US625183A - mersch - Google Patents

Description

No. 625,|83. Patented May I6, |399. P. MERSCH.

ELECTRIC AHC LAMP.

(Application led Nov. 10, 1891) (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet l.

15u/mim:

No. 525,183. I Patente'd May *15, |899. P.MERSCH.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

(Application filed Nov. 10, 1897.) (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Shed 2.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PAUL MERSCH, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

ELECTRIC-ARC LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 625,183, dated May 16, 1899.

Application led November 10, 1897. Serial No. 658,059. (No model.) l

To @ZZ whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, PAUL MEEscH, a subject of the Grand Duke of Luxemburg, residing in Paris, France, have invented an Improved Arc-Lamp, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to arc-lamps of an improved construction, the main distinguishing features of which are a device enabling the carbons automatically toy move close together either when the lamp is first set in operation or in proportion as the carbons wearout, and,

further, a device for causin g the carbons to recede from each other and for limiting or adjusting the intermediate space between them for the purpose of kindling the lamp.

The invention will be, best understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a vertical elevation of the improved arc-lamp, partly in section, on line 1 1, Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a plan or top view thereof. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on line 3 3, Fig. 1, while Figs. 4 and 5 are detail views of a portion of the lamp and Figs. 6 and 7 detail views of a modiiication of the part represented in Figs. 4 and 5.

The improved lamp comprises two ne-wire coils or solenoids A A', the inner tubes B B' of which extend below the said coils and serve to guide the lower-carbon holder G, Fig. 1. Two plates or cross-pieces C D connect the ends of the said tubes B B', so as to form a complete frame. Washers a a', brazed onto the tubesB B', serve to limit the length of the solenoids A A', the upper washers a being in contact with the plate or cross-piece C.

The tubes B B' exteriorly of the coils A A are provided with slots b to aord a passage for each end of the lower-carbon holder G. To the vend of the carbon-holder are fixed cores or plungers H H', which may be tubular or solid and of round, conical, or square shape in section and adapted to slide within the tubes B B either under the magnetic action of the coils A A or by their own weight plus the weight of the carbon-holder G, as will be presently explained.

To the upper end of each of the cores II H' there is attached a chain, cord, or band I, these chains issuing from the tubes B B' through an aperture j, formed in the plug J,

4the upper-carbon holder G.

-The upper carbon-holder G', being lighter vthan the lower-carbon holder G, secured to the cores H H', is guided in its vertical movements by guide-rods M, Fig. 1, the cross-sec tional shape of which may be selected arbitrarily and which are iixed to the end washers da' of the solenoid. Upon these rods slide the ends of the upper-carbon holder G', said ends being constructed for this purpose and provided with rollers or not, as may be preferred.

The pulleys K, over which pass the chains or cords I, are provided with cheeks toothed at their circumference and adapted to operate in conjunction with a small pawl O, provided with an elongated aperture o and mou'nted upon a pivot in the brackets L.

As will be readily seen by reference to Figs. 1, 4, and 5 of the drawings, the pawls O pre# vent the pulleys K from revolving when in consequence of the chains I being drawn by the cores H H' the lower-carbon holder G descends, thereby causing an upward movement of the upper-carbon holder G', for in this case the chains I by acting upon the pulleys K cause them to perform a rotary movement, but inasmuch as the pawls O rest upon the toothed rims of the cheeks of the said pulleys they are driven upward by the teeth of the cheeks until the lower end of the oval aperture o meets the pivot Z, (see Figs. 1 and 4,) at which juncture the teeth of the pulleys K, being in gear with the pawls O, lock such pulleys and also, consequently, the carbons in position, since the chains I cannot then rot-ate the pulleys; but when the said chains I move in such a manner as to move the carbons close together-that is to say, when the upper-carbon holder G' descends and the lower-carbon holder G rises-the pulleys K are free to revolve, as in that case the pawls O follow their movement until the upper ends of their apertures o meet the pivot l, after which they remain in that position, their beaks simply resting upon (or sweeping over) the teeth of the pulleys K, as shown in Fig. 5.

The current reaches the lamp through a IOO binding screw or post N, electrically connected to the upper-carbon holder G', after which such current is intended to flow through the two carbons to the lower-carbon holder G, electrically connected to the metal body of the lamp, and to leave the same through the bindingpost N'. The solenoids A A' are arranged in parallel with each other and with the carbons. For this purpose one end of each solenoid-coil is connected to the inlet binding-post N and the other end to the outlet bindingpost N The operation of the improved lamp is as follows: We will suppose that at the time the current is sent into the lamp the carbons are' some distance apart, as in consequence of this intermediate distances the current cannot pass from the upper-carbon holder G' to the lower-carbon holder G it passes on through the solenoids A A direct to the outlet binding-post N. Under the magnetic action of these solenoids the cores H H' are attracted upward and the lower-carbon holder G, to which these cores are joined, participates in such upward movement. At the same time as the lower carbon rises the upper carbon G' descends, owing to the connection of the two carbon-holders G G' through the chains I. IVe have already seen that when the pulleys K revolve for the purpose of bringing the carbons nearer to each other the pawls O do not hinder their rotary motion. They simply rest in contact with the teeth of the pulley-cheeks, Fig. 5. The two carbons on moving in the manner just stated come into contact with each other. Inasmuch as now the resistance offered by such carbons to the passage of the current is less than the resistance of the solenoids A A', the current on its way to the outlet binding-post A passes almost n toto through the upper-carbon holder G', the carbons, the lower-carbon holder G, and the body of the lamp. As the current now passing through the solenoids A A' is of very little strength, the magnetic action of such solenoids upon the cores II H' is discontinued and the said cores,alon g with the lowercarbon holder G, which is of greater weight than the upper-carbon holder G', perform a downward movement, which causes a corresponding upward movement to be accomplished by the upper-carbon holder G'; but, as has been explained before, the pawl O, by its action upon the toothed cheeks of the pulleys K, prevents the carbons from moving apart, for the cores H H in descending pull or stretch the chains I, which raise the uppercarbon holder G' in consequence and at the same time set in motion the pulleys K, which perform a rotary movement in the direction of the arrows, Figs. l and 4; but inasmuch as the pawls O are still in gear with the teeth of the cheeks of the said pulleys by reason of the rotary motion of such pulleys they are in their turn pushed upward until the bottom end of the oval slot o meets the pivot Z. IV hen this contact takes place, it causes the pulleys K,

as well as the carbons, to stop, the carbons then standing only just as far apart as is necessary to light the lamp.. The lamp, therefore, is now in operation, and all the parts forming the regulating device occupy the positions in which they are represented in Fig. l of the drawingsi When in consequence of the carbons wearing away the distance between them increases, the resistance of the arc increases likewise, so that a larger amount of current then passes through the solenoids A A'. This current renders the magnetic action of the said solenoids more eifectual, intensifying it until it is sufficient to attract the cores H H' upward. These cores then rise, taking the lowercarbon holder G along with them and causing the upper holder G' to descend through the intermediate action of the chain I. The carbons are consequently moved closer together. During these movements the pulleys K perform aslight rotary movement in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 5, and the pawls O, which rest upon the teeth of the cheeks of the said pulleys, simply follow this movement until the upper ends of their oval apertures 0 in their turn meet the pivot l, whereupon they remain stationary in this position without exercising any influence upon the operation of the lamp. The carbons being thus brought together, a less quantity of current now passes through the solenoids A A' but inasmuch as the lamp is now acting as an alluminant, as has just been explained, it will be understood that the magnetic eect of the said solenoids must nevertheless be sufficient to prevent any descent of the cores, since theyare constantly being traversed by part of the main current, and seeing that as soon as the carbons again move apart an increased amount of the main current, proportionate to the distance for which the carbons have receded from each other, will pass through the solenoids, with the result that they will immediately attract the cores H II' in the upper direction, which will cause the carbons to move up to each other again, and so on.

In view of the foregoing it will be understood that the cores H H and also, conseing, and this goes on until the magnetic effect of the solenoids becomes suflciently powerful to gradually attract the cores H II', which will accordingly transmit their motion to the carbon-holders G G', so as to bring them nearer together, this movement of the carbon-holders IOO IOS

IIO

IZO

toward each other being in all cases just sufiicient to make up for the Wear of the carbons, while it can never move the carbons into contact with each other, as the moment no more than the normal distance between them is left the current passing through the solenoid must lack the strength necessary for shifting the cores H H.

In order that the magnetic action of the solenoids A A may be the same throughout their lengthi'. e., with a view t0 equalizing the magnetic lield of the solenoids-and with the special object of making use of the lamp for continuous currents, I provide an iron tube or shield M', surrounding the solenoid entirely and inclosing these solenoids by means of the iron washers a a', as shown in Fig. 1.

As regards the pawls 0, which serve to limitY the distance between the carbons for the purpose of illumination, it is clear that their path might be regulated by elongating the aperture 0 more or less. Itis obvious that these pawls o may be replaced by any other device capable of producing the same result. Y Thus, as will be seen by referring to Figs. 6 and 7, the bracket L-might be provided with a hanger lf', constructed in the form shown and adapted to receive a flat piece R, corresponding to each of the pulleys K. These parts R, terminating each in a beak or nose, would engage in the teeth ofthe said pulleys,and inasmuch as their vertical path would be limited by the hangers Z they would operate exactly like the pawls O, the stroke or extent of motion of the pieces R being limited by set-screws r.

l claim- 1. An electric-arc lamp, comprising solenoid-coils, cores movable therein, a carbonholder connected to the cores directly, another carbon-holder connected to the first-named holder in such a manner as to move in the 0pposite direction, and electrical connections by which the solenoid-coils are connected in parallel with each other and with the carbons.

2. An electric-arc lamp having a carbona movable stop or pawl arranged to engage the said pulley to arrest the carbons when moving apart, said stop having a longitudinal slot through which passes the fulcrnm-pin of the stop to permit of a limited outward movement holder, a magnetic device for controlling said 4o of the stop and of a corresponding limited 6o movement of the carbons from each other.

4. The combination of the solenoid-coils,the

shields surrounding said coils and made of magnetizable material, the cores slidable in said coils, the magnetizable cross-bar connecting the lower ends of said cores, the carbon-holder attached to the said cores, and another carbon-holder connected With the firstnamed holder to move in the opposite direction.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

PAUL MERSCH.

Vitnesses:

EDWARD P. MACLEAN, ALPHONSE MEJEAM.

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