US65042A - Improvement in steam generators - Google Patents

Description

G. H. BABCOCK 85 S. WILCOX, Jr.

STEAM GENERATOR.

No. 65,042. Patented May 28, 1867.

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IMPROVEMENT 1N` STEAM cani-:artrose TO ALL WHOM'IT MAY CONCERN: l n

Beit known that we. GEORGE BAnoocK and STEPHEN W ILcox, Jr., both ofthe cityand county of Providence, in the State'of Rhode Island, have invente-d certain new and useful Improvements in Steam Generators; and Iwe do hereby declare that the folloiving specification', teiten in connection with the drawings making'a part of the same, is a, full,l Clcar,', and ertactldescription thereof. i I I l p i i i Figure 1 is arlongitudi'nal and vertical section of the apparatus in a plane through the lined-4 of iig.l2.

Figure is partly a front elevation andpartly a transverse section in a plancthrough'the line 1-2 of iig. l. The apparatus herein describedbelongs to that class' of steam boilersiwhose peenliarity is thatin them water-,during its conversion into st'eaui, instead of being confined in one mass as in the common steam boilers, is contained in ahnumbcr of vessels of small capacity-independent of cach other in this, that each vesselI is disv tin'ct in itself, but connected together by means of pipes forthepurpose of aggregating 'the power of the steam which is developed in each, The great capacity of steam generators of this class toresist the explosivefo-rces liable to be developed'in any one of the several vessels, the certaintythat rio-Widevspreadedestruction canA ensue in case rupture in any one vessel occurs, and the economy of their construction, from the fact that cast iron can be safely employed to compose thegenerating compartments, give totheinmanifcst advantagein these particulars over the various kinds of single-shell Wrought-iron boilers in common use. On the other hand the delicient circulating capacity of this class of generators, the diiiiculty of removing incrustations from the interior of the generating vessels, which deposits are increased by a sluggish circulation of the waterand anant of economy in the application of the heat of the furnace to the hre-surface to be acted upon, are disadvantages which go far to counterbalance the good capacitiesV mentioned. Our invention seeks tc remedy these defects and to combine in one apparatus, for producing steam, the advantages and conveniences which belong to 'generatorsof both the above-named classes. Y i

In the accompanying drawings thereis exhibited in g, 1 oneseetion of the generator, and in fig. 2 there are seeniscvcral of such sections united. Each section is composed of two sets of pipes,say of about ive inches diameter, one of which sets is in a horizontal position, and the other is inclined at an angle therewith. The space A so formed between the two sets of pipes constitutes a chamber for the combustion of the gases of `the fuel used in the furnace; `The drawing exhibits these pipes in sets of four, whichV number may be increased or diminished to suitA the judgment of ,the4constructor. Each ofthe pipes B, composing the series, which is inclined, is cast separately, and made with a T-head, a a, g. 1, cast with the pipes, so that when the several pipes of the series are 4placed one above the other, as4 shown at iig. 1, such heads Will constitute integral prts of continuous side pipes B B and B B. In this way a joint at the junction with the side pipe is not only avoided altogether, but a manifest advantage is obtained in. the facility with which the several pipes can, as will presently be seen, be clamped together to form a united structure. These Theads, which may be l'lanchcd or not, should be milled or brought to a true face upon their edges, so as to allow of being tightly packed at the joint. Each one of the pipes of this series is also made with a square anch, I) of such size that when the several pipes of each section andthe several sections of pipes are arranged in order, such anchcs wil constitute a continuous transverse partition and a portion of the back Wall of the {irc-chamber. The series of horizontal pipes C composing each section is made in one casting, and is connected together bythe pcrpendicular short pipes D, as shown. Each section of pipes to compose the generator being fitted as exhibited in iig. 1, and an intermediate piece of pipe, E E, prepared so as to complete the connection at the rear end 4between the set of inclined andthe set of horizontal pipes, the generator is ready to bc put together. The

several sections are now to be built up, as shown in fig. 1, and the sections arranged side by side until the desired capacity is obtained; The sections are connected together at the top by the double transverse pipes F F, iig. 2, und at the bottom bythe single transverse pipe G, iiff'. 1, provided with nozzles e c e, g. 2, corresponding in site and distance-from each other with the ends of the rear side pipes BB. These transverse connecting pipes Ire secured to the several sections by rods cc, which pass through them and the axes of the side pipes, and are provided with nuts at their ends for clamping Athis structure together. Similar clampxrods are also employed to tie together'the several pipes of each section at their front ends, which rods, at their upper ends, pass through and are sustained by anoverhanging yoke, G", iig. 2A. `H is the furnace, having a hinged ash-grate,f, and a stationary inclined grate, g, the coals being fed through the opening I. As the spaces between the sections of pipes constitute the flues, it will be seen that the flames and combustible gases pass, as indicated by the arrows, first into the combustion-chamber A, thence downward between the pipes of the inclined series on the back side of the partition wall formed by the ilanches I already described, (this'being the only outlet from the combustionchamber,) for the reason that each of the sets of side pipes B B and B B from their bottoms to the point of junction with the series of horizontal pipes, as well, also, as the lowest pipe'of the several sections of the horizontal series, is cast with longitudinal fins or ilanches along its sides, so :that when the several sections are arranged side'by side there will be formed a wall whenever the edges of such fins abut. The smoke and products, of combustion having passed downward through the ilues as indicated, enter this space between the generatorandthe brick walls of the chamber in which the same are set, and passing upward along the back side o'f the side pipes B" B continue through .the longitudinal iluesA between the series of 'horizontal pipes to the front of thc generator, whence`they escape by suitable fines into the chimney. Itwill be readily understood that aside from the incidental formation of a combustion-chamber, A, the arrangement of the two series of inclined and horizontal pipes accomplishes the following important eifects upon maintaining in one direction throughout the generator a constant circulation of the water: The temperature oi' the water in that portion of theseries of inclined pipes which projects beyond che line of the rear wall of the tire-chamber is necessarily lower than the temperature of the water in that portion of the pipes directly over the furnace. Also this diii'erence in temperature is lincreased from the circumstance that the feed-water is admitted through the nozzle G, and passes directly from the side pipes B B into the series of inclined pipes, and thence into the series of horizontal Ipipes, and. never in the reverse direction. As the steam disengages itself from the water it will pass upward through the short connecting pipe D of the horizontal series, and seeking the highest point enter the transverse pipe and be delivered at the nozzle K. And thus a. constant and complete circulation'oi' water throughout the generator in one direction will be always maintained, while the steam will be freed therefrom so soon as formed and pass oif through the series of upright connecting pipes D, which 'should be sufficiently numerous to meet the requirements of the case. f

In order that this principle may be carried out to the best advantage, and to prevent the possibility of the water foaming in the side pipes B', which, as already stated, are the conveyors of the water contained inthe whole series of inclined pipes, and possess relatively to the aggregate of them a reduced capacity in proportion to their respective numbers, n'c vhave introduced inte each of the inclined pipes small circulating pipes,'shown in section in iig. 2, which are simply plain cylindrical pipes extending through the axes offthe main pipes fromv ront to rear, and which have the effect here, as in other instances when they are applied, vto allowthe colder particles of water in the main pipes lto separate from the warmer particles and `be returned through suoli pipes to the low'er end of the main pipes. For convenience in removing any incrustation upon the inside ofthe pipes oi' both series, we have provided hand-holes K at each end of the same,v covered by suitable plates, which, `when removed, will aiford every facility for scraping out the inside of the pipes; and to enable the ilue's of -the'horizontal series, as well as these l1andholes, to be conveniently reached, we construct the front of the furnace with a hinged man-hole door, L. Y l

What we claim as our invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is- 4 v 1. A steam generator made up of sections of'pipes, each of the several sections hein'g composed of a series of inclined pipes, B, and a series of horizontal pipes, C, united at the ends by distinct side pipes appropriate to each section; the several sections, when arranged side by s ide and connected, forming an intermediate combustionchamber, A, and operating to cause a constant circulationA of the water through the pipes in one direction, substantially as described. p

2. In combination with the series of horizontal pipes C, the series of upright connecting pipes D for the purpose of allowing the steam, as formed, to separate from the water and risc to the 'discharge aperture,

arranged substantially as described.

G. H. BABCOCIQ STEPHEN WILCOX, Jn.

Witnesses:

W. B. VINeuNr, W. W. Rlcimnp.

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