US648696A - Method of controlling electric motors. - Google Patents

Description

No. 648.696. Patented May I, I900.

M. T. A. KUBIERSCHKY.

METHOD OF CONTROLLING ELECTRIC MOTORS.

(Application filed Dec. 6, 1899.)

3 Sheets-Sheet No Model.)

. Inventor martinTfl-Kubierschk fitt 3 Sheets-$heet 2 Patented May I, [900,

M. T. A. KUBIERSCHKY.

METHOD OF CONTROLLING ELECTRIC MOTORS.

(Application filed Dec. 6, 1899.) (No Model.)

N0. 648,696. Patented May I, I900. M. T. A. KUBIERSCHKY.

METHOD OF CONTROLLING ELECTRIC MOTORS.

(Application filed m c, 1899.)

3 Sheets-Sheet 3 (No Model.)

Wtpesses: @M'i P m n. 6 V .m

MartinTJ -Kubferschk UNITED STATES PATENT OFF CE.

MARTIN 'r. A. KUBIERSCIIK.Y,IOF 'B'ERLINQZGERMANY.

METHOD OF CONTROLLING ELECTRIC MQTOR S.

srscmcarron forming part of Letters'Patent No. 6 datsi y 1, A iimm filed December a, 1399. Serial st. 739,428. on model.)

To (ZZZ whom, it Tit/til] concern:

Be it knownthat L'MARTIN 'I. A. KU-

BIERSCHKY, a subject of the'Empei-or of Ger-' many, residing in Berlin, Prussia, Germany,

have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Means for ControllingElecti-ic Motors, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to a system of control whereby it is possible to control any number master switchor controller located at any de-- sired point on the train.

It is one of the objects of my inventionto simplify such an organisation and to reduce the number of trainwires required to operate" the various switches to a minimum.

My invention comprises also other features which are fully set forth in the following de scription and definedin tho'accompanying claims.

In carrying ont'my inventionI provide each of the motor-cars of the train with a main controller. comprising the ordinary motorcontrolling switches, and an auxiliary or pilot motor for operating said switches, and I con-- trol the pilot-motors of all the cars from a master-controller located at anydesired point on the train. The corresponding switches on each car are operated from the master-controller by means of a single conductor, which traverses the length of the train, and it is one of the distinguishing features of myinvention that only two train-conductors are required for operating the train in both directions. In case electric brakes aroused a third conductor is used for braking in one direction and a fourth for braking in the otherdirection. As soon as thomaster controller is closed in any one of its several positions the pilot-motors on all the motor-cars arestarted and the controlling-switch cylinders corresponding to the particular position of the. master switch- 'period'of acceleration. The speed ofth'etrain --ter-switch, and .Fig. .7 "shows a modified dia-; "gram of connections for a single car...

are thrown; into-gear and are operated synchronously at acertain' predeterminedspeed from the off to 'fnll-'power position without any further operation of themaster-controller. The rate at which the controlling-switches are operated is so proportion-ed that the maximum torque isr'used throughout the whole at starting is therefore automatically controlled and is not dependenton the skiltnh ness of the inotorman. If it should be necessary to stop thetrain before the full-power position has been reached by the controlling- 6 switches, the, motorman merely brings the masterEcontroller to'itsoiI position, thereby opening the pilot-motorcircnit andrelcasihg locking devices'which normally retain the controlling-switches in their operative posl-' tions. :As' soon as the locking devices are released the power-circuit is immediately opened and the controlling switches are brought to their off position by means of ac-.. tuating spriugs.

Referring to the drawings accompanying the specification, Figure 1 shows a diagram of-connections for a single car. Fig. 2 shows thefietails of construction ofthe controllingswitches '.and their operating-mechanisms. Fig. 3 is a cross-section on the line3 30f Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is. aview in planet the locking device of the controlling: switch. Fig. 5 isa view in cross-section along the line 5 5 of Fig.2. Fig. 6 showsa modified form'of mas- Referring to Figs. 1' and'2, I, ILIIL an IV indicate the controlling-switches of a single car, the switchIV-being omitted in Fig.2 for lack'of'space'. P indicates the-pilot-mor' tor for operating said 'switches,- ai1d M M the .mastehewitohesl. EaIch' o'f-the controlling= switches iii-provided with an electromagnet b for actuating a-s'witchtlocking device and an gselectrom'agnet c for actuating a main or cutout switch and for operatively connecting the controlling-cylinder to-thep'ilot-niotor. The windings? of the electromagnets lmnd c are connected in series with each other; The electromagnets qf lthe several cgntrolliggga switches. on each-carats at one end connec to' a common conductor w', leading through the pilot-motor??? to ground. the otherend the eleetromagnets ofcontrolling-switeh switch C and a reversing-switch R and are at one point connected to the main source through the contact-shoes 8- Sand the conductor w. By throwing the reversing-switch R to the'leftwor to the right the master-com, troller may beconueeted-through the terminals 1 to 4, inclusive, with the train-wires if! or t t. r

With thereversing-switch R of the mastercontroller M connected to, the conductors .t' I, as shown, if the lever of the controllingswitch'is inoved until it makes contact between the segments 6 7 current will flow from the contact-shoe-S through the conductor'w to the segment 6, and in the first position of the switch throughasmall resistance u to the segment 5. through the lever of the master controlling switch to the segment 7 and through the train-wire t' to the electromagnets band cof controlling-switeh I, and thence' to the conductor 10' and through the pilotmotor P to ground. The rcsistanceu is provided to prevent too great a current at startingip the pilot-motor circuit; but itis not an essential partotthc system and may be omitted, if desired, Y As soon as the master-controller has been closed the pilot-motor begins to revolve, and at the same time the electromagnets b and c are brought into operation. The electromagnet 0 operates to move a gear e along the shaft ofthe switch-cylinder and into engage-. ment with an intermittent gear or thumbf, driven by the pilot-motor, and thesaid cylinder is operatedstep by step at each revolution of the intermittent gear until ithas been brought to its final position. The electromagnet 0 also serves to close a main or cut-out switch 2 3 between the conductor w and the controllingswitch, the circuit to each of the several controlling-switches oi the main controller being open until its cylinder is thrown into operation.

In Fig. of the drawings I have shown the switch-cylinders I and III in off position and the cylinder II in operativerelation with the pilot-motor and partially turned from its ofi position, and from this figure, in connection with Fig. 3, which shows .a'viewin cross-. section along the line 3 3 of the switch II in Fig. 2, it will be seen that the gear a is provided with teeth throughout a portion only of its circumference, so that after a certain point in the revolution of. the controllingswitch cyliuder has been reached the intermittent gear]' will not operate to move it furcylinder may be locked against backward ro tation as long'as its magnet b is energized, and, further, in order that the switch-cylinder may be compelled to snap from one position to another, I have provided each switchcylinder with a star-wheel h and a pawl or roller i for engaging the same.- As soon as the pilot-motor circuit is closed through any one of the controlling-switches,-the-magnet b, through its plunger 0' and the levers g and k, brings the roller 'i, carried by k,'into engagement with the star-wheel h andholds itthus 'against the tension .of the spring m. Above the cylinder'of the controlling-switch and between it and the star-wheel i ar-. ranged a spring inclosed in a box 11, provi ed with a flanged portion 0, havingv teeth at its circumference. (See Fig- 5.) The springis fastened atone eud .to a squared portion of the shaft ,of the switch-cylinder and at its.

p engaging the teeth of the flange 0, provides a means" for regulating the tension of the sprin". The spring could pt course be re placed by any sort of a counterweight or by my suitable apparatus for giving a backward motion to the switcheylinder.

In Fig-lot the drawings I have shown a motor-controller comprising four controllingswitchcs, one for each direction of running and oneforbrakingin each direct-ion. With the switch R in the position shown the closing of thecontrolling-switch C, so-th'at the segments 6 and 7 are connected by the lever y, will, as already'st-ated, close'the main circuit to each of the controlling switches I on main switch '2 z,;'and through-the pilot-motors will operatethelcon'trolling l switches in a step-by-step manner to their final positions. The meters on all the cats will be started and the syrich-ro'nously-opera ting controllingswitches will bring the powcron gradually by the series-parallel or any other-method of motor control in such a manner thata maxi: mum torque will be exerted"throughout'the whole period of acceleration. \Vhcn it is desired to throw. oil? the power, the mastercontroller will be opened and the magnets b and c or each of the controlling-switches I will be decnergized. The main circuit will be immediately opened at s z, the gear e' will I be withdrawn from engagement with the gear f and the-pawl i from the star-wheel h, and under the influence of the actuating-spring their off position. If instead of merely thrmvingoll. the power it is desired tobriug the train to. a standstill, the lever .11 of the tnaster-controller will be moved until it'conuects the contacts 6 and S. As soon asahe lever 1 leaves the segment I of the mastenswitchthe COlIllOlliIIg-SWitGIiOS I will be throwii out of action in the'mann'er above explained; but immediately the lever y reachesthe contact 8 a circuit will be closed ther. In order that the controlling-switch through thetrain-wire t-' and throu h t other end to the-side of the box, and a pawl the several cars of the i-ra'i'nbymeans' of the the controlling cylinders will be brought to several switches II to the pilot-motors and to illustrated in the drawings, while the C(Hlll'nlground. the same manner as the switches I; but in this case the circuit will be closed at .2' ;2'not to the contact-shoes S, but to the brake rcturn-while the cylinder-switches willmako the connections necessary for electric brak-- inn'. as understood in the art.

If it isdesired to operate the train in the reverse direction, the switch R is thrown-to makc'contact with the terminals 34, and then the switches III IV maybe operated to propel the train in the reversedircetion or to brake the train when so moving by manipulating the controlling part C of the masterswitch in the manner already described.

In Fig. 1 I have shown the master-controller as comprising two distinct switches, one a controlling-switch for operating the motors or applying the brakes and the other a reversing-switch which is usedwhen it is desired to reverse the direction of. motion of the train. It is evident that these twoparts of the master-controller might be combined in one, and in Fig. 6 I have so illustrated it. Refenriug to this figure 'w indicates theconductor leading from the contact-shoe and the numerals 1 2 3 4 the connections leading to therespectivc train-conductors. I f the switchlever {1 is moved tothc right, the conductor 10 may be connected to the train-wires i or 1 according to the position of thesaid lever, while if it is moved to the left connection may be made from the conductor wto the train-wires I or' 1..

\Vhile I have shown in Fig. 1 a main controller comprising a separate controllingswitch for each direction of motion andfor braking in each direction, it'is evidently not necessary that four switches be used. In somecases it might be more advantageous to make use of a distinct braking apparatus, which wiould reduce the number of controlling-switches and the number of train-wires to two, and in this latter case a single controlling-switch properly connected to'a reversing-switch might be used for both direciions of running.

In Fig. 7 of the drawingsI have illustrated the circuit connections fora car having a single controlling-cylinder and a reversingswiteh f or connecting the motors for forward or backward rotation, and .I have shown a master-switch of the typoillustrated in Fig. ti.

Referring to Fig. 7, ifthe lever y ofthe master-controller at the left 'ofthe I figure is turned so as to connect 'thesegment'H with the segment 15 current gout the contact-shoe will pass through the conductor 10 tothe segmentlt, through the switch-lcvcr-y to thesogment 15, and by way of thetrain-conductor t to the actuating-solenoid 2: of the reversingswitch and thence through the pilot-motor I to ground. The core pivoted at the right of the shaft of the reversing-switch cylinder will be drawn into the solenoidz' and the reversing-switch thrown into the posit on These switches will be operated in.

ling-switchcylinder will be operated by the pilot-motor in the/manner already descriln-d. 'Thedriving-motors will be supplied with current through the switches z r on each of the cars of the train and the train will' be propelledin a certaindirection. If now it isdesirc'd tou'everse the direction of motion, the lever g of the master-controller is thrown so that it makes contact between the segments 1t and 15', current from the contact-shoe will flow through the master-eontrollerto the train-wire t and through the solenoid r of therevcrsing-switoh 1 to the electroinagnets b and c as before,-and t1 enee througlrtho conducdor 1r and pilot-motor P to ground. The'core pivoted at the 101' t of the shaft of the reversing-switch will now be drawn into its solenoid .1", the reversing -switch will be thrown into its other position connecting the motors for rotation in the opposite'direction, the controlling-switch cylinder will be operatedas before, and the train will be propelled in the reverse direction. --It will thus be seen that whether I usc asepara-to cont-rolling switch for each direction of motion or a sin-- tor-car for operating the controller on said.

car, a master-controller, and electrical con- .nections consisting of a single'trainconductor t'or each direction of running.

2. In combination, a pluralit'yofcars, main controllers comprising power and braking switches carried by said cars, a master-controller, and electrical connections comprising a single train-conductor for each direction of running' aud for braking in each direction.

3. In combination, a maincontroller comprising aplurality of switches,electricallycontrolled means for operating said switches at a predetermined rate, a master-controller, and electrical connections comprising conductors. equal in number to the switches of the main controller.

4. In combination, a main controller, a pilot-motor therefor, a master-controller, a cutout swltch,-and connections such that bringing the master-controller to its oil position operates the.cut-outswitch.

5; In combination, a main controller, an electromagnetic pilot-motor therefor, a master-controller, an electromagnetic cut-out switch, and circuit connections suc'hYthatbringing the master-controller to its ofl" pos t on operates the'cut-out switch.

troller, an electromagnetic cut-out switch,

and circuit connections'such that bringing the master-controller to its otf position operates the cut-out switch.

8. In. combination, a plurality of controlling-switches, a common actuating means, means for causing engagement between said controlling switches and said actuating means, and a master-controller for controlling said cngagiug means.

0. In combination a plurality ofwgroups of controllingswitches, a pilot-motor for each of.

said groups, meansfor ope'ratively connect-g lng said controlling-switches tosaidmotors, and a master-controller for actuating said m tors and controlling said connecting mean 10. In a systcmof train control, a plurality of cars, caclrprovided-with a controlling switch and a reversing-switch, means for actuating-said cogtrolling-switches, means .'.for-actuating said reversing-switches, and

two train-conductors connecting said reversing-switch and said controlling-switch actuating means with a master-controller, said master-controller being so constructed and arranged that a single manipulation operates itrolliii oth the controlling and reversing switches.

eratively connectingsaid controll ng-switch to said motor, and means for simultaneously actuating said motor and i said connecting means. E

13. In combination, a'controlling-s'witch; a motor for actuating said switch, means tor-operatively connecting said controlling-switch to said motor, a locking means for-said con trollingswitch, and :means for 'sim'ultane-' onsly actuating said- 'motor, said--connect-ing' means, andsaidvlockingmeausgf 14 In 'cQmbinatiom-a controlling-switch, a main sw-i tch,'fmeans-for actuating said con trollingswitch,l rneansJ forractuating said main switch}: and a. master controller si-i multaneo'usly-controlling the said-actuating .m ansr 1 v1 5. In combination, a controlling-switch, a ,main suflibcm'a motor for actuatin'g'said conswitch, electro'magneticnifeans tor operatively-connecting; said "controlling-switch .to said motor, and for cl'osingsaid' main switch, and a single circuit forcontrollingsaid motor and said electromagnetic means.-

v In witness whereof I have hereunto'signod my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses. A

MARTIN T. A. KUBI-ERSCHKY. Witnessesz a 1 V HIENRY Hasrna, WoLDEM-AR-HAUPTQ

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