US638983A

US638983A - Dust-collector.

Info

Publication number: US638983A
Application number: US70509599A
Authority: US
Inventors: William Silas Osborne
Original assignee: ELWIN C BRYANT
Current assignee: ELWIN C BRYANT
Priority date: 1899-02-09
Filing date: 1899-02-09
Publication date: 1899-12-12
Anticipated expiration: 1916-12-12

Description

No. 638,983. Patented Dec. l2, I899.

W. S. OSBORNE.

DUST COLLECTOR.

lication filed Feb. 9, 1899.)

No. 638,983. Patented Dec. l2, I899. W. S. OSBORNE.

DUST COLLECTOR.

App1ication filed Feb. 9, 1899.) (No Model.) 2 sheets-sheet 2.

llwrrnn STATES PATENT Prion.

WILLIAM SILAS OSBORNE, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO ELWVIN O. BRYANT, OF SAME PLACE.

DUST-COLLECTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 638,983, dated December 12, 1899. Application filed February 9, 1899. Serial No. 705,095. (N0 model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, WILLIAM SILAS Os- BORNE, a citizen of the United States, residing at the city of St. Louis, State of Missouri, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Dust-Collectors, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact descrip tion, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which-- Figure 1 is a conventional illustration showing my improved dust-collectoremployed to collect the free carbon and heavy gases escaping from smoke-stacks leading from smelters or other kinds of furnaces. Fig. 2 is a similar View showing a slight modification of my invention. Fig. 3 is an enlarged view,in side elevation, of the collector proper. Fig. 4 is a partial top plan View of the same. Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view of the upper portion of the collector, and Fig. 6 is a horizontal sectional View on line 6 6 of Fig; 5.

This invention relates to a new-and useful improvement in dust-collectors, the object being to so construct a device of the character described that it will collect practically all of the lighter particles of dust from foreign matter which are usually incapable of being handled by the dust-collectors now in general use.

, With this object in 'view my invention consists in the construction, arrangement, and combination of the several parts constituting my improved dust-collector.

Another feature of the invention resides in the system I employ for utilizing my improved collector in connection with the stacks from smelters or other furnaces for collecting free carbon and obnoxious gases.

In the drawings, referring more particularly to Sheet 2, the dust-collector proper consists of a head A or condensing-chamber of polygonal form, preferably octagonal, in cross-section, into which the dust-laden air enters through a pipe B, said pipe being introduced into said head at one of the corners of the octagon, so that the line of the pipe is practically parallel to one of the sides of the octagon and at an angle of forty-five degrees to the other adjacent side. This head, as

I term it, contains a chamber 1, whose side walls consist of panels a and b, respectively, forming the outer and inner walls of the octagonally-shaped head. The top wall 0 may be substantially horizontal, as shown; but I prefer to form the bottom wall d inclined downwardly and outwardly, as shown more clearly in Fig. 5.

Leading from the outer and lower corners of the head A are pipes O, which start from the chamberl practicallyin aright line relatively to the direction of the currents of air as given by the relative arrangement of the panels constituting the side walls of said head. Pipes 0 at a short distance from head A are returned, finally assuming a direction practically at an angle of forty-five degrees from their axial line of commencement, and enter through suitable openings at the corners of the wall I), which extends below the head A, which wall 7) below said head A is an outside wall of the body portion proper of the collector. Pipes 0, I will assume, lead into what I term a second chamber, defined by the walls I), which second chamberl have marked 2 in the drawings. At a suitable distance below the head A the walls b are bent, as shown more clearly in Fig. 3, to converge toward each other, forming a discharge-opening, from which leads a pipe D to any suitable receptacle for the collected material.

Depending from the top wall 0 of head A is a solid curtain-wall 6, open at its bottom, which curtain-wall forms a cylinder, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6. The top Wall 0 is provided with an opening f, axially in alinement with cylinder e, which opening, however, is of considerably smaller diameter than the diameter of said cylinder. I will call the space Within cylinder c the third or discharge chamber for the purified air, and have marked the same 3 in the drawings.

Arranged in the upper portion of the second chamber, preferably supported by suitable U-shaped rivet-s secured in wall 0, is a spray-pipe E, into which water or low-pres sure steam is admitted through the pipe E.

This spray-pipe is preferably used only in connection with the separation of gases.

F indicates a steam pipe or nozzle entering pipe B at its juncture with head A, said steam pipe or nozzle being so arranged as todirect steam at low pressure in accordance with the travel of the dust-laden air.

One of the panels of the walls 17, preferably that one in line with the inlet-pipe B, is provided with a double wall practically the height of the head A, which double wall opens at one endsay its rear endinto chamber 2, while its other or front end opens into chamber 1. These double wallsform a skimmer, which serves to draw or suck the dustladen air from the main body proper back into the head or condensing-chamber.

The operation of the dust-collector as above described is as follows: Assuming the dust laden air to enter the head A under suitable pressure, the particles of dust will first be subjected to the steam entering in a like direction through the pipe F. This steam be ing low-pressure steam and containing considerable moisture will have most, if not all, of its moisture absorbed by the dust. The amount of steam entering pipe F can of course be regulated so that condensation thereof can be prevented in the sense that all of the moisture will be absorbed by the dust.

As the diameter of pipe B is greater than the diameter of any single pipe 0, it follows that all of the dust-laden air cannot possibly pass through or be carried from the head A by a single pipe 0. However, the dust-laden air, having been moistened, becomes heavy and is acted upon by centrifugalforce, so as to be thrown outwardly against the outer walls CL of chamber 1, and, gravity asserting itself, the particles made heavier by the absorbed moisture will fall to the bottom of said chamber and, no other escape olfering itself, will pass into the pipes O. A peculiar action I have observed in this connection is that at the corners of the octagon, as indicated by the small arrows m, a counter-current is ostensibly set up, with a result that an eddy is formed at the mouth of each pipe 0. These eddies of course are located above the mouths of pipe 0; but their action is to collect a con siderable quantity of dust and hold it in the corners until gravity asserts itself by causing the dust to fall in line with the outgoing currents through the pipes O. From chamher 1 the particles of dust made heavier by absorbing moisture from the steam passes through the pipes G into the body portion proper of the collector, entering at angles thereinto, in which chamber 2 the air, necessarily whirling about the cylinder 6, whose lower end extends some little distance below the points of entrance of the pipes C, will cause the particles of dust to be thrown outwardly against the wallb by centrifugal force, the corners thereof collecting large quantities of dust in circular eddies, until gravity finally causes said eddies to discharge their suspended particles in the pipe D. In myjudgment there is a suction in these corners which tends to draw the dust into the discharge-pipe.

hen the collector is used for the separa- .tion of gas and smoke from the air, pure water or water containing salt and ammonia or any other suitable ingredient that is desired, being introduced under pressure into the spray-ring E in the separation of gases, will materially assist in settling light gases, which would otherwise arise in chamber 2. The spray-openings in pipe E discharge water against the walls I) and 6, so that the water practically washes these surfaces, with the result that the eddies in the corners of the wall I) will constantly turn the current and give the air every'opportunity to free itself from its carried gases. This spray of water, which is designed to be constant during the operation of the collector, when used for separating gas and smoke from the air by washingthe walls as above described prevents an undue accumulation of matter in the collector, which might affect its efficiency. The spray falling against the walls 7) carries down the heavier particles and such lighter gases as itcan collect into and through the discharge-pipe D, while the spray delivered against the cylinder (2 will run off from the lower edge of said cylinder, forming practically a continuous circular sheet of water, through which the air must pass before escaping through the dischargeopening f, and in so passing said sheet of water it gives up any remaining gases which it might carry off. Furthermore, the skimmer opening from chamber 2 into chamber 1 affords an escape for such light gases or particles of dust as are not carried off as above described, introducing said particles into chamber 1', where they again have an opportunity of absorbing moisture and becoming sufficiently heavy to be acted upon by centrifugal force and gravity.

In Sheet 1 of the drawings I have shown an application of my invention designed particularly for use in collecting free carbon and heavy poisonous gases escaping from the stacks of smelting-furnaces. I11 this construction G indicates a hood arranged over the stack II, which hood is preferably f unnelshaped and arranged at such distance above the stack as to admit air at a point above the stack. These hoods or funnels connect with a pipe H, which pipe leads into the eye of a fan I, which fan draws the gases, &c., from the stacks, through the pipe H, and discharges them into a pipe J, which connects to the pipe B of the separator. The second fan I, having a water-pipe leading into its eye, discharges said water in a spray into a pipe J, which is joined to the pipe J and acts as a blast-pipe for forcing a sufiicient quantity of air and water into the pipe B to act on the material collected by the fan I. Exhaust-steam from chamber K is also admitted into the forward end of pipe II, the object being to have the material from the stack absorb moisture from said steam in pipe H.

In Fig. 2 I have shown a blast-fan I for forcing air and lowpressure steam into one end of pipe H, siphoning the material through the hoods G. Pipe H in this construction discharges into a chamberL,which chamber has a water-spray in its top, collected by a receptacle M, through which the material passes in its escape through a pipe N, leading into the eye of a second fan 0, which discharges said material into pipe B and into the collector. These arrangements are employed for introducing Water or moisture to be absorbed by the particles to be collected in the collector, and while I have shown fans and water-sprays arrangedin certain positions in the construction illustrated in the drawings still it is obvious that there may be other ways of moistening the material in the system for the purpose of making the same heavy.

lVhen the collector is used for the separation of light dust from air, where water would hurt the material to be separated, the sprayring E is only employed to wash the collector, and the steam-pipe F in the head or condensing-chamberis used for the purpose of admitting steam to moisten the dust and make the same heavy. By controlling the water of condensation in pipe F dry steam only is admitted, and the amount or volume of this dry steam can be regulated so that the material or dust which absorbs moisture therefrom will only be given enough moisture to cause the same to fall. Should a great quantity of steam be admitted in air laden with dust particles of a certain nature, such dust would become soaked and cake or ball, which would be detrimental to the effective separation of such material from the air.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a dust-collector, the combination with a head A, of a body portion in juxtaposition thereto, and pipes leading tangentially from said head and entering said body portion tangentially; substantially as described.

2. In a dust-collector, the combination with a polygonal body portion, of ahead surrounding the same, a skimmer opening into said head and body portion, and pipes 0 leading from the head at different points circumferentially and connecting with the body portion beneath said head; substantially as described.

In a dust-collector, the combination wit-h a head Whose side walls form an octagon, of a body portion inclosed by said head, pipes 0 connecting the outer Walls of the head with the outer walls of said body portion, and an open-ended cylinder in the upper end of said body portion; substantially as described.

4:. The combination with a dust-collector comprising a head, a body portion in juxtaposition thereto, tangentiallyarranged inclined pipes C connecting said head and body portion, and a steam-pipe arranged in said head; substantially as described.

5. The combination with a head, A, inletpipe B, leading into said head, pipes 0, lead ing tangentially from said head and entering the body portion and a body portion within the head, of a cylinder in the upper part of said body portion, and a spray-pipe around said cylinder; substantially as described.

6. The combination with apolygonal-shaped head, of a polygonal-shaped body portion within said head, an inlet-pipe for the dustladen air entering said head, and pipes leading from the corners of said head for receivingthe dust collected in the corners thereof, and conducting the same into the body portion; substantially as described.

7. In a dust-collector, the combination with a polygonal shaped head, of a polygonalshaped body portion arranged within the head and extending therebeneath, aninlet-pipe for conducting dust-laden air into said head under pressure, pipes leading from the lower circumferential corners of the head, and enterin g the corners of the body portion beneath the head, an open-ended cylinder in the up per part of said body portion, and a spraypipe encircling the cylinder; substantially as described.

8. In a dust-collector, the combination with a polygonal-shaped head, of a polygonal shaped body portion,extending partially within the head, an inlet-pipe for conducting dustladen air into said head, pipes leading from the lower circumferential corners of the head and entering the corners of the body portion beneath the head, an open-ended cylinder in the upper part of said body portion, a spraypipe around said cylinder, and a skimmer openinginto said head and body portion; substantially as described.

9. The combination with a head A, comprising the octagonal side walls a and b, the top wall a, and the inclined bottom Wall cl, of pipes 0, leading from the corners of the outer wall, a, and entering the corners of the wall 6, below the head, a discharge-pipe D, at the bottom which discharge-pipe is formed by the converging wall (Z, a spray-pipe in the upper end of said body portion, an inlet-pipeB leading into the head,and a steam-pipe introduced into said inlet-pipe for directing a blast of steam into said head; substantially as described.

10. The combination With a hood for collectin g products of combustion from a smokestack, of a pipe into which said hood leads, a fan for drawing products of combustion through said hood into said pipe, a spraying device into which said pipe discharges products of combustion, and a pipe leading from said spraying device into a dust-collector consisting of a head for receiving the products of combustion, and a body portion extending signature,in the presence of two Witnesses, partially Within said head, and externally-a this 31st day of January, 1899. ranged pipes, leading from the lower portion of said head and connecting With the body VILLIAM SILAS OSBORNE 5 portion beneath said head; substantially as itnesses:

described. F. R. CORNWALL,

In testimony whereof I hereunto my A. S. GRAY.