US6430994B1 - Process for the continuous determination of the interaction between drilling fluids and shale formations - Google Patents

Process for the continuous determination of the interaction between drilling fluids and shale formations Download PDF

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Publication number
US6430994B1
US6430994B1 US09/721,649 US72164900A US6430994B1 US 6430994 B1 US6430994 B1 US 6430994B1 US 72164900 A US72164900 A US 72164900A US 6430994 B1 US6430994 B1 US 6430994B1
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Prior art keywords
shale
sample
interaction
drilling
process according
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US09/721,649
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English (en)
Inventor
Alberto Marsala
Stefano Carminati
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Eni Tecnologie SpA
Eni SpA
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Eni Tecnologie SpA
Eni SpA
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Assigned to ENI S.P.A., ENITECNOLOGIE S.P.A. reassignment ENI S.P.A. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CARMINATI, STEFANO, MARSALA, ALBERTO
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/07—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/30—Arrangements for calibrating or comparing, e.g. with standard objects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/024—Mixtures
    • G01N2291/02441—Liquids in porous solids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/028—Material parameters
    • G01N2291/02827—Elastic parameters, strength or force
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/042—Wave modes
    • G01N2291/0421—Longitudinal waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/048—Transmission, i.e. analysed material between transmitter and receiver
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/10—Number of transducers
    • G01N2291/102—Number of transducers one emitter, one receiver

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for the continuous determination of the interaction between drilling fluids and shale formations.
  • the present invention relates to a process for continuously verifying the effect of drilling fluids on the stability of shale formations in oil well drilling, by measuring the ultrasonic wave transmission velocity on clay cuttings subjected to aging in drilling fluids.
  • drilling fluids are prepared with additives suitable for maintaining (or if possible improving) the mechanical properties of the shales and inhibiting swelling.
  • the effectiveness of these additives is evaluated by tests which are specified in API procedures, for example, dispersion tests of clay cuttings in mud (hot-rolling test) or laboratory procedures (for example measuring the swelling of clay samples).
  • tests which are specified in API procedures for example, dispersion tests of clay cuttings in mud (hot-rolling test) or laboratory procedures (for example measuring the swelling of clay samples).
  • techniques for evaluating the mechanical characteristics have the great disadvantage of being destructive, costly and time-consuming.
  • a process has now been found which overcomes the above disadvantages, as it allows the mechanical properties of shales to be evaluated in the presence of drilling fluids in relation to the interaction time.
  • the process of the present invention also has the advantage of not being destructive.
  • the present invention relates to a process for the continuous determination of the inter-action between drilling fluids and shale formations, which comprises:
  • the process of the present invention can be applied to cuttings produced during drilling, or to shale samples prepared by suitably cutting well or outcrop cores. Alternatively, it is possible to operate on reconstituted shale samples.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of the acoustic velocity values obtained using the process of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of the change in the compression wave transmission velocities over time using the process of the present invention.
  • step a The water- or oil-based drilling fluids and relative preparation (step a) are well-known to experts in the field (see for example Gray G. R. and Darley H. C. H.: “Composition and properties of oil well drilling fluids”; Gulf Publishing Company, fourth edition, Houston Tex. U.S.A., 1980).
  • Step (b) of the process of the present invention consists of the preparation of the shale sample. This is carried out by cutting suitably-sized (at least 2 mm thick) test-samples. When cuttings are used, these can either be derived from wells or be prepared from cores (well or out-crop). Cuttings are normally prepared with an automatic slitter in demineralized water or oil to obtain the desired test-samples, which must have at least two flat, parallel surfaces. Those which have cracks are discharged. It is essential for them not to be exposed to the air as the response of the sample greatly depends on the degree of saturation. When well cuttings are used, owing to their irregular geometry, they must be subjected to smoothing or cutting until two flat, parallel surfaces are obtained. This can be achieved by smoothing each cutting by means of a diamond sandpaper disk lubricated with oil or deminerallzed water, until two flat, parallel surfaces are obtained.
  • Step (c) consists in preparing the mixture of (a)+(b), preferably prepared by pouring (b) into (a), under the desired temperature conditions, indicatively from 5° C. to 90° C., preferably from 20° C. to 60° C.
  • step (d) the continuous measurement of the compressional wave transmission velocity is carried out on clay cuttings immersed in a fluid (drilling mud or other).
  • a fluid drilling mud or other.
  • the clay cutting is placed inside the container filled with the fluid with which it interacts, and set on the signal emitter transducer.
  • the other transducer (which acts as emitter and receiver) is placed near the other side of the cutting.
  • Variations in these measurements indicate complete interaction between fluid and shale.
  • the variation in the velocity in the clay cutting indicates a variation in its mechanical properties. This is confirmed by comparison with the mechanical indentation index values measured on the same shale cuttings subjected to interaction.
  • a comparative example is provide to sustain this confirmation.
  • FIG. 2 indicates the acoustic velocity values obtained according to the process of the present invention, of samples of Pierre Shale 2 aged in the solutions specified in the table.
  • the same figure indicates, for comparative purposes, the hardness values obtained with a destructive test, i.e., with the indentation test, on the same samples of Pierre Shale 2 on which acoustic measurements had been previously run (the indentation test is carried out by measuring the force applied to a point with a diameter of 1 mm to penetrate the shale by 0.3 mm at a rate of 0.01 mm/s and gives a direct indication of the hardness of the rock, and consequently of the mechanical stability of the shale formation).
  • Avasilix® 22 AVA: sodium silicate (Silicate-Na);
  • FIG. 3 indicates the trend of the compressional wave transmission velocities through two cuttings of Pierre Shale 2 immersed in two different aqueous solutions, specifically 11% of Sodium Chloride solution (NaCI) and 10% of Potassium Chloride (KCl).
  • NaCI Sodium Chloride solution
  • KCl Potassium Chloride
  • the trend shows how the interaction takes place during the first 5-6 hours, and is then stabilized. This result agrees with what is calculated by means of the diffusion coefficient of a fluid inside the Pierre Shale 2 clay (the size of the samples is a 5 mm-side cube).
  • the trend of the velocity variation through samples of Pierre Shale 2 in contact with the two different fluids also indicates different effects (increase in the one case and decrease in the other) on the mechanical properties following said physico-chemical interactions.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
US09/721,649 1999-11-26 2000-11-27 Process for the continuous determination of the interaction between drilling fluids and shale formations Expired - Fee Related US6430994B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT1999MI002476A IT1313693B1 (it) 1999-11-26 1999-11-26 Procedimento per determinare in continuo l'interazione tra fluidi diperforazione e formazione argillose.
ITMI99A2476 1999-11-26

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US6430994B1 true US6430994B1 (en) 2002-08-13

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EP (1) EP1103811A3 (it)
IT (1) IT1313693B1 (it)
NO (1) NO20005971L (it)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006086243A3 (en) * 2005-02-08 2006-11-30 Texas Instruments Inc Real-time content based gamma adjustment for digital video display
CN103837598A (zh) * 2014-03-20 2014-06-04 西南石油大学 一种井下泥页岩吸水前沿测试装置
CN104101649A (zh) * 2014-06-17 2014-10-15 南京大学 利用声速判定页岩中的有机质含量的方法
US20140373619A1 (en) * 2013-06-19 2014-12-25 Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. Method and apparatus for measuring deformation of elastomeric materials
CN104569149A (zh) * 2013-10-27 2015-04-29 中国石油化工集团公司 一种钻井液抑制性评价方法
US9222350B2 (en) 2011-06-21 2015-12-29 Diamond Innovations, Inc. Cutter tool insert having sensing device

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109828032B (zh) * 2019-02-25 2021-07-09 山东科技大学 预应力旋转润湿声波灵敏度监测仪

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5345819A (en) * 1990-10-22 1994-09-13 Chevron Research And Technology Company Method and apparatus for wellbore stability analysis
US5511615A (en) * 1994-11-07 1996-04-30 Phillips Petroleum Company Method and apparatus for in-situ borehole stress determination
US5679885A (en) * 1993-07-29 1997-10-21 Institut Francais Du Petrole Process and device for measuring physical parameters of porous fluid wet samples
US5741971A (en) * 1996-01-17 1998-04-21 Bj Services Company Method for analyzing physical properties of materials

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2667155B1 (fr) * 1990-09-24 1993-05-21 Centre Nat Rech Scient Procede et dispositif de la mesure de concentration de au moins deux fluides dans un milieu poreux.
US5265461A (en) * 1991-03-19 1993-11-30 Exxon Production Research Company Apparatuses and methods for measuring ultrasonic velocities in materials

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5345819A (en) * 1990-10-22 1994-09-13 Chevron Research And Technology Company Method and apparatus for wellbore stability analysis
US5679885A (en) * 1993-07-29 1997-10-21 Institut Francais Du Petrole Process and device for measuring physical parameters of porous fluid wet samples
US5511615A (en) * 1994-11-07 1996-04-30 Phillips Petroleum Company Method and apparatus for in-situ borehole stress determination
US5741971A (en) * 1996-01-17 1998-04-21 Bj Services Company Method for analyzing physical properties of materials

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006086243A3 (en) * 2005-02-08 2006-11-30 Texas Instruments Inc Real-time content based gamma adjustment for digital video display
US9222350B2 (en) 2011-06-21 2015-12-29 Diamond Innovations, Inc. Cutter tool insert having sensing device
US20140373619A1 (en) * 2013-06-19 2014-12-25 Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. Method and apparatus for measuring deformation of elastomeric materials
CN104569149A (zh) * 2013-10-27 2015-04-29 中国石油化工集团公司 一种钻井液抑制性评价方法
CN104569149B (zh) * 2013-10-27 2017-06-06 中国石油化工集团公司 一种钻井液抑制性评价方法
CN103837598A (zh) * 2014-03-20 2014-06-04 西南石油大学 一种井下泥页岩吸水前沿测试装置
CN103837598B (zh) * 2014-03-20 2016-05-18 西南石油大学 一种井下泥页岩吸水前沿测试装置
CN104101649A (zh) * 2014-06-17 2014-10-15 南京大学 利用声速判定页岩中的有机质含量的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO20005971D0 (no) 2000-11-24
IT1313693B1 (it) 2002-09-09
ITMI992476A0 (it) 1999-11-26
EP1103811A3 (en) 2005-01-12
NO20005971L (no) 2001-05-28
EP1103811A2 (en) 2001-05-30
ITMI992476A1 (it) 2001-05-26

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