US6389891B1 - Method and apparatus for establishing and/or monitoring the filling level of a medium in a container - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for establishing and/or monitoring the filling level of a medium in a container Download PDF

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US6389891B1
US6389891B1 US09/577,100 US57710000A US6389891B1 US 6389891 B1 US6389891 B1 US 6389891B1 US 57710000 A US57710000 A US 57710000A US 6389891 B1 US6389891 B1 US 6389891B1
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Prior art keywords
unit
oscillable
mode
change
mass
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US09/577,100
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Sascha D'Angelico
Sergej Lopatin
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Endress and Hauser SE and Co KG
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Endress and Hauser SE and Co KG
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Assigned to ENDRESS + HAUSER GMBH + CO. reassignment ENDRESS + HAUSER GMBH + CO. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: D'ANGELICO, SASCHA, LOPATIN, SERGEJ
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/02—Analysing fluids
    • G01N29/022—Fluid sensors based on microsensors, e.g. quartz crystal-microbalance [QCM], surface acoustic wave [SAW] devices, tuning forks, cantilevers, flexural plate wave [FPW] devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
    • G01F23/296—Acoustic waves
    • G01F23/2961—Acoustic waves for discrete levels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
    • G01F23/296—Acoustic waves
    • G01F23/2966—Acoustic waves making use of acoustical resonance or standing waves
    • G01F23/2967—Acoustic waves making use of acoustical resonance or standing waves for discrete levels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F25/00—Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume
    • G01F25/20—Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume of apparatus for measuring liquid level
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/02—Analysing fluids
    • G01N29/036—Analysing fluids by measuring frequency or resonance of acoustic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
    • G01N9/002—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity using variation of the resonant frequency of an element vibrating in contact with the material submitted to analysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/025—Change of phase or condition
    • G01N2291/0256—Adsorption, desorption, surface mass change, e.g. on biosensors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/028—Material parameters
    • G01N2291/02818—Density, viscosity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/028—Material parameters
    • G01N2291/02836—Flow rate, liquid level
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/042—Wave modes
    • G01N2291/0427—Flexural waves, plate waves, e.g. Lamb waves, tuning fork, cantilever

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for establishing and/or monitoring the filling level of a medium in a container and to the determination of the density of a medium in a container in accordance with the preamble of claims 1 and 10, respectively.
  • Apparatuses having at least one oscillating element so-called vibration detectors, for detecting or for monitoring the filling level of a medium in a container have already become known.
  • the oscillating element is usually at least one oscillating bar which is fastened to a diaphragm.
  • the diaphragm is excited to oscillate via an electromechanical transducer, for example a piezoelectric element.
  • the oscillations of the diaphragm also cause the oscillating element fastened to the diaphragm to execute oscillations.
  • Vibration detectors constructed as filling level measuring instruments utilize the effect that the oscillation frequency and the oscillation amplitude depend on the respective degree of coverage of the oscillating element: whereas the oscillating element can execute its oscillations freely and undamped in air, it experiences a change in frequency and amplitude as soon as it is immersed partially or completely in the medium. Consequently, a predetermined change in frequency (the frequency is usually measured) can be used to draw an unambiguous conclusion on the achievement of the predetermined filling level of the medium in the container. Furthermore, filling level measuring instruments are chiefly used as protection against overfilling or for the purpose of safeguarding against pumps running dry.
  • the damping of the oscillation of the oscillating element is also influenced by the respective density of the medium. Consequently, in the case of a constant degree of coverage there is a functional relationship with the density of the medium, with the result that vibration detectors are better suited both for determining filling level and for determining density.
  • the oscillations of the diaphragm are picked up and converted into electrical reception signals with the aid of at least one piezoelectric element.
  • the electrical reception signals are subsequently evaluated by an electronic evaluation system.
  • the electronic evaluation system monitors the frequency of oscillation and/or the amplitude of oscillation of the oscillating element and signals the state of “sensor covered” or “sensor uncovered” as soon as the measured values undershoot or overshoot a prescribed reference value.
  • An appropriate message to the operating staff can be made optically and/or acoustically.
  • a switching operation is triggered as an alternative or in addition; for example, a feed valve or discharge valve on the container is opened or closed.
  • the instruments previously mentioned for measuring the filling level or the density are used in many sectors of industry, for example in the chemical industry, in the foodstuffs industry or in water treatment.
  • the bandwidth of the monitored charge materials ranges from water through yoghurt, colorants and coatings to highly viscous charge materials such as honey or up to greatly foaming charge materials such as beer.
  • the object is achieved with regard to the method by virtue of the fact that at least a first mode and a second mode of the oscillations of the oscillable unit are evaluated, and that the evaluated modes are used to detect a change in mass of the oscillable unit.
  • the invention is based on the physical effect that different oscillation modes are formed upon excitation of the oscillable unit. It is set forth below in yet more detail which different oscillation modes occur for a vibration detector having, for example, paddle-shaped oscillating bars.
  • the first mode is a mode whose oscillations are essentially independent of the medium
  • the second mode is a mode whose oscillations are influenced by the medium.
  • the first mode is selected as a mode whose natural frequency or resonant frequency is shifted as a consequence of a change in mass, but whose resonant frequency remains essentially unchanged when the oscillable unit comes into contact with the medium. Consequently, the first mode can be any mode in which the cross-sectional surfaces of the “oscillating bars/medium” of the oscillating bars are small in the direction of oscillation.
  • Selected as second mode is a mode whose natural frequency changes strikingly as soon as the oscillable unit comes into contact with the medium.
  • An advantageous development of the method according to the invention provides that a change in the first mode whose oscillations are essentially independent of the medium is used to detect whether a change in mass has occurred at the oscillable unit. It is provided, in particular, that a change in frequency of the oscillations of the first mode is used to detect a formation of coating or a loss in mass at the oscillable unit.
  • first variant of the method according to the invention provides for the selection of two modes which exhibit entirely different reactions as a consequence of the change in mass or as a consequence of the contact with the medium
  • second variant adopts a different avenue.
  • it is provided to select two modes as first mode and as second mode of the oscillations of the oscillable unit, the two modes respectively having a first component which is a function of the coupling to the mass of the medium, and the two modes having a second component which is independent of the coupling to the mass of the medium and which depends only on the respective mass of the oscillable unit.
  • An advantageous development of the method according to the invention provides for drawing conclusions on the change in mass of the oscillable unit with the aid of the functional relationship of the first and the second modes of the oscillations of the oscillable unit on the medium and on the mass of the oscillable unit.
  • the sole requirement which is to be made of the selection of the two modes is that they differ sufficiently from one another.
  • ⁇ F c the relative frequency shift of a first mode
  • ⁇ F D the relative frequency shift of a second mode
  • m k a measure of each type of mass coupling to and damping by the medium.
  • ⁇ c 1 (m k ), ⁇ D 2 (m k ) the frequency shift curves of two sufficiently different modes (for example, mode C and mode D) of the oscillable unit, as a function of the mass coupling m k of the oscillable unit, and the damping of the oscillable unit by the medium ( ⁇ immersion curves);
  • ⁇ c 2 (m a ), ⁇ D 2 (m a ) the frequency shift curves of two sufficiently different modes (for example, mode C and mode D) of the oscillable unit as a function of the formation of coating m a on the oscillable unit ( ⁇ coating curves).
  • An advantageous refinement of the method according to the invention provides that an error message is output when the changes in frequency, caused by change in mass of the oscillable unit, of a first and/or a second mode of the oscillations of the oscillable unit overshoot a prescribed desired value.
  • control/evaluation unit uses at least a first mode and a second mode of the oscillations of the oscillable unit for the purpose of evaluation, and that the control/evaluation unit detects a change in mass at the oscillable unit with the aid of the evaluated modes.
  • An advantageous refinement of the apparatus according to the invention provides that the evaluation/control unit is integrated into the apparatus for determining and/or monitoring the filling level and/or for determining the density of the medium.
  • the apparatus according to the invention is in this case a so-called compact sensor.
  • the error message can be digitally output, for example optically, acoustically and/or via at least two data lines.
  • a refinement of the apparatus according to the invention which is alternative to the compact sensor provides at least two data lines via which the measured data are led to the evaluation/control unit or via which the evaluation/control unit communicates with a remote control point. It is particularly advantageous in this connection when the respective measured data and/or correction data are transmitted digitally to the remote control point.
  • digital data communication has the known advantage of increased interference immunity.
  • recourse may be made to the known transmission protocols and transmission standards for the communication.
  • an output unit which outputs an error message to the operating staff optically and/or acoustically when, preferably within the limits of prescribed tolerance values, a prescribed desired value of the change in frequency which is to be ascribed to a change in mass of the oscillable unit is overshot or undershot.
  • control/evaluation unit is assigned a storage unit in which desired values are stored for tolerable changes in frequency which originate from a change in mass.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic of the apparatus according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows possible, selected oscillation modes of a preferred oscillable unit with two paddle-shaped oscillating bars
  • FIG. 3 shows sketches of immersion curves of the modes A and B, illustrated in FIGS. 2 a and 2 b, with and without coating mass and in the case of a negative change in mass
  • FIG. 4 shows sketches of immersion curves of the modes illustrated in FIGS. 2 c and 2 d, with and without coating mass
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic of the coating curves of different modes in air
  • FIG. 6 shows a graph of the tuples of the change in frequency.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic of the apparatus 1 according to the invention for establishing and/or monitoring the filling level of a medium in a container—it may be said that the container and medium are not separately illustrated in FIG. 1 .
  • the apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 is suitable both for detecting filling level and for determining the density of the medium located in the container.
  • the oscillable unit 2 is immersed or not immersed in the medium only when the detected limit filling level is reached, for the purpose of monitoring or for the purpose of determining the density ⁇ it must be immersed continuously into the medium up to a predetermined depth of immersion h.
  • the container can be, for example, a tank or else a tube which is flowed through by the medium.
  • the apparatus 1 has an essentially cylindrical housing. Provided on the lateral surface of the housing is a thread 7 .
  • the thread 7 serves to fasten the apparatus 1 to the height of a predetermined filling level, and is arranged in a corresponding opening in the container. It goes without saying that other types of fastening, for example by means of a flange, can replace the screwing.
  • the housing of the vibration detector 1 is closed of by the diaphragm 5 at its end region projecting into the container (not shown), the diaphragm 5 being clamped in its edge region into the housing.
  • the oscillable unit 2 projecting into the container is fastened to the diaphragm 5 .
  • the oscillable unit 2 is configured as a tuning fork, and therefore comprises two mutually spaced oscillating bars 3 , 4 which are fastened to the diaphragm 5 and project into the container.
  • the diaphragm 5 is set oscillating by a drive/receiving element 6 , the drive element exciting the diaphragm 5 to oscillate at a prescribed oscillating frequency.
  • the drive element is, for example, a stack drive or a biomorph drive. Both types of piezoelectric drives are sufficiently known from the prior art and so a corresponding description can be dispensed with here.
  • the oscillable unit 2 Because of the oscillations of the diaphragm 5 , the oscillable unit 2 also executes oscillations, the oscillation frequencies being different when the oscillable unit 2 is in contact with the medium and a coupling exists to the mass of the medium, or when the oscillable unit 2 can oscillate freely and without contact with the medium.
  • the receiving unit can be a single piezoelectric element.
  • the drive/receiving unit 6 excites the diaphragm 5 to oscillate as a function of a transmitted signal present at the piezoelectric element; furthermore, it serves to receive and convert the oscillations of the diaphragm 5 into electrical reception signals.
  • the voltage difference causes the diaphragm 5 clamped into the housing to sag.
  • the oscillating bars 3 , 4 , arranged on the diaphragm 5 , of the oscillable unit 2 execute oppositely directed oscillations about their longitudinal axis because of the oscillations of the diaphragm 5 .
  • Modes with oppositely directed oscillations have the advantage that the alternating forces exerted by each oscillating bar 3 , 4 on the diaphragm 5 cancel one another. This minimizes the mechanical stress of the clamping, with the result that approximately no oscillation energy is transferred to the housing or to the fastening of the vibration detector. Consequently, the fastening means of the vibration detector 1 are effectively prevented from being stimulated to execute resonant oscillations which could, in turn, interfere with the oscillations of the oscillable unit and falsify the measured data.
  • the electrical reception signals are relayed via data lines 8 , 9 to the control/evaluation unit 10 .
  • the control/evaluation unit 10 is assigned a storage unit 11 in which there are stored desired values which permit the control/evaluation unit to detect a formation of coating on the oscillable unit 2 and, if appropriate, to exercise a correcting influence on the measured values.
  • An error message is transmitted to the operating staff in the case shown via the output unit 14 .
  • the control center 12 arranged apart from the vibration detector 1 .
  • the control/evaluation unit 10 and the control center 12 communicate with one another via the data line 13 . It is preferred for the communication to be performed on a digital basis because of the enhanced interference immunity of the transmission.
  • FIGS. 2 a, 2 b, 2 c and 2 d show four selected and possible oscillation modes of an oscillable unit 2 with two oscillating bars 3 , 4 constructed in the shape of paddles.
  • the immersion curve ⁇ F is essentially independent of the mass coupling m k to the medium, since the cross-sectional surfaces interacting with the medium are relatively small because of the oscillating movements which occur parallel to the paddle surface.
  • the oscillation frequency is therefore essentially independent of the immersion depth h of the oscillable unit 2 into the medium, but it does exhibit a clear dependence on the coating mass m a present on the oscillating bars 3 , 4 .
  • FIG. 3 shows the immersion curves ⁇ F(h) of the modes A and B, illustrated in FIG. 2 b, with and without coating mass m a . Also illustrated in FIG. 3 are the corresponding immersion curves ⁇ F(h) for a negative change in mass of the oscillable unit 2 , that is to say a mass loss (m k ) on the oscillable unit 2 ; a mass loss occurs, for example, as a consequence of corrosion or mechanical wear of the oscillating bars 3 , 4 .
  • m k mass loss
  • the immersion curves ⁇ F(h) that is to say the change in frequency ⁇ F of the mode B as a function of the immersion depth h, approximately have the gradient of zero independently of the mass of the oscillable unit 2 . Thus, they run essentially parallel to the x-axis. Logically, the change in frequency ⁇ F increases with rising or falling change in mass m a .
  • the immersion curves ⁇ F(h) of the mode A likewise illustrated in FIG. 3, exhibit an entirely different behavior: here, a change in frequency is very clearly dominated by the immersion depth h of the oscillable unit 2 into the medium. Again, a positive or negative change in mass m a , m k of the oscillable unit 2 is expressed in a parallel displacement of the immersion curves ⁇ F(h).
  • both modes, mode A and mode B are therefore best suited for use in connection with a first configuration of the method according to the invention.
  • the determination of the degree of formation of coating (or the mass loss) is performed, specifically, with the aid of two modes, the first mode being a mode whose oscillations are essentially independent of the medium, and the second mode being a mode whose oscillations are essentially influenced only by the medium.
  • the change in frequency ⁇ F determined with the aid of the mode B dependent on the coating mass m a (or the mass loss) is used for inline correction of the measured data of the vibration detector 1 .
  • the information on the degree of formation of coating on the oscillable unit 2 or of the mass loss of the oscillable unit 2 can also be used for predictive maintenance purposes: the operating staff are shown or informed when the oscillable unit 2 must be cleaned or replaced by a unit 2 free from coating.
  • FIGS. 2 c and 2 d show two possible modes of an oscillable unit 2 with two oscillating bars 3 , 4 which are constructed in the form of paddles and are preferably used in the second variant of the method according to the invention. It is assumed here that both modes C and D are dependent both on the mass coupling m k of the oscillable unit to the medium and on the coating mass which has formed on the oscillable unit. Furthermore, the two selected modes must differ from one another clearly with regard to their immersion curves ⁇ F(h). The fact that this is the case can be clearly seen with the aid of the sketched curves shown in FIG. 4 .
  • modes A, B and C are illustrated in FIG. 5 .
  • mode B exhibits only a slight dependence on the coating mass m a
  • modes C and D exhibit a strong dependence on a change in mass on the oscillable unit 2 .
  • the immersion curves and coating curves illustrated in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 and preferably determined empirically can be approximated in a known way by means of approximation functions and thereby described mathematically.
  • the measured values are plotted in FIG. 6 for the tuples of frequency difference against ⁇ F c , ⁇ F D .
  • the measured points differ from one another with regard to the immersion depth h and/or with regard to the coating mass m a formed on the oscillable unit.
  • the measured points with the same coating mass m a are connected to one another in each case in FIG. 7 .
  • the measured values in the upper region of FIG. 6 represent the state of “low coating mass” while the measured values in the lower region represent the state of “high coating mass”.
  • the control/evaluation unit 10 In order to evaluate the measured data, it is therefore sufficient for the control/evaluation unit 10 to measure the changes in frequency of two sufficiently different oscillation modes, mode C and mode D in the case illustrated, and compare them with values which are stored in a table. The position of the measured values can then be used to make a clear distinction as to whether the formation of coating or the mass loss is still in the uncritical region, or whether an alarm must be triggered.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Levels Of Liquids Or Fluent Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Control Of Conveyors (AREA)
  • Basic Packing Technique (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
US09/577,100 2000-03-24 2000-05-24 Method and apparatus for establishing and/or monitoring the filling level of a medium in a container Expired - Lifetime US6389891B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE10014724A DE10014724A1 (de) 2000-03-24 2000-03-24 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Feststellung und/oder Überwachung des Füllstandes eines Mediums in einem Behälter
DE10014724 2000-03-24

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US (1) US6389891B1 (de)
EP (1) EP1266194B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2003529065A (de)
CN (1) CN1182373C (de)
AT (1) ATE504811T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2001235463A1 (de)
DE (2) DE10014724A1 (de)
RU (1) RU2240513C2 (de)
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US6644116B2 (en) * 2001-06-19 2003-11-11 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Device for determining and/or monitoring the level of a medium in a container
US20040056612A1 (en) * 2000-03-08 2004-03-25 Jutta Kuhny Device for determining and/or monitoring a predetermined level in a container
US20040078164A1 (en) * 2000-11-22 2004-04-22 Sergej Lopatin Method and device for determining and/or monitoring the level of a medium in a container, or for determining the density of a medium in a container
WO2004034003A1 (de) * 2002-09-17 2004-04-22 Vega Grieshaber Kg Vibrations-füllstandssensor
US20040093941A1 (en) * 2001-03-28 2004-05-20 Sergej Lopatin Device for establishing and/or monitoring a predetermined fill level in a container
US20040107055A1 (en) * 2002-10-18 2004-06-03 Symyx Technologies, Inc. Application specific integrated circuitry for controlling analysis of a fluid
US20040149030A1 (en) * 2001-06-27 2004-08-05 Clemens Heilig Device for determining and/or monitoring filling of a medium in a container
US20050140522A1 (en) * 2001-12-12 2005-06-30 Clemens Heilig Field device electronics with a sensor mechanism for process measurement
US20050209796A1 (en) * 2003-03-21 2005-09-22 Symyx Technologies, Inc. Integrated circuitry for controlling analysis of a fluid
US20060142954A1 (en) * 2002-07-26 2006-06-29 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Device for the determination or monitoring of a physical or chemical process parameter
EP1804048A1 (de) 2005-12-30 2007-07-04 Services Pétroliers Schlumberger Dichte- und Viskositätssensor
US20070199379A1 (en) * 2006-02-28 2007-08-30 Wolf Henry A Metal loss rate sensor and measurement using a mechanical oscillator
US20070227243A1 (en) * 2003-12-18 2007-10-04 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Method and Apparatus for Manufacturing a Measuring Device for
US20080044705A1 (en) * 2006-08-14 2008-02-21 Won-Hyouk Jang Density sensing device and fuel cell system with it
US20080072667A1 (en) * 2003-06-23 2008-03-27 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Accretion Alarm for Field Devices
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US20100083752A1 (en) * 2006-07-19 2010-04-08 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Apparatus for ascertaining and/or monitoring a process variable of a meduim
US7718439B2 (en) 2003-06-20 2010-05-18 Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. System and method for coding information on a biosensor test strip
EP2246688A1 (de) 2009-04-29 2010-11-03 Nest International N.V. Vorrichtung zur Messung der Flüssigkeitsdichte
US7977112B2 (en) 2003-06-20 2011-07-12 Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. System and method for determining an abused sensor during analyte measurement
US20110226054A1 (en) * 2008-11-14 2011-09-22 Jeffery Allan Sears Vibrating element apparatus
US20110226064A1 (en) * 2008-11-14 2011-09-22 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Apparatus for determining and/or monitoring a process variable
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RU2240513C2 (ru) 2004-11-20
CN1182373C (zh) 2004-12-29
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DE10014724A1 (de) 2001-09-27

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