US6435812B1 - Bore tube assembly for steam cooling a turbine rotor - Google Patents

Bore tube assembly for steam cooling a turbine rotor Download PDF

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Publication number
US6435812B1
US6435812B1 US09/566,726 US56672600A US6435812B1 US 6435812 B1 US6435812 B1 US 6435812B1 US 56672600 A US56672600 A US 56672600A US 6435812 B1 US6435812 B1 US 6435812B1
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United States
Prior art keywords
cooling medium
tube assembly
tube
conveying
turbine
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Expired - Fee Related
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US09/566,726
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English (en)
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Thomas Daniel DeStefano
Ian David Wilson
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Assigned to ENERGY, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF reassignment ENERGY, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF CONFIRMATORY LICENSE (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/14—Form or construction
    • F01D5/18—Hollow blades, i.e. blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities; Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades
    • F01D5/185—Liquid cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to turbines and particularly to land-based gas turbines for power generation employing closed-circuit steam-cooling paths for cooling the hot gas components and particularly relates to a bore tube assembly facilitating the supply of cooling steam to the hot gas components and return of the spent cooling steam.
  • Steam cooling of hot gas path components has been proposed in the past and found efficacious in land-based power generating plants.
  • gas turbines are typically air-cooled, for example, jet engines employ compressor discharge air for cooling the hot gas components
  • steam cooling is more efficient in that the losses associated with the use of steam as a coolant are not as great as the losses realized by extracting compressor bleed air for cooling purposes.
  • steam cooling is particularly advantageous because the heat energy imparted to the steam as it cools the gas turbine components is recovered as useful work in driving the steam turbine in the combined cycle operation.
  • the forward ends of the inner and outer tube are coupled to an end cap for turning the axially supplied annular flow of cooling steam in a radial outward direction for delivery to the steam-cooled buckets and turning the spent cooling steam flowing radially inwardly from those buckets in an axial direction for flow through the inner tube to a return.
  • the end cap includes first and second axially spaced sets of a plurality each of circumferentially spaced openings in respective communication with the steam supply passage and spent cooling steam return passage.
  • the first and second sets of openings of the end cap communicate with first and second axially spaced sets of a plurality each of circumferentially spaced, radially extending tubes carried by the rotor for respectively distributing the cooling steam to the steam-cooled buckets and conveying the spent cooling steam from the buckets through the end cap and bore tube assembly to the return.
  • the end cap affords a unique steam flow transition between the radial outer components of the rotor and the bore tube assembly.
  • another aspect of the present invention includes an inner core within the end cap.
  • the inner core has a shaped head or body for directing the spent cooling steam returning from the steam-cooled buckets radially inwardly through the tubes into the axially directed return passage of the inner tube of the bore assembly.
  • the inner core also carries a plurality of vanes for removing any tendency of the returning cooling steam to swirl in the axial return flow passage within the inner tube. That is, the vanes remove the swirling components of flow of the steam and direct the steam substantially in an axial direction.
  • a strut ring between the inner and outer tubes of the bore tube assembly which enables thermal expansion and contraction of the inner tube relative to the outer tube.
  • the strut ring includes inner and outer rings, the outer ring preferably being secured by welding to the inner surface of the outer tube of the bore tube assembly.
  • the inner tube is slidable relative to the inner ring of the strut ring to enable thermal axial expansion of the inner tube relative to the strut ring.
  • the strut ring maintains the orientation, i.e., the concentricity of the inner tube relative to the outer tube.
  • a turbine having a rotor rotatable about an axis including a plurality of turbine wheels mounting turbine buckets, a bore tube assembly for conveying a cooling medium to the buckets of at least one of the turbine wheels and conveying spent cooling medium to a return, comprising elongated outer and inner tubes spaced from one another and concentric about the axis defining first and second passages for respectively conveying the cooling medium in one axial direction and conveying spent cooling medium in an axial direction opposite the one direction, an end cap adjacent one end of the tube assembly having first and second sets of a plurality each of circumferentially spaced openings in communication with the first and second passages, respectively and first and second sets of a plurality each of circumferentially spaced radially extending passageways carried by the rotor in communication with the respective first and second sets of openings in the end cap for distributing the cooling medium to the buckets of the one turbine wheel and conveying the spent cooling medium through the end cap and bore
  • a turbine having a rotor rotatable about an axis including a plurality of turbine wheels mounting turbine buckets, a bore tube assembly for conveying a cooling medium to the buckets of at least one of the turbine wheels and conveying spent cooling medium to a return, comprising elongated outer and inner tubes spaced from one another and concentric about the axis defining first and second passages for respectively conveying the cooling medium in one axial direction and conveying spent cooling medium in an axial direction opposite the one direction, first and second sets of a plurality each of circumferentially spaced generally radially extending passageways carried by the rotor in communication with the respective first and second passages for distributing the cooling medium to the buckets of the one turbine wheel and conveying the spent cooling medium through the end cap and bore tube assembly to the return and a bearing journal surrounding at least in part the outer tube, a radiation shield carried by the outer tube for thermally insulating the bearing journal against heat transfer by radiation from the cooling medium
  • a turbine having a rotor rotatable about an axis including a plurality of turbine wheels mounting turbine buckets, a bore tube assembly for conveying a cooling medium to the buckets of at least one of the turbine wheels and conveying spent cooling medium to a return, comprising elongated outer and inner tubes spaced from one another and concentric about the axis defining first and second passages for respectively conveying the cooling medium in one axial direction and conveying spent cooling medium in an axial direction opposite the one direction, a strut ring disposed between the inner and outer tubes and having an outer ring and an inner ring interconnected with one another by a plurality of circumferentially spaced struts, one of the inner ring and the outer ring being fixed to one of the inner tube and the outer tube, respectively, with another of the inner ring and the outer ring and another of the inner tube and the outer tube being slidable relative to one another.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a combined cycle system incorporated in the present invention and employing a gas turbine and heat recovery steam generator for greater efficiency;
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary perspective view with portions broken out and in cross-section of a bore tube assembly and a portion of the main rotor constructed in accordance with the present invention
  • FIGS. 4A, 4 B and 4 C are fragmentary partial enlarged cross-sectional views of the bore tube assembly with the drawing figures forming continuations of one another along the indicated separation lines;
  • FIG. 7 is an end elevational view of the inner core illustrated in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view thereof taken about on line 8 — 8 in FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 9 is an elevational view of the forward face of the inner core
  • FIG. 10 is an enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating a pin connection between the end cap and return disk of the bore tube assembly
  • FIG. 11 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the end of the outer sleeve of the end cap and a recess for the pinning connection with the aft shaft;
  • FIG. 12 is an enlarged axial view of a strut ring used in the bore tube assembly.
  • a typical simple cycle gas turbine will convert 30 to 35% of the fuel input into shaft output. All but 1 to 2% of the remainder is in the form of exhaust heat which exits turbine 20 at 26 . Higher efficiencies can be obtained by utilizing the gas turbine 10 in a combined cycle configuration in which the energy in the turbine exhaust stream is converted into additional useful work.
  • FIG. 2 represents a combined cycle in its simplest form, in which the exhaust gases exiting turbine 20 at 26 enter a heat recovery steam generator 28 in which water is converted to steam in the manner of a boiler. Steam thus produced drives one or more steam turbines 30 in which additional work is extracted to drive through shaft 32 an additional load such as a second generator 34 which, in turn, produces additional electric power. In some configurations, turbines 20 and 30 drive a common generator. Combined cycles producing only electrical power are generally in the 50 to 60% thermal efficiency range and using a more advanced gas turbine, of which the present tube assembly forms a part, permits efficiencies in excess of 60%.
  • the turbine section 36 includes a number of stages including four successive stages comprising turbine wheels 38 , 40 , 42 and 44 mounted to and forming part of the rotor shaft for rotation therewith, each carrying a row of buckets, two buckets B being illustrated for wheels 38 and 40 , respectively, which buckets project radially outwardly of the wheels.
  • the buckets are, of course, arranged alternately between fixed nozzles, also not shown. Between the wheels 38 , 40 , 42 and 44 , there are provided spacer disks 39 , 41 , 43 .
  • a coolant supply and return aft disk 45 forming an integral part of an aft shaft 76 is provided on the aft side of the last stage turbine wheel 44 . It will be appreciated that the wheels and disks are secured to one another by a plurality of circumferentially spaced, axially extending bolts, not shown, as is conventional in turbine construction.
  • a bore tube assembly according to the present invention is generally designated 48 .
  • Assembly 48 forms part of the rotor, is mounted for rotation about the rotor axis A and is connected to the cooling support and return aft disk 45 .
  • the bore tube assembly and aft disk 45 cooperate to provide a flow of a cooling medium, e.g., steam, to the turbine buckets of at least one of the turbine stages and preferably to the first two stages of the turbine and a passage for flow of the spent cooling medium, e.g., steam, to a return.
  • the cooling system may be provided as part of a closed-circuit steam cooling supply and return system in a combined cycle system, i.e., split off from the high pressure steam turbine exhaust or may be supplied from an existing in-plant supply.
  • the bore tube assembly 48 includes an outer tube 50 and an inner tube 52 concentric with outer tube 50 about the axis of rotation of the rotor shaft 24 .
  • the outer and inner tubes 50 and 52 respectively, define an annular cooling steam supply passage 54 , while the inner tube 52 provides a spent cooling steam passage 56 .
  • a steam gland 58 is disposed about the bore tube assembly. It will be appreciated that the steam gland 58 is fixed and the bore tube assembly rotates about the rotor shaft axis A .
  • a steam plenum 60 connected to a supply of steam from a suitable source, not shown, lies in communication with a steam inlet 62 formed through the outer tube 50 for supplying cooling steam to the passage 54 between the outer and inner tubes 50 and 52 .
  • the bearing 74 is a conventional bearing and includes the aft shaft 76 , integral with disk 48 , shaft 76 being rotatable with the bore tube assembly 48 .
  • Various seals are disposed at opposite ends of the aft main bearing cooperate with the aft shaft to seal the main bearing.
  • the forward end of the bore tube assembly includes an end cap, generally designated 80 .
  • End cap 80 includes an outer generally cylindrical member secured to the aft disk 45 and having a closed end 82 and an opposite open end secured, e.g., by welding, to the outer tube 50 of the bore tube assembly.
  • Forming an integral part of the end cap 80 are cylindrical outer and inner sleeves 83 and 84 .
  • the aft end 86 of inner sleeve 84 is secured to the forward end of the inner tube 52 .
  • the aft end of the outer sleeve 83 is secured, e.g., by welding, to the forward end of the outer tube 50 . Consequently, the cylindrical open end of the end cap defines continuations of the coolant supply passage 54 and spent coolant return passage 56 .
  • a first set of a plurality of circumferentially spaced openings 88 lying in a diametrical plane about axis A are provided about the outer sleeve 83 of the end cap 80 .
  • the openings 88 lie in communication with the first passage 54 of the bore tube assembly and its continuation through the concentric inner and outer sleeves of the end cap.
  • a second set of circumferentially spaced openings 90 preferably axially spaced from the first set of openings 88 , and also lying in a second diametrical plane, is provided adjacent the forward end of end cap 80 .
  • the second set of openings 90 lie in communication with the spent coolant return passage 56 via inner sleeve 84 .
  • the second set of tubes 94 lie in communication with return tubes 96 also extending within the rotor in an axial direction for returning spent cooling steam from the cooled buckets to the tubes 94 and into the end cap 80 by way of openings 90 .
  • the tubes 92 and 94 thus constitute first and second axially spaced sets of a plurality each of circumferentially spaced extending passageways 93 , 95 in communication with the respective first and second sets of openings 88 , 90 in the end cap for respectively conveying cooling medium from passage 54 through end cap 80 to the buckets and returning spent cooling medium from the buckets through the bore tube assembly, including end cap 80 and inner tube 52 , along passage 56 .
  • Inner core 100 Within the end cap assembly, there is provided an inner core 100 .
  • Inner core 100 includes a central body 102 having a flat base 104 for securement to the inside end face of the end cap 80 by bolted connections, five bolt holes 103 being illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7 (a single bolt 101 therefor being illustrated in FIGS. 4 A and 5 ).
  • the inner core 100 is a forged piece, preferably formed of Inconel 718 . Casting of the inner core is an alternative method. Additionally, two dowel pins, one being illustrated at 106 in each of FIGS. 4A and 5, are employed to carry the shear load between the inner core 100 and end cap 80 , the bolts 101 carrying the tension load.
  • the bore tube assembly must be prevented from twisting within the aft shaft. This is accomplished by using radial pins through the aft shaft engaging the forward end of the bore assembly.
  • the aft shaft 76 has a plurality of apertures 126 at circumferentially spaced locations for receiving pins 128 .
  • the inner ends of the pins 128 engage in circumferentially spaced recesses 130 formed on the outer peripheral surface of the outer sleeve 83 of the end cap 80 . It will be appreciated that these pins engaging in the recesses prevent both circumferential and axial movement of the aft shaft relative to the bore tube assembly.
  • a strut ring is disposed between the outer and inner tubes 50 and 52 , respectively.
  • the strut ring includes an outer ring 132 and an inner ring 134 connected one to the other by a plurality of circumferentially spaced struts 136 .
  • the outer ring 132 is preferably secured to the outer tube 50 , for example, by welding.
  • the inner ring 134 is slidably connected to the inner tube 52 .
  • the reverse arrangement is also possible, i.e., the inner ring being secured to the inner tube and the outer ring being slidable relative to the outer tube, but is not preferred.
  • the inner tube is maintained concentric with the outer tube 50 while simultaneously thermal expansion of the inner tube in an axial direction is accommodated by relative sliding movement between tube 52 and inner ring 134 .
  • the inner and outer tubes are fixed to the rotor at their forward ends and, consequently, the inner tube can axially expand in an aft direction relative to the outer tube.
  • the fit between the inner ring 134 and the inner tube 52 includes a hard surface coating ground to very close tolerances.
  • the struts 136 extend between the inner and outer rings 134 and 132 , respectively, at angles inclined to the radii, as illustrated in FIG. 2 . That is, acute angles form between radii of the strut ring and the struts 136 .
  • the otherwise generally radial forces applied to the radial extending struts 136 by radial outward thermal expansion of the inner tube 52 are mitigated by angling the struts relative to the radii.
  • the inner ring 134 tends to rotate slightly and the struts tend to flex as the inner tube 52 expands in a radial direction under thermal loading.
  • the upstream or leading edges of the struts 136 lie generally in a plane normal to the axis of the flow passage 54 .
  • the trailing edges of struts 136 are angled relative to the axis, i.e., angled in a direction generally radially outwardly from the inner tube and in a downstream direction. That is, with the leading edges extending normal to the axis, the trailing edges are canted so that the outer diameter of each strut has a longer axial length than its inner diameter.
  • the particular shape of the struts is significant as the struts in this configuration and orientation tend to reduce vortex shedding and vibration as the cooling steam flows along passage 54 .
  • FIG. 4B there is also a plurality of air inlet passages 140 through the aft shaft 76 .
  • a thermal radiation shield 142 is disposed about outer tube 50 and is spaced from the aft shaft 76 to provide an axially extending concentric gap for receiving the air flow from air passages 140 .
  • the air passing through this annular air passage exits the rotor through a plurality of holes in the same axial plane as the pins 128 at the forward end of the bore tube assembly.
  • An annular air gap lies between the thermal radiation shield 142 and outer bore tube 50 . Consequently, the shield 142 precludes heat transfer by radiation from the cooling steam in passage 54 to the aft main bearing. Also, the air gap and the air passage form thermal insulators between the cooling steam in passage 54 and the main bearing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
US09/566,726 1998-12-18 2000-05-09 Bore tube assembly for steam cooling a turbine rotor Expired - Fee Related US6435812B1 (en)

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US09/566,726 US6435812B1 (en) 1998-12-18 2000-05-09 Bore tube assembly for steam cooling a turbine rotor

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US21636398A 1998-12-18 1998-12-18
US09/566,726 US6435812B1 (en) 1998-12-18 2000-05-09 Bore tube assembly for steam cooling a turbine rotor

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US21636398A Continuation 1998-12-18 1998-12-18

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US (1) US6435812B1 (de)
EP (1) EP1010858B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4308388B2 (de)
KR (1) KR100592134B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69929666T2 (de)

Cited By (7)

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US6655153B2 (en) * 2001-02-14 2003-12-02 Hitachi, Ltd. Gas turbine shaft and heat shield cooling arrangement
US20040256807A1 (en) * 2003-06-23 2004-12-23 Nitin Bhate Retrofittable non-metallic brush seal assembly
US20050013686A1 (en) * 2003-07-14 2005-01-20 Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation Turbine vane plate assembly
US20070053770A1 (en) * 2005-09-08 2007-03-08 General Electric Company Methods and apparatus for operating gas turbine engines
US20100290904A1 (en) * 2009-05-15 2010-11-18 General Electric Company Coupling for rotary components
US9574453B2 (en) 2014-01-02 2017-02-21 General Electric Company Steam turbine and methods of assembling the same
US11078843B2 (en) 2018-05-31 2021-08-03 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Thermal management of a gas turbine engine shaft

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JP4527824B2 (ja) * 1998-12-22 2010-08-18 ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ タービンロータの軸受用冷却系
JP4690531B2 (ja) * 1999-09-27 2011-06-01 三菱重工業株式会社 ガスタービンのロータ尾端部の軸構造
DE60136753D1 (de) 2000-09-26 2009-01-08 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Wellenanordnung für eine dampfgekühlte Gasturbine

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US5144794A (en) * 1989-08-25 1992-09-08 Hitachi, Ltd. Gas turbine engine with cooling of turbine blades
US5593274A (en) 1995-03-31 1997-01-14 General Electric Co. Closed or open circuit cooling of turbine rotor components
US5738488A (en) * 1996-11-12 1998-04-14 General Electric Co. Gland for transferring cooling medium to the rotor of a gas turbine
US5795130A (en) * 1995-11-24 1998-08-18 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Heat recovery type gas turbine rotor
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US5738488A (en) * 1996-11-12 1998-04-14 General Electric Co. Gland for transferring cooling medium to the rotor of a gas turbine
US6155040A (en) * 1997-07-31 2000-12-05 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Gas turbine
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"39th GE Turbine State-of-the-Art Technology Seminar", Tab 39, "Single-Shaft Combined Cycle Power Generation Systems", Tomlinson et al., Aug. 1996.
"39th GE Turbine State-of-the-Art Technology Seminar", Tab 4, "MWS6001FA-An Advanced-Technology 70-MW Class 50/60 Hz Gas Turbine", Ramachandran et al., Aug. 1996.
"39th GE Turbine State-of-the-Art Technology Seminar", Tab 5, "Turbomachinery Technology Advances at Nuovo Pignone", Benvenuti et al., Aug. 1996.
"39th GE Turbine State-of-the-Art Technology Seminar", Tab 6, "GE Aeroderivative Gas Turbines-Design and Operating Features", M.W. Horner, Aug. 1996.
"39th GE Turbine State-of-the-Art Technology Seminar", Tab 7, "Advance Gas Turbine Materials and Coatings", P.W. Schilke, Aug. 1996.
"39th GE Turbine State-of-the-Art Technology Seminar", Tab 8, "Dry Low NOX Combustion Systems for GE Heavy-Duty Turbines", L. B. Davis, Aug. 1996.
"39th GE Turbine State-of-the-Art Technology Seminar", Tab 9, "GE Gas Turbine Combustion Flexibility", M. A. Davi, Aug. 1996.
"Advanced Turbine System Program-Conceptual Design and Product Development", Annual Report, Sep. 1, 1994-Aug. 31, 1995.
"Advanced Turbine System Programs Conceptual Design and Product Development", Final Technical Progress Report, Aug. 31, 1996, Morgantown, WV.
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"GE Breaks 60% Net Efficiency Barrier" paper, 4 pages.
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"General Electric's DOE/ATS H Gas Turbine Development" Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Review Meeting, Nov. 7-8, 1996, Washington, D.C., Publication Release.
"H Technology Commercialization", 1998 MarComm Activity Recommendation, Mar., 1998.
"H Technology", Jon Ebacher, VP, Power Gen Technology, May 8, 1998.
"H Testing Process", Jon Ebacher, VP, Power Gen Technology, May 8, 1998.
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"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. I, "Advanced Combustion Turbines and Cycles: An EPRI Perspective", Touchton et al., pp. 87-88, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. I, "Advanced Turbine System Program Phase 2 Cycle Selection", Latcovich, Jr., pp. 64-69, Oct., 1995.
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"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. I, "Advanced Turbine Systems Program Industrial System Concept Development", S. Gates, pp. 43-63, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. I, "Allison Engine ATS Program Technical Review", D. Mukavetz, pp. 31-42, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. I, "Ceramic Stationary as Turbine", M. van Roode, pp. 114-147, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. I, "Design Factors for Stable Lean Premix Combustion", Richards et al., pp. 107-113, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. I, "DOE/Allison Ceramic Vane Effort", Wenglarz et al., pp. 148-151, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. I, "General Electric ATS Program Technical Review Phase 2 Activities", Chance et al., pp. 70-74, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. I, "H Gas Turbine Combined Cycle", J. Corman, pp. 14-21, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. I, "High Performance Steam Development", Duffy et al., pp. 220-220, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. I, "Industrial Advanced Turbine Systems Program Overview", D.W. Esbeck, pp. 3-13, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. I, "Land-Based Turbine Casting Initiative", Mueller et al., pp. 161-170, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. I, "Materials/Manufacturing Element of the Advanced Turbine Systems Program", Karnitz et al., pp. 152-160, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. I, "Overview of Allison/AGTSR Interactions", Sy A. Ali, pp. 103-106, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. I, "Overview of Westinghouse's Advanced Turbine Systems Program", Bannister et al., pp. 22-30, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. I, "Pratt & Whitney Thermal Barrier Coatings", Bornstein et al., pp. 182-183, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. I, "Technical Review of Westinghouse's Advanced Turbine Sytems Program", Diakunchak et al., pp. 75-86, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. I, "The AGTSR Consortium: An Update", Fant et al., pp. 93-102, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. I, "Turbine Airfoil Manufacturing Technology", Kortovich, pp. 171-181, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. I, "Westinhouse Thermal Barrier Coatings", Goedjen et al., pp. 194-199, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. II, "Advanced Combustion Technologies for Gas Turbine Power Plants", Vandsburger et al., pp. 328-352, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. II, "Advanced Turbine Cooling, Heat Transfer, and Aerodynamic Studies", Han et al., pp. 281-309, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. II, "Combustion Modeling in Advanced Gas Turbine Systems", Smoot et al., pp. 353-370, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. II, "Functionally Gradient Materials for Thermal Barrier Coatings in Advanced Gas Turbine Systems", Banovic et al., p. 276-280, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. II, "Heat Transfer in a Two-Pass Internally Ribbed Turbine Blade Coolant Channel with Cylindrical Vortex Generators", Hibbs et al., pp. 371-390, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. II, "Lean Premixed Combustion Stabilized by Radiation Feedback and heterogeneous Catalysis", Dibble et al., pp. 221-232, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. II, "Lean Premixed Flames for Low NoX Combustors", Sojka et al., pp. 249-275, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. II, "Life Prediction of Advanced Materials for Gas Turbine Application", Zamrik et al., pp. 310-327, Oct., 1995.
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"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. II, Rayleigh/Raman/LIF Measurements in a Turbulent Lean Premixed Combustor, Nandula et al. pp. 233-248, Oct., 1995.
"39th GE Turbine State-of-the-Art Technology Seminar", Tab 1, ""F" Technology—the First Half-Million Operating Hours", H.E. Miller, Aug. 1996.
"39th GE Turbine State-of-the-Art Technology Seminar", Tab 25, "Steam Turbines for STAG™ Combined-Cycle Power Systems", M. Boss, Aug, 1996.
"39th GE Turbine State-of-the-Art Technology Seminar", Tab 28, "High-Power-Density™ Steam Turbine Design Evolution", J. H. Moore, Aug.1996.
"39th GE Turbine State-of-the-Art Technology Seminar", Tab 4, "MWS6001FA—An Advanced-Technology 70-MW Class 50/60 Hz Gas Turbine", Ramachandran et al., Aug. 1996.
"39th GE Turbine State-of-the-Art Technology Seminar", Tab 6, "GE Aeroderivative Gas Turbines—Design and Operating Features", M.W. Horner, Aug. 1996.
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"Advanced Turbine Systems (ATS Program) Conceptual Design and Product Development", Final Technical Progress Report, vol. 2—Industrial Machine, Mar. 31, 1997, Morgantown, WV.
"Power Systems for the 21st Century—"H" Gas Turbine Combined Cycles", Thomas C. Paul et al., Report.
"Proceedings of the 1997 Advanced Turbine Systems", Annual Program Review Meeting, Oct. 28-29, 1997.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting, vol. II", "Advanced Multistage Turbine Blade Aerodynamics, Performance, Cooling, and Heat Transfer", Fleeter et al., pp. 410-414, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", "Advanced Multistage Turbine Blade Aerodynamics, Performance, Cooling and Heat Transfer", Sanford Fleeter, pp. 335-356, Nov., 1996.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", "Advanced Turbine Cooling, Heat Transfer, and Aerodynamic Studies", Je-Chin Han, pp. 407-426, Nov., 1996.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", "Advanced Turbine Systems Program Overview", David Esbeck, pp. 27-34, Nov., 1996.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", "Allison Advanced Simple Cycle Gas Turbine System", William D. Weisbrod, pp. 73-94, Nov., 1996.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", "ATS Materials Support", Michael Karnitz, pp. 553-576, Nov., 1996.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", "Bond Strength and Stress Measurements in Thermal Barrier Coatings", Maurice Gell, pp. 315-334, Nov., 1996.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", "Ceramic Stationary Gas Turbine", Mark van Roode, pp. 633-658, Nov., 1996.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", "Closed-Loop Mist/Steam Cooling for Advanced Turbine Systems", Ting Wang, pp. 499-512, Nov., 1996.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", "Combustion Chemical Vapor Deposited Coatings for Thermal Barrier Coating Systems", W. Brent Carter, pp. 275-290, Nov., 1996.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", "Combustion Instability Studies Application to Land-Based Gas Turbine Combustors", Robert J. Santoro, p. 233-252.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", "Combustion Modeling in Advanced Gas Turbine Systems", Paul O. Hedman, pp. 157-180, Nov., 19967.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", "Compatibility of Gas Turbine Materials with Steam Cooling", Vimal Desai, pp. 291-314, Nov., 1996.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", "Development of an Advanced 3d & Viscous Aerodynamic Design Method for Turbomachine Components in Utility and Industrial Gas Turbine Applications", Thong Q. Dang, pp. 393-406, Nov., 1996.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", "Effect of Swirl and Momentum Distribution on Temperature Distribution in Premixed Flames", Ashwani K. Gupta, pp. 211-232, Nov., 1996.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", "EPRI's Combustion Turbine Program: Status and Future Directions", Arthur Cohn, pp. 535,-552 Nov., 1996.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", "Experimental and Computational Studies of Film Cooling with Compound Angle Injection", R. Goldstein, pp. 447-460, Nov., 1996.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", "Flow and Heat Transfer in Gas Turbine Disk Cavities Subject to Nonuniform External Pressure Field", Ramendra Roy, pp. 483-498, Nov., 1996.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", "Flow Characteristics of an Intercooler System for Power Generating Gas Turbines", Ajay K. Agrawal, pp. 357-370, Nov., 1996.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", "Heat Pipe Turbine Vane Cooling", Langston et al., pp. 513-534, Nov., 1996.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", "Heat Transfer in a Two-Pass Internally Ribbed Turbine Blade Coolant Channel with Vortex Generators", S. Acharya, pp. 427-446.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", "Hot Corrosion Testing of TBS's", Norman Bornstein, pp. 623-631, Nov., 1996.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", "Improved Modeling Techniques for Turbomachinery Flow Fields", B. Lakshiminarayana, pp. 371-392, Nov, 1996.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", "Land Based Turbine Casting Initiative", Boyd A. Mueller, pp. 577-592, Nov., 1996.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", "Life Prediction of Advanced Materials for Gas Turbine Application," Sam Y. Zamrik, pp. 265-274, Nov., 1996.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", "Manifold Methods for Methane Combustion", Stephen B. Pope, pp. 181-188, Nov., 1996.
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"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", "NOX and CO Emissions Models for Gas-Fired Lean-Premixed Combustion Turbines", A. Mellor, pp. 111-122, Nov., 1996.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", "Overview of GE's H Gas Turbine Combined Cycle", Cook et al., pp. 49-72, Nov., 1996.
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"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", "The AGTSR Industry-University Consortium", Lawrence P. Golan, pp. 95-110, Nov., 1996.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", "The Role of Reactant Unmixedness, Strain Rate, and Length Scale on Premixed Combustor Performance", Scott Samuelsen, pp. 189-210, Nov., 1996.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", "Turbine Airfoil Manufacturing Technology", Charles S. Kortovich, pp. 593-622, Nov., 1996.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", "Western European Status of Ceramics for Gas Turbines", Tibor Bornemisza, pp. 659-670, Nov., 1996.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", "Westinghouse's Advanced Turbine Systems Program", Gerard McQuiggan, pp. 35-48, Nov., 1996.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", Active Control of Combustion Instabilities in Low NOX Turbines, Ben T. Zinn, pp. 253-264, Nov., 1996.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. II, "Active Control of Combustion Instabilities in Low NOX Gas Turbines", Zinn et al., pp. 550-551, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. II, "Advanced 3D Inverse Method for Designing Turbomachine Blades", T. Dang, p. 582, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. II, "ATS and the Industries of the Future", Denise Swink, p. 1, Nov., 1996.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. II, "Bond Strength and Stress Measurements in Thermal Barrier Coatings", Gell et al., pp. 539-549, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. II, "Combustion Chemical Vapor Deposited Coatings for Thermal Barrier Coating Systems", Hampikian et al., pp. 506-515, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. II, "Combustion Instability Modeling and Analysis", Santoro et al., pp. 552-559, Oct., 1995.
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"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. II, "Flow and Heat Transfer in Gas Turbine Disk Cavities Subject to Nonuniform External Pressure Field", Roy et al., pp. 560-565, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. II, "Gas Turbine Association Agenda", William H. Day, pp. 3-16, Nov., 1996.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. II, "Heat Pipe Turbine Vane Cooling", Langston et al., pp. 566-572, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. II, "Improved Modeling Techniques for Turbomachinery Flow Fields", Lakshminarayana et al., pp. 573-581, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. II, "Intercooler Flow Path for Gas Turbines: CFD Design and Experiments", Agrawal et al., pp. 529-538, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. II, "Manifold Methods for Methane Combustion", Yang et al., pp. 393-409, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. II, "Power Needs in the Chemical Industry", Keith Davidson, pp. 17-26, Nov., 1996.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. II, "Premixed Burner Experiments: Geometry, Mixing, and Flame Structure Issues", Gupta et al., pp. 516-528, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. II, "Steam as Turbine Blade Coolant: Experimental Data Generation", Wilmsen et al., pp. 497-505, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. II, "Use of a Laser-Induced Fluorescence Thermal Imaging System for Film Cooling Heat Transfer Measurement", M. K. Chyu, pp. 465-473, Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. II, Effects of Geometry of Slot-Jet Film Cooling Performance, Hyams et al., pp. 474-496 Oct., 1995.
"Proceedings of the Advanced Turbine Systems Annual Program Review Meeting", vol. II, The Role of Reactant Unmixedness, Strain Rate, and Length Scale on Premixed Combustor Performance, Samuelsen et al., pp. 415-422, Oct., 1995.
"Status Report: The U.S. Department of Energy's Advanced Turbine systems Program", facsimile dated Nov. 7, 1996.
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"The Next Step In H . . . For Low Cost Per kW-Hour Power Generation", LP-1 PGE '98.
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"Utility Advanced Turbine System (ATS) Technology Readiness Testing and Pre-Commercial Demonstration—Phase 3", Document #587906, Jul. 1-Sep. 30, 1995, Publication Date, Dec. 31, 1995, Report Nos: DOE/MC/31176-5339.
"Utility Advanced Turbine System (ATS) Technology Readiness Testing and Pre-Commercialization Demonstration" Jan. 1-Mar. 31, 1996, DOE/MC/31176-5338.
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"Utility Advanced Turbine System (ATS) Technology Readiness Testing.", Document #656823, Jan. 1-Mar. 31, 1998, Publication Date, Aug. 1, 1998, Report Nos.: DOE/MC/31176-17.
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US20040042896A1 (en) * 2001-02-14 2004-03-04 Hitachi, Ltd. Gas turbine shaft and heat shield cooling arrangement
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US20040256807A1 (en) * 2003-06-23 2004-12-23 Nitin Bhate Retrofittable non-metallic brush seal assembly
US20050013686A1 (en) * 2003-07-14 2005-01-20 Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation Turbine vane plate assembly
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US20070053770A1 (en) * 2005-09-08 2007-03-08 General Electric Company Methods and apparatus for operating gas turbine engines
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EP1010858A2 (de) 2000-06-21

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