US649107A - Ingrain carpet fabric. - Google Patents

Description

mi. s4.9,|o7. Patented m 8, I900. T. F. a A. NAYLOB.

INGBAIN CARPET'FABBIG.

(Apphcaton filed Aug 25 1898) (No Model.)

I ZI/ilnessea I WW UNITED STATES PATENT FFICE.

THOMAS FOX NAYLOR AND ARTHUR NAYLOR, OF KIDDERMINSTER, ENGLAND.

INGRAIN CARPET FABRIC.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 649,107, dated May 8, 1900.

Application filed August 25, 1898. Serial No. 689,504. (No specimens.)

that class of carpet fabrics known as Kid-' derminster, Scotch, or ingrain carpets, the object being toinsert a smaller number of wefts than is usually employed.

The present invention is an improvemen upon the invention described in the specification to British Letters Patent No. 11,692 of 1895, having the same object in view.

In the further description of this invention reference is made to the accompanying drawing, which shows a longitudinal section of a four-color carpet fabric taken in the direction in which it is woven.

The figure shows a carpet fabric having a black stuffer-warp marked B, and built upon it in the manner fully described hereinafter are top and bottom planes or plies of weft, the shots of which are respectively indicated by a, b, and 0, arranged in various positions. The letters D and E indicate the bindingwarps, which are either stamped for in order I to be worked by the jacquard or harness, or

they may be operated by two heddles or gears, as their movement is in a regular order, D always lifting twice to E lifting once in this formation of fabric. The digits 1, 2, 3, and 4, placed at the top of the figure, each indicate a short length of the fabric to show various combinations of wefts on the face, as in 1. The wefts a and c are brought up side by side on the face or upper surface of the fabric. In 2 b and c are broughtup side by side. In 3 the weft a and the uncovered stufierwarp B show together on the upper surface, while in 4 the weft b and the uncovered stuffer-warp B show side by side on the face of the carpet. This is a simple form of our improved fabric, giving four combinations of colors on the face of the carpets with opposite colors on the back, and is therefore a reversible fabric.

The ordinary Kidderminster, Scotch, or ingrain carpet fabric is woven with two or more planes or plies of weft-that is to say, it has two or more webs or layers of material thrown or shot by the shuttlethe said webs being bound together by the interweaving both of the warp-threads and the weft material; but in our improved carpet fabrics, while we also employ two plies of weft material thrown by the shuttle, one web is composed of only onehalf'of the number of shots comprised in the other web. The finished fabric is therefore hereinafter called a oneand -a-half-ply carpet, like those referred to in the abovenained patent, No. 11,692 of 1895. In the the set of three shots forming our fabric two shots are placed side by side in forming one Web and one shot in forming the other web. The one shot can change places with either of the two shots or with both. We use a stuffer-warp running between the two webs of weft, as in carpets described in John Orrs British patent, No. 905 of 1855. In this class of carpets the stuffer-warp is used mainly as a controlling or guiding warp to determine the position of the wefts. In our invention it may guide two wefts to the top or upper surface of the fabric and one to the bottom surface,or vice versa. If two wefts are guided to the top and one weft guided to the bottom, and supposing the two top wefts to occupy the space of two-eighths of an inch, then the one bottom weft will only occupy one-eighth of an inch, while the other one-eighth not so occupied is formed by the uncovered stufferwarp, or if the reverse be woven-that is, if the stuffer-warp guides one weft to the top and two wefts side by side to the bottom surface-then one-eighth of an inch of the stufferwarp will remain uncovered and exposed as if on the top surface of the fabric. Thus by omitting one weft-thread in every four of the wefts as formerly used the usual pairing or mating of wefts does not occur in our one-and-a-half-ply carpet fabrics. It follows also that the color of the exposed stuffer-warp, in combination with any one of the three wefts used, produces a color effect. Thus if the three shuttles thrown respectively contain wefts colored olive, scarlet, and cream and the stutter-warp is black then the following combinations of colors may be produced: olive and scarlet, olive and black, olive and cream, scarlet and cream, scarlet and black, and cream and black. Consequently any two of the wefts can be brought to the top surface side by side, while any one of the three wefts can also be brought to the surface to combine in color efiect with the uncovered black stufier-warp.

As the staffer-warp plays the most important part in guiding the wefts to their allotted places in the fabric and in itself forms part of the pattern or design, it is necessary to use a jacquard-machine and stamp-cards in the usual way for lifting or lowering the stufierwarp threads. In a simple class of design the binder-warp threads may be operated by a pair of gears or heddles, one heddle lifting twice in succession to admit of two wefts, the

other heddle lifting once to admit of one weft;

but in more elaborate designs, where more,

color efiects are required, it is necessary to use a jacquard-machine and to stamp the cards for lifting the binder-warp threads. For example, if a 1088 needle jacquard be fixed on a loom five hundred and forty-four needles may be used for the stuflfer-warp and five hundred and forty-four needles for the binder-warp. It facilitates and simplifies the stamping if two cards can be worked on the cylinder, one to control the stuifer-warp needles and the other the binder-warp needles, the harness ofthe loom being tied up to suit. The drawing of the slay may be such as to produce a straight rib, such as described in Orrs British patent, No. 905 of 1855, or to produce a twilled effect, as described in Naylors British patent, No. 14,410 of 1888. the former case two threads of stufferavarp may be controlled by one needle, as they.

always lift together; but in the latter each thread of stuifer-warp must be controlled by a separate needle and eight-by-eight designpaper is used for designs, the usual eightholes-in-a-row machine being used in stamping, each punch serving for a single thread law of staffer-warp. In the former case, how- 5o ever, four-by-eight design-paper is used. The eight-holes-in-a-row machine may be also employed, the punches being used in pairs; but

in case two ends of warp are drawn through first, for example, then all the scarlet cords,

then all the cream, or any other order indicated in the design, but the whole of one color before stamping the next color, and so on; but the color of the stuiferwarp must not be stamped, as it is produced automatically in controlling the three wefts, the same principle being followed for stamping for the binder-warps as for the stuifer-warp.

What we claim is- An ingrain carpet fabric of four colors, woven in sets of three weft-threads of diverse colors in two planes of weft material with a stuffer-warp B of another color between said planes, the said stutfer-warp being so worked as to guide from time to time one weft-thread to the top surface and two weft-threads to the bottom side by side in each set, or reversely two weft-threads side by side to the top, and one weft-thread to the bottom in each set, in accordance with the pattern or design, the said warp B showing its color effect beside the single weft-thread in the set, substantially as and for the purpose herein described.

In testimony whereof We have signed this specification in the presence of two subscrib- 'ing witnesses.

THOMAS FOX NAYLOR. ARTHUR NAYLOR.

Vitnesses:

HARRY COATES, CHARLES EDWARD TOLSON.

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