US513090A

US513090A - Dust or shavings collector

Info

Publication number: US513090A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1894-01-23
Anticipated expiration: 1911-01-23

Description

(No Model.)

H. L. DAY. v DUST OR SHAVINGS COLLECTOR.

No. 513,090. Patented Jan. 23, 1894.

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H. L. DAY.

DUST 0R SHAVINGS COLLECTOR.

No. 513,090. Patented Jan. 23, 1894.

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NlTED- STATES PATENT OFFICE.

DUST OR SHAVINGS COLLECTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 513,090, dated January 23, 1894.

Application filed April 28, 1893. Serialll'o.4=7 2,166. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HENRY L. DAY, of Minneapohs, in the county of Hennepin and State of Minnesota, have invented certain Improvements 1n Dust or Shavings Collectors, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in machines designed for use particularly in wood working establishments in connection with suction fans and suitable piping, by means of which the shavings and saw-dust from the wood working machines are drawn away from the machine by an air current, and are separated from the air current and discharged into a suitable shavings room or into a fuel feeder that conducts them directly to a furnace, while the air current freed from the dust and shavings is permitted to escape from the machine. The collector may also be used 1n connection with flour mill or grain cleaning machinery, or in any place where it is deslrable to separate dust from currents of air. The machine depends for its operation upon centrifugal force and gravity. The air current entering the machine is passed through a spiral or curved conductor, and by means of centrifugal action the dust and shavings are thrown against the lower outer walls of the conductor and pass along close to its surface. An opening is preferably provided in the conductor through which the greater portion of the dust and shavings falls 1nto a suitable hopper or receptacle. The conductor is also preferably provided upon the lnner surface of its outer wall with an inclined flange or skimmer, which directs the dust and shavings traveling along the wall downward to the lower portion of the conductor. The open end of the conductor is within a suitable expansion chamber open at its lower end, and below which is a hopper designed to receive the dust and shavings that fall by gravity from the expansion chamher. The expansion chamber is provided in its periphery with a suitable exit opening through which the air current freed from the dust and shavings, or the greater portion thereof, escapes. I also prefer to provide a second circular chamber outside of the expanslon chamber into which the air current passes, and around which it travels until I, it reaches an exit opening in the periphery of the chamber, through which it escapes. This second chamber is also provided with inclined flanges or skimmers extending to the bottom thereof, and this ohamberis also openat its lower end and connects with a suitable hopper arranged outside of the expansion chamber, so that any remaining dust will be taken out of the air current by these skimmers and directed into the hopper.

Other objects of the invention will appear from the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a vertical section of my dust and shavings collector. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section taken on liners-a: of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is ahorizontal section taken on line y-y of Fig. 1 looking toward the top of the machine. Fig. 4 is a vertical section taken on a plane a right angles to the section of Fig. 1.

In the drawings, 2 represents the air pipe or conductor through which the dust laden current of air is driven by a suitable fan or other device. at the point where it enters the machine so that it enters the machine in a substantially vertical position; and if preferred the part of the conductor above the machine may beverticalinstead of being horizontal and provided with a downwardly curved portion, as shown in the drawings.

lVithin the machine is the spiral conductor 3 to which the pipe 2 connects, and this conductor is provided with an open end and is arranged within the cylindrical expansion chamber 5 and preferably close to the wall thereof. This conductor preferably extends abouthalf way around the circumference of the expansion chamber, and one part of its bottom is raised above the other so as to form an opening 7 through which the heavier shavings and dust moving alongthe bottom of the conductor passes, to fall directlyinto the hopper hereinafter described. I prefer to arrange on the inner surface of the outer wall of the conductor the inclined flanged strip 9 which forms a spiral channel or skimmer on the wall of the conductor, and directs the dust passing along close to the wall of the conductor to the lower part of the conductor at a point near its open end. I also prefer to provide similar strips 11 on the wall of the expansion cham- This pipeiscurved downward b er. An opening 13 is arranged in the periphery of the expansion chamber, and a hopper 15 is secured below the open lower end of the chamber, this hopper being preferably secured by suitable bolts 17 to a plate 19 that is secured to the outer surface of the expanslon chamber nearits lower end. The expansion chamber is provided with a closed top 21 which may have a central opening 23 to be covered by a suitable cap or plate when the machine is in use, this cap being provided to permit access to, or an examination ofthe interror of the expansion chamber. I also prefer to provide a second chamber 25 arranged outside and concentric with the expansion chamber, so that the air current passing through the opening in the wall of the expansion chamber enters this second chain-- her and passes around therein, and escapes through an exit opening or spout 27in the periphery of this second chamber. The chamber 25 is also provided with a closed top 31 and with-a hopper 33. The chamber 25 is open at its lower end and thus communicates freely with its hopper, which is preferably secured to the chamber by means of bolts 37 and the plate 39 attached or suitably secured to the wall of the chamber. The top of the chamber 25 preferably extends from the top of the expansion chamber, and the two devices may besecured together by suitable screws 41 or other suitable means. The top of the chamber 25 is also provided with an opening coincident with the opening in the top of the expansion chamber so that a single cap or plate covers the opening through both tops. The wall of the chamber 25 is also preferably provided with inclined flanged strips or shimmers 45 extending from a point near the top of the chamber toward the lower end thereof. The exit opening in the inner hopper may be within the outer hopper, as shown in Fig. 1, or the inner hopper may be provided with an exit pipe 51, shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1, through which the material will escape from the inner hopper while the material from the outer hopper escapes through the annular space between this pipe and the pipes secured to the exit opening of the outer hopper. It will be seen that as here constructed the outer chamber and hopper are independently formed and are secured to and supported upon the inner or expansion chamber. With this construction I need to use only the inner chamber and hopper where the material to be operated upon is of a coarse quality, and the outer chamber and hopper may be added to the machine where itis necessary to operate upon fine material. If preferred, an additional chamber or chambers, and hopper or hoppers may in a similar manner be secured outside of the chamber 25, thus further subjecting the air current to a centrifugal separating action before permitting it to escape from the machine.

The operation of the machine will be readily understood from the foregoing description directed downward by the inclined flange or skimmer on the wall of the conductor to the lower portion of the conductor at. its open end. When the air current passes out of the conductor into the chamber it expands therein, and the dust remainingin the air current drops down through the open end of the chamber into the hopper. When the air current enters the chamber from the open end of the conductor it expands in the chamber, but continues its onward movement, having previously been deflected by the wall of the conductor while it passed through the conductor, thus bringing the dust particles against the outer wall of the conductor. This action is further continued by the curved wall of the chamber, and some of the dust particles being brought against the wall of the chamher are directed downward by the inclined flange plate or skimmer thereon. When the material that is being operated upon is coarse and heavy like coarse shavings, it will be separated from the air current in the spiral conductor and the expansion chamber, and the air current may be permitted to escape through an opening in the peripheral wall of the chamber directly into the outside atmosphere; but where there is considerable fine dust in the material being operated upon, I prefer to provide the second chamber already described, into which the air current passes after escaping from the expansion chamber and around which it will pass, being constantly deflected by the wall of the chamber, thus bringing the dust particles against this wall down which they will be directed by the inclined flanges or skimmers thereon, causing them to enter the second or outer hopper while the air current escapes through the spout or opening in the wall of the chamber. It will also be noted that in this machine the hopper does not form a dead air chamber, but that its lower end is open so that if the air pressure within the hopper were increased above the normal the air could pass freely out through the lower open end of the hopper. I find, however, that as I provide a large opening in the peripheral wall of the expansion chamber through which the air is permitted to escape freely after expanding in said chamber, there is no increased pressure in the hopper and that the air within the hopper is at substantially the normal pressure, so that the fine dust will fall readily into and pass out of the hopper by gravitation. It will also be noted that I do not have in thismachine any vertical movement of the air to cause a churning together of the air and dust in the expansionchamber or hopper, but that the separation of the dust from the air current is due to centrifugal force and gravitation, the latter being aided by the expansion of the air in the chamber afterit leaves the spiral conductor.

I have demonstrated'by actual experience that a machine of this construction will separate the finest dust from the air current,

so that the air escaping from the machinethrough the peripheral opening is so freed from dust that no particles of dust whatever can be detected in it. The expansion chamber is preferably of cylindrical form so as to cause a regular deflection of the air current, and as the hopper is'joined to this chamber it is most convenient to construct this hopper of conical form; butit will be understood that the hopper is simply for catching the dust that drops from the expansion chamber and that there is no vortical movement of the air current therein, and except for convenience in construction the hopper might be of rectangular or polygonal form in cross section instead of being of conical form.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent- I 1. A dust-collector comprising, in combination, a curved or spiral air conductor having an open end, a cylindrical expansion chamber, within which the open end of said conductor is arranged, said chamber being provided with an exit opening in its peripheral wall, and with a closed top and open lower end, and a hopper arranged below the open lower end of said chamber, substantially as described.

2. In 'adust collector, the combination,with a curved or spiral inlet conductor, of an expansion chamber into which said inlet conductor opens provided with a peripheral outlet opening and with a closed top, and a hopper arranged below said expansion chamber and receiving the dust from the bottom of said chamber, substantially as described.

3. In a dust-collector, the combination, with a curved or spiral inlet conductor, of an expansion chamber into which said inlet conductor opens, said expansion chamber being provided with a closed top and open bottom and a peripheral outlet opening, a hopper arranged below said expansion chamber, and deflectors or skimmers arranged upon the inner surface of the outer wall of said conductor to direct the dust or fine material into said hopper, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

4. In a dust-collector, the combination, with a curved or spirai inlet conductor, of an expansion chamber into which said inlet conductor opens, said expansion chamber being provided with a peripheral outlet for the purified air and with a hopper bottom, and defiec tors or skimmers arranged upon the inner surfaces of the outer wall of said conductor and of said expansion chamber and arranged I,

through which said air-current passes after leaving the expansion chamber, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

6. The combination, in a dust-collector, with an inlet conductor, of a cylindrical expansion chamber, into which, said conductor opens, provided with a peripheral outlet opening and with a closed top and open bottom, a hopper arranged below said expansion chamber, a second chamber surrounding said expansion chamber and provided with a closed top, an open bottom and peripheral outlet and forming an annular passage for the air escaping from said expansion chamber, and a second hopper below said second chamber, substantially as described.

7. The combination, with an air conductor, of an expansion chamber into which said conductor opens,.said expansion chamber being provided with a peripheral outlet opening and with a closed top, and a separate dust discharge a hopper arranged below said expaning the dust therefrom, said top and hopper being removably connected to said expansion chamber, substantially as described.

8. The combination,with a suitable expansion chamber, of an air conductor opening into said chamber, said chamber being provided with a closed top and a peripheral opening, a

hopper arranged below and secured to said chamber, and a second removable chamber and hopper arranged outside of and surrounding said expansion chamber and hopper and 4 adapted to receive the air-current passing through the peripheral opening in said expansion chamber, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

of an expansion chamber into which said conductor opens, said expansion chamber being 1 provided with a peripheral outlet opening and a dust discharge, a chamber arranged outsideof said expansion chamber and provided with a peripheral outlet for the purified air and said air-current passes after leaving the expansion chamber, said second chamber being provided with a closed top and with inclined deflectors upon its inner surface, and a hopper arranged below said second chamber and receiving the dust therefrom, substantially as described and for the purpose specified.

10. In a dust collector, the combination of a separating chamber in which the dust is separated by the centrifugal action of the air, said chamber being provided with an outlet for the dust and with a peripheral outlet for the air, and a second chamber surrounding said separating chamber and receiving the air therefrom, said second chamber being also provided with a dust discharge and with an outlet for the air.

11. In a dust collector, the combination of a separating chamber in which the dust is separated by the centrifugal action of the air, said chamber being provided with an outlet for the dust and with a peripheral outlet for the air, skimmers or deflectors arranged on the inner wall of said chamber for skimming the dust out of the air and directing the dust toward the dust outlet, and a second chamber surrounding said separating chamber and receiving the air therefrom, said second chamber being provided with a dust discharge and an outlet for the air.

12. In a dust collector, the combination of a separating chamber in which the dust is separated by the centrifugal action of the air, said chamber being provided with an outlet for the dust and with a peripheral outlet for the air, and a curved or spiral air conductor opening into said chamber, and provided with an opening in its lower wall.

13. In a dust collector, the combination, of a separating chamber, in which the dust is separated by the centrifugal action of the air, said chamber being provided with an exit opening in its peripheral wall, and with a closed top and open lower end, and a hopper arranged below the open lower end of said chamber, substantially as described.

14:. The combination, with a suitable expansion chamber in which the dust is separated by the centrifugal action of the air, said chamber being provided with a closed top and a peripheral opening for the purified air, and a hopper arranged below said chamber and receiving the dust therefrom, substantially as described.

15. The combination with a suitable expansion chamber, within which the dust is separated by the centrifugal'action of the air, said chamber being provided. with a closed top and a peripheral opening for the air, a hopper arranged below said chamber and receiving the dust therefrom, and a second removable chamber and hopper arranged outside of and surrounding said expansion chamber andhopper and adapted to receive the air current passin g through the peripheral opening in said expansion chamber, substantially as described.

16. The combination, of a separating chamber having a dust-discharge and a peripheral outlet for the purified air, a second chamber to receive the air therefrom, said second chamber being also provided with a dust discharge and a peripheral outlet for the purified air, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 24th day of April, 1893.

HENRY L. DAY.

In presence of A. 0. PAUL, F. S. LYON.