spring F in said padlock. Said spring F' is pivoted on the pin f2, attached to the plate A2, and is held in position by the pin f2, also attached to said plate A2. The segment O in said bolt-lock corresponds to the segment A in Figs. l and 2-and is pivoted on the arbor B', attached to the bottom plate A2. Saidsegment O has projecting from its cylindrical portion o the tooth or shoulder 0' and the teeth` 02 o2 for engagement with the key K. Said segment O has also the slot o3 and the slotor notch o4, the slot 0S being so placed as to receive the pin p, attached to the slide P, and the slot o4 so as to receive the pin c of the detent C when said segment is in position against the stop D', attached to the plate A2. The spring d4, held in position by the pivot d5 on the plate A2 and by the pin d6, also on said plate, bears against the segment O and tends to hold said segment against said stop D'. The segments O and E and the detent C are so constructed and arranged that when the segment E rests against the stop f on the-plate A2 the pin c of the said detent is within the slot o4 of the 4 segment O and the pin c4 of said detent is in contact with the portion G of the segment E. The keyway H', formed by the guides h' h', attached to the side plate A2, is similar in construction and purpose to the keywayI-I in Figs. l and 2. When the segments O and E are at rest against the stops D' and f, respectively, the teeth or shoulders 0' and e' of said segments lie in the keyway H'. The stop L' on the plate A2 extends across the inner extremity of the keyway H' and is for the purpose of limiting the motion of the key K. The bolt M' has its outer or projecting extremity m3 beveled and slides within the guides m4 m4 m4 m4, attached to the plate A2. The spring R is pivoted on the pin fr, attached to the plate A2, and is held in position by the pin r', also attached to said plate A2. Said spring R bears against the inner extremity m5 of the bolt M' and has a tendency to shoot or cast said bolt. Said bolt M' has in the lower face thereof an L-shaped chamber or slot S, forming a slideway for the slide P. Said slideway S is so proportioned that said slide P may travel therein a distance equal to the travel of the bolt M'. Said slide P is also L- shaped and slides freely within said slideway P in the direction of motion of the bolt M'. Said slide is provided with the above-mentioned pin p, adapted to be engaged within the slot o3 of the segment O. The said slideway S occupies such a position in the bolt M' and the slide P is so formed that when said pin p is engaged within said slot o3, if the segment O is at rest against the stop D' and said bolt M' is cast, then said slide will lie at the inner extremity s of the slideway S. When `said slide Pis free to move in said slideway S, said bolt M' may be forced into the lock Without moving said segment O; but the rotation of said segment in a direction away from the stop D' will retract said bolt. This construction furnishes the action of the ordinary spring-lock, in which the bolt may be forced into the lock either by pressure exerted directly upon the bolt or by means of the key. The slide P has two indentations or sockets p' and p2 for receiving the inner extremity of the threaded .spindle T, the socket p2 being nearer the inner extremity p3 of the said slide. Said sockets are so placed that the socket p' may receive the spindle T when said slide is at the inner extremity s of the slideway S, as shown in Figs. 6, and 8, and the socket p2 may receive said spindle when said slide P is at the opposite extremity of said slideway S, as shown in Fig. 9. Said bolt M' has a threaded aperture t, communicating with the slideway S and receiving the threaded spindle T. Said spindleT extends through a slot (not shown) of suitable length in the lock-casing and has at its outer extremitya milled head t' for convenience of operation. Said spindle T furnishes means whereby the bolt M' may be movedwhen the slide P is free to move in said slideway S. When said spindle Tis screwed into either of said sockets p or p2 or against any portion of the slide P, said slide cannot travel within the slide- Way S in the bolt M', but is fixed relatively to said bolt M'. f

In the said bolt-lock shown in Figs. 3, 8, and 9 the operation of the segment E `and detent C is the same as the operation of the same parts shown in Figs. l and 2 and the operation of the segment O is similar to the IOO vextremity of the bolt.

lock properly exerted upon said bolt.

operation of thecorresponding segment A in Figs. 1 and 2. When the segment O is rotated by means of the key in the manner delto said bolt M and cause the lretraction of said bolt whether said slide is free to move in said slideway or not. By screwing the spindle T into the socket p the bolt M and slide P become relatively fixed and said bolt may be retracted by the key, but cannot in any other way be forced into a retracted position. .sired the bolt-operating mechanism may be so set that the bolt M is immovable as re-rv It will thus be seen that when so degards a force exterior to the lock or any force applied directly to said bolt, but is at the same time operative by means of the key.

This is an important advantage, as locks are often operated by unauthorized persons by prying the bolt-as, for example, in an ordi- .nary spring door-lock, by inserting a tool be-v tween the edge of the door and door-casing and pressing said tool against the beveled Such forcing of the bolt is impossible in a lock employing the mechanism hereinabove described. When,

the spindle T is not in contact with the slide P,Vsaid slide is free to move in the slideway S, and the bolt M may be retracted independently of the segment O either by means of said spindle T or by a force exterior to the When such reti-acting force is withdrawn, the bolt M is cast by the spring R, as in the ordinary spring-lock. If the spindle T is screwed into the socket p2 of the slide P at a time when' the bolt M is retracted and the segment O lies against the stop D', as shown in Fig. 9, said bolt will remain in a retracted position.

Referring in general to both forms of locks described and shown, if an attempt be made to insert into the keyway ofthe lock an object not properly notched and perforated the teeth of the segments will wedge against such object, and their motion and the motion of the enter-g ing object will be arrested. In order to prevent the insertion of such objects, it is preferable to make the key as thin as consistent with necessary strength and the keyway correspondingly narrow. It is preferable to have those of the teeth which lie nearest to the teeth e and a' or o enter into the keyway immediately upon the rotation of their respective segments. It is also desirable to have the teeth upon the segments as frequent as may be without unduly weakening the key by reason of the required notches and perforations. By reference tothe drawings it is evident that when the segments are rotated the teeth successively app.'oach and recede from the keyway H and that at no one Y tions and notches will remain constant.

4 time are all of said teeth in said keyway.

The teeth e and a or o are the only ones fin such position when the bolt is cast, and said teeth are the first to recede from said keyway when the segments are rotated. It is evident, therefore, that if a wire could be inserted into the keyway in such a manner as to avoid the succeeding teeth, said wire would tend to slip away from the first tooth e' on account of said recession and the increasing obliquity of the face of said tooth. This is true also of the tooth a or o. Therefore it is necessary to engage succeeding teeth of each segment' in order to retract the bolt. When the lock is operated by the key, the teeth of the segments will make contact with substantially uniform force upon the portions of said perforations and notches lying nearest to the same extremity of the key. For this reason the wear upon the said portions lying nearest to the same extremity of the key will be uniform, and the respective distances between said portions of said perfor;-

T e key will therefore be substantially unaffected by Wear in so far as its ability to operate said lock is concerned.

It is evident that certain modifications in the form of various parts of the lock may be made without departing from my invention. For example, the angular extent of the cylindrical tooth-bearing portions of the segments may be increased, while the diameter of said cylindrical portions may be decreased until the segments become substantially cylinders suitably toothed and notched. In such case the lock will be more compact than when the diameter of the segments is greater. Also, the stops L and L may be omitted to permit the extremity la* of the key to pass through and beyond the lock. While the detent C shown in the lock is a valuable and novel part thereof, still l do not limit myself to a lock having such detent. The detent, or both the detent and the detent-actuating segment, may be altogether omitted and the broad features of my invention still remain.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a key-operated lock, two pivoted segments located upon opposite sides of the keyway thereof, and bearing upon their peripheries teeth or pins for engagement with the key and for preventing the insertion of foreign objects into said lock; in combination with a bolt, sliding within suitable guides and operated by one of said segments.

2. In a lock, the combination of a sliding bolt, a toothed pivoted segment for operating said bolt, a detent for engaging and releasing said segment, means for operating said segment, and means for operating said detent.

3. In a key-operated lock having pivoted segments bearing upon their periphe'ries pins or teeth for engagement with the key, the combination of a detent, a cam upon one of TOO said segments for operating said detent, and locking parts Operated by the other of said segments.'

4. In a lock Operated by the thrust of a key thereinto, the combination of a detent forming one of the component parts of said lock, a sliding bolt, pivoted segments whereof one actuates said bolt, and another operates said detent, and means for Operating said segments. y

5. In a key-operated, bolt-actuating mechanism, the combination of a sliding bolt; two pivoted segments lying on Opposite sides of the keyway of said mechanism, one of said segments having means for actuating said bolt and having means for engagement with a detent; a cam upon the other of said segments whereby said detent may be held in engagement with said first-mentioned segment, unless retracted therefrom by means of said second segment; and teeth or pins upon said segment for engagement with the operating-key.

6. In a key-operated lock, the combination Of-a bolt; a pivoted segment for actuating said bolt; -a detent acting upon said segment;

a second pivoted segment for operating said detent; a keyway tangential to both said segments at the cylindrical portions thereof, and pins or teeth upon the cylindrical portions of said segments, said pins Or teeth entering and receding from said keyway as said segments are rotated.

7. In a key-Operated lock, the combination of a locking-bolt; a pivoted segment having a toothed cylindrical surface and acting upon said bolt; said segment having a slot therein for receiving a portion of a detent; a pivoted detent having a portion for entering said slot in said segment, and another portion for traveling upon the cam-surface of a second segment, and for entering a slot in said second segment; a second pivoted segment having a cam-surface to act upon the adjacent arm of said detent; said second segment having a toothed cylindrical surface, and both of said segments being operated by the engagement of the teeth of said segments with a key.

ABRAHAM L. MACMASTER.

Witnesses:

JACOB C. LE BOSKY, HOWARD M. COX.

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