US646007A - Mechanical draft and underfeed stoker. - Google Patents

Description

No. 646,007.' Patented Mar. 27, I900.

R. M. MOBETH.

MECHANICAL DRAFT AND UNDERFEED STOKER.

(Application filed July 1, 1898.) (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet l.

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No. 646,007. Patented Mar. 27, I900. R. M. MGBETH. MECHANICAL DRAFT AND UNDERFEED STOKER.

(Application filed July 1, 1898.)

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 646,007, dated March 27, 1900 Application filed July 1, 1898. Serial No. 684,963- (No model.)

To all whjom it may concern: Be-it known that-I, ROBERT M. Mo'BE'rH, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city of Cincinnati, in the county of Hamilton and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Mechanical Draft and Under-feed Stoker's Designed to Burn Slack or Slack and Nut Coal in Steam-Boiler and other Furnaces, of which the following is a specification. The several features of my invention and the various advantages resulting from their use conjointly or otherwise will be apparent from the following description and claims.

Figure 1, Sheet 1, is a front and Fig. 2 is a side elevation of a tubular boiler fire-front, showing my stoker as applied to a boiler-furnace. Fig 3, Sheet 2, is a viewpartly in elevat-ion and partly in section, the section being a vertical longitudinal on'e taken in the plane I of the dotted line3 3 of Fig. 1, that part of the section being shown which lies to the left of the dotted line 3 3, the housings A being removed. Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section in elevation, taken in the plane of the dotted line 4 4 of Fig. 5 and is partly in section and partly in elevation, that part of the section being shownwhich' lies to the left of the dotted line 4 4. Fig. 5, Sheet 2, is in general a front elevation of the self-contained stoker. In this view-the housings A and a part of the front casing, &c., have been removed to disclose the parts behind. Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section of the furnace, taken in the plane of the dotted line-6 6 of Figs 2 and 3 and showing that part or plan of the machine which is disclosed when all above the plane of the dotted line 6 6 is removed.

vThe stoker is a self-contained automatic machine mounted on truck-wheels for feeding fuel into boiler and other furnace fires, with none of the working parts on the inside of the furnace, and consists of a fuel-magazine coking-retort which connects the bottom of the magazine with the bottom of the retort, a fuel-feeder-and coal-crusher,

at the bottom of the fuel-magazine and abreast of the retort-mouth, a retort fuel-agitator, twyers for supplying air to the fuel in the retort, a wind-box for supplying air to the twyers and a fire-chamber-Gr and inclined moving grate-bars, and an ash-pit D from which air is passed upward between the gratebars to the incandescent fuel after it has been discharged from retort onto the inclined rocking grate-bars G by the action of the retort fuel-agitator E and the fresh fuel which is constantly entering the retort at its bottom.

,Air is also delivered back of the bridge-wall,

The object in mounting the machine (stoker) on truck-wheels is to provide a quick means of inspection and also to facilitate repairs of the machine and of the walls of the furnace. When such work becomes necessary, the machineis drawn out onto the boilerroom floor, Fig. 4, Sheet 2, and as the stoker forms'the largest part the furnace fire-front below the boiler it gives when removed the largest possible amount of room for the workman to make repairs to the f urnace-walls, and when the machine is out on the floor there is no part to which access cannot be had with ease.

Experience has shown that underfeed mechanical draft stokers as heretofore constructed give out in their most vital parts and are Very difficult and expensive to repair. The twyers and other parts exposed to the action of the heat are fixed and on theinside of the furnace and are not accessible except when the furnace is cold, and under the best conditions the space to make repairs is very limited, and all of the air required for the,

combustion of the fuel is made to pass through the twyers, which are parallel with an'd' yon the inside of the furnace. The tendency of this system is to create an excessive heat in the center of the furnace, thereby increasing the liability of damage to the boiler, twyers, retort, and dead-plates. This system also makes it necessary to use dead-plates in place of grate-bars. The objections to dead-plates in place of grate-bars are that they warp from the heat of the furnace and they shut off all connection between the ash-pit and furnacefire, making it impossible to keep the fires clean while the furnace is in action, and a large part of the ash must pass over the bridgewall and fill up the space behind the wall. In my stoker all of the vital parts are included in the self-contained machine and are not exposed to the intense heat of the furnace and in case of accident can be removed and repaired while the furnace is in action. The fact that the vital working parts which are exposed to the heat do not come in contact with the greatest heat of the furnace, but are at the coolest part of the latter, insures for them a greater length of life. Furthermore, it is to be observed that a very small part of the machine is so exposed, and such small part consists of the retort and retort fuel-agitator, and in case of accident these two lastnamed could be dispensed with and yet obtain good results by hand-stoking without drawing fires.

In the use of grate-bars there is averygreat advantage over the dead-plate system, as the best results cannot be obtained with a constant accumulation of cinder and ash in the furnace-fires. In my stoker the fires are kept clean and free from cinder and ash by the inclined moving grate-bars. The movement also breaks up the clinker, which is the cause of much trouble in other underfeed stokers.

The most important feature of my invention and that which enables me to accomplish the various important results in combustion is the transverse underfeed, which consists in feeding fuel into a coking-retort at right angles to the axis of the retort and in the direction of the draft of the furnace, substantially as shown, the main object hereof being to efie'ct an intimate previous mixture of fresh air with the hot gases in that part of the furnace to which they naturally rise. This system enables me to place the magazine and retort and other parts of the magazine,in combination with the mechanicaldraf t, in such a position as to obtain the proper mixture of fresh air with the gases which are generated at different stages of combustion and must have the properproportion of fresh air at the time and at the part of the furnace in which the gas is generated and independent of the other gases in order to effect perfect combustion, and when this is not done a large amount of useful heat is lost by the gases which escape unburned but without visible smoke.

It is not necessary to use mechanical draft with my machine. Natural draft may be used. Mechanical draft is preferred, because the amount and distribution of the air are under perfect control. From the many variations of the detailed structures which may be employed in carrying mechanical draft into effect I have selected one form for the illustration of the complete operation of my machine. It is impossible for air passed through fuel in one stage of combustion to meet the requirements of the gases generated in another stage of combustion. Hence the necessity of a means for introducing fresh air at the time and places required.

I will now proceed to particularly describe the various portions of the machine under consideration.

A indicates the fire-front, A the hand feeddoors, and A the housings.

F is the fire-brick lining of the fire-front, and F the fire-brick roof over the retort.

Inside the magazine B and at the bottom thereto there is a fuel-feeder and coal-crusher with an oscillating movement operated by the bell-crank arm B Fig. 5. There is preferably such an arm B at each end of the magazine B, and the free end of this arm is connected to a spur-gear crank-wheel J, Fig. 3, which is under the floor, by a rod J The crankwheel J receives its motion from a pinion J on shaft J, the latter driven by a belt A or small engine at one side of the furnace, Fig. 3 and Fig. 1, Sheet 1. The gear of crankwheel J and pinion J are shown conventionall l place the fuel-magazine B and retort D, Fig. 6, Sheet 2, across the front of the firechamber of a furnace, the fire-chamber being provided with inclined rocking grate-bars G and connect the bottom of the magazine with the bottom of the retort by means of the retort-mouth C, Fig. 4. The magazine retortmouth and retort are equal in length, and the length of the retort is equal to the width or size of the furnace. Atthe mouth 0 of the retort and abreast of the same there is a coal feeder and crusher B and B with an oscillating or reciprocating movement. The feederin form is a long cylinder 13*, with an exterior tooth B (the face of which is equal in length to the retort-mouth) for the purpose of forcing the fuel by successive charges from the magazine into the retort D. It is not necessary that the feeder and crusher be of the shape shown and described. This form is preferred because it works with less friction than any other. Any form of feeder may be employed competent to carry into effect the several features of my invention. The feeder is supported by journals B Fig. 5, one at each end, and when the mouth of the retort is to be charged with fuel the tooth B is elevated (see Fig. 4) and the fine slack and nut fuel in the magazine B will fall under the tooth B by gravity and fill the space left by the withdrawal of the tooth, and when the tooth descends (see Fig. 3) any coal too large to enter the mouth (3 of the retort will be crushed between the abutment-walls B of the magazine and the feeder-tooth B, and all of the coal before the tooth will be forced on and into the retort-mouth C and from the ret0rtmouth into the retort D by the successive charges which enters the mouth of the retort O, and I am enabled to deliver and maintain by this means a continuous flow of fine fuel (slack) in a thin stream from the bottom of the magazine B to the retort D. This stream gas is principally obtained through the twyers D Figs. 3 and 4, and as the fuel enters the coking portion of the retort from the bottom upward simultaneously throughout its entire length I am enabled to maintain a uniform depth of incandescent fuel and heat in the retort, which is a'vital point in the expul-' sion and consumption of coal-gas, and as the fuel in the retort works upward (from the action of the fresh fuel entering at the bottom of the retort) it ceases to evolve coalgas, and the fuel in the retort will be in an incandescent state. As fast as this takes place it is fed over onto the inclined grate-bars B by the combined action of the retort-agitator E and the fuel which is forced into the bottom of the retort by the oscillating or reciprocating feeder, and by means of this combination of the transverse feeder and retortagitator I am enabled'to keep a uniform depth of incandescent fuel on the grate-bars, and by the movement of the bars the fuel on the bars is kept free from ash and cinder. This large body of incandescent fuel on the bars will require a large amount of fresh air to complete its combustion. This air is passed upward between the grate-bars from the ashpit D below. There will still be a large amount of useful gas generated fromthe fuel on the grate-bars while the combustion of the r I same is being completed that will be lost unless it meets with the required mixture of fresh air to effect its combustion, and, as heretofore shown, this fresh air cannot be passed through the grate-bars for this particular gas; so I introduce the required air behind the bridge-wall by means of and in combination with the mechanical draft D and an air-box D with a large number of small holes D located near the top of and in the bridge H. The retort=agitator E has a reciprocating movement transmitted througha bell-crank E connected with the arm B which operates the fuel-feeder, and the agitator works alternately with the feedingtooth B of the feed-cylinder B When the feeder-tooth begins to push a charge of fuel into the retort-mouth, the agitator is withdrawn into the wind-box D, Fig. 3, so that the fuel in the retort may not be obstructed in its ascent. By reason of the tapering shape of the retort there is no tendency of the fuel to work back toward the magazine when the feeder-tooth is withdrawn, and as the feedertooth is withdrawn the retort-agitator is projected into the retort D, Fig. 4, and the incandescent fuel pushed over onto the gratebars and in combination with the moving grate-bars and the agitator. The fuel is kept in motion until combustion is completed. This agitator E, Fig. 4, Sheet 2, may be made in several ways. The preferred way is to inserta number of steel or iron pins into a fiat bar in the same manner as a garden-rake is made, but much largerand in sections. It may also be made of cast-iron and connected with a bell-crank shaft E Figs. 4 and 5, Sheet 2. The entire agitator, except bell-crank, is incased inside of the wind-box D which supplies air to the side or top twyers D The agitator points, pins, or pokers pass through the twyers, all parts of the agitator being surrounded by cold air at all times.

By reason of the reciprocating agitator and inclined rocking grate-bars the clinkers will collect in small pieces on the dumping gratebars G and access to the dumping-bars can be had at any time through the ash-doors A Fig. 1, Sheet 1, and Fig. 5, Sheet 2.

When mechanical blast is used, the air re quired for this furnace is preferably supplied from a blower through pipes D and D and is regulated by valves K in the pipe and windboxes.

In Fig. 6, which, as aforementioned, is a plan part in section, taken in the plane of the dotted line 4 4, Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet 1, side walls of and bridge-wall being in'section, the magazine B, wind-box D retort D, grate-bars G and G and wind-box D are exposed to View, also the housings A and pinion-shaft J 2 in dotted lines, and also two rows of twyers D and D The twyers D insure an intimate mixture of fresh air with the coalgas, while the twyers D are designed to furing the coal forward is incased, an obvious advantage derived is that no coal is lost, all waste is prevented, and even that dust from the coal which arises from the operation of the machine is all fed into the fire and consumed and its heat utilized. v

In operating the stoker the fires are started in about the same manner as in a common furnace, and coal is put in through the hand- V retort of the same placed across the front of the fire-chamber of a furnace and arranged to feed fuel into the retort transversely to the axis of the retort, and causing the fuel after it enters the retort to overflow the retort broadside into the fire-chamber, and in the direction of the draft of the furnace, and giving an evenly-distributed bed of incandescent fuel between the side walls of the fire-chamber and from the retort at the front of the fire-chamber back to the bridge-wall, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

2. In a furnace, the combination of a retort and an underfeed thereto consisting of a cylinder provided with an exterior tooth, and a curved wall, and an abutment adjoining said wall, the cylinder and its tooth arranged so that in its oscillation it will crush any coal too large to enter the retort against the abutment, and convey all of the crushed coal to the retort, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

3. In a furnace, the transverse under-feed, a retort and an agitator, adapted to agitate the fuel as it rises into the retort, and to assist in feeding it toward the rear of the furnace, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

4. In a furnace, the transverse underfeed, and a retort and an agitator, adapted to agitate the fuel as it rises into the retort, and to assist in feeding it toward the rear of the furnace, and twyers located in the coking portion of the retort, for supplying fresh air to the fuel, while being agitated by the agitator, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

5. In a furnace, an underfeed, and a retort and an agitator, adapted to agitate the fuel as it rises into the retort, and to assist in feeding it toward the rear of the furnace, and twyers located at the coking portion of the retort, for supplying fresh air to the fuel, while being agitated by the agitator, an airchamber supplied with an air-blast, and embracing the agitator for keeping the agitator cool, and supplying the upper portion of the coking-chamber with air, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

6. In a furnace, an underfeed, and a retort and twyers located in the coking portion of the retort, for supplying the fresh air necessary for the coking process, and thoroughly distributing the same through the fuel from the bottom thereof, and upper twyers or airblast in connection with the upper portion of the coking-chamber for supplying the latter with fresh air, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

. '7. The combination of a retort,whose mouth is long and narrow, in combination with a long fuel-feeder,substantiallyparallel-thereto,and crusher of cylindrical form having a projecting tooth whose face is about equal in length to the retort and retort-mouth and parallel thereto, and feeding the fuel direct from the magazine through the retort-mouth and into the retort, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

8. The combination of a retort, and a magazine, and an underfeeder for feeding the fuel from the magazine to the retort, parallel to each other, the retort and magazine outer walls, ends and bottoms being closed and connected, the inside wall of retort, which forms the partition between the retort and maga zine having a long narrow mouth, below the fire-line, and the feeder being located at that mouth, and adapted to feed the fuel into the mouth transversely from the magazine to the latter, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

9. The combination of the retort having a long mouth, and twyers, located along each side of the retort, and wind-boxes under the twyers for supplying air to the same, and a magazine, parallel to each other, the magazine being connected to the mouth of the retort, and a long fuel-feeder acting abreast of the mouth of the retort, and transversely feeding the fuel into the mouth of the retort, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

10. Ihe combination of the retort and magazine with sides, ends and bottom closed, an inside partition-wall between the retort and magazine, having a long mouth below fireline, and a magazine parallel to same, and connected to the mouth of the retort, and a fuel-feeder acting abreast of the mouth of the retort, and adapted to feed the fuel into the retort transversely to the length of the latter, substantially as and for the purposes speci fied.

11. In a retort with a long narrow mouth, located at the bottom of the side of the re tort, and extending throughout the length of its side, an oblong fuel-magazine along the side of and parallel with the retort, and connected at the bottom thereto, with the bottom side or edge of the mouth of the retort, a transverse fuel-feeder B and B located at the bottom of the magazine and abreast of said retort-mouth, feeding the fuel from the bottom of the magazine into the retort-mouth, and adapted to move the fuel from the magazine into the retort in a direction transverse to the length of the magazine and the retort, and after the fuel enters the retort, the movement is from the bottom upward to the firelevel at the top of the retort, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

12. The combination of a retort with a long side opening or mouth at the bottom of the same, a fuel-magazine lying alongside of the retort-opening, and connected at its bottom, with the retort at the bottom edge of the side opening or mouth of the retort, a transverse underfeeder located at the bottom of magazine and abreast of the said side opening or mouth, feeding the fuel into the retort through the side opening or mouth, and by successive charges forcing the fuel in the retort to move from the bottom upward until it reaches the twyers located at each side of the coking portion of the retort, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

13. In a transverse underfeeding stokingmachine, a retort and magazine placed side by side, the outside walls of the same being the cylinder having an oscillating or recipro- 10 connected at the bottom and the walls of one eating movement and so arranged that when side of the retort forminga partition between in motion said tooth alternately closes and the magazine and retort and a long narrow opens the retort-mouth, substantially as and month (which I call the retort-mouth) at for the purposes specified.

the bottom of the said partition-wall through ROBERT M. MOBETH. which fuel is fed broadside or transversely Attest: from the magazine into the retort by means WALTER A. RYAN,

of a cylinder with a fixed projecting tooth, K. SMITH.

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