US6231702B1 - Cool burning ammonium nitrate based gas generating composition - Google Patents
Cool burning ammonium nitrate based gas generating composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US6231702B1 US6231702B1 US09/092,718 US9271898A US6231702B1 US 6231702 B1 US6231702 B1 US 6231702B1 US 9271898 A US9271898 A US 9271898A US 6231702 B1 US6231702 B1 US 6231702B1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- alkaline earth
- gas generating
- alkali metal
- earth metal
- ammonium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical group [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- -1 alkaline earth metal salt Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guanidine Chemical class NC(N)=N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical class NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004202 carbamide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- KJUGUADJHNHALS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-tetrazole Substances C=1N=NNN=1 KJUGUADJHNHALS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-guanidine Natural products CNC(N)=N CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminoamidine Natural products CN(C)C(N)=N SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- KUCWUAFNGCMZDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-3-nitrophenol Chemical class NC1=C(O)C=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O KUCWUAFNGCMZDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005521 carbonamide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001912 cyanamides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002357 guanidines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004905 tetrazines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001963 alkali metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 150000004973 alkali metal peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 229910001964 alkaline earth metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- MJVUDZGNBKFOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-nitronitramide Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N[N+]([O-])=O MJVUDZGNBKFOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 150000004974 alkaline earth metal peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 17
- GEHMBYLTCISYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium sulfamate Chemical compound [NH4+].NS([O-])(=O)=O GEHMBYLTCISYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 15
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- ULRPISSMEBPJLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-tetrazol-5-amine Chemical compound NC1=NN=NN1 ULRPISSMEBPJLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- IDCPFAYURAQKDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitroguanidine Chemical compound NC(=N)N[N+]([O-])=O IDCPFAYURAQKDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- QJTIRVUEVSKJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-nitro-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-one Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=NC(=O)NN1 QJTIRVUEVSKJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- NDEMNVPZDAFUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanidine;nitric acid Chemical compound NC(N)=N.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O NDEMNVPZDAFUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- UAGLZAPCOXRKPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;1,2,3-triaminoguanidine Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O.NNC(NN)=NN UAGLZAPCOXRKPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- NPNRPQIHDJKWMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=NC([N+]([O-])=O)=NC([N+]([O-])=O)=N1 NPNRPQIHDJKWMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101000618467 Hypocrea jecorina (strain ATCC 56765 / BCRC 32924 / NRRL 11460 / Rut C-30) Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004614 Process Aid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940083094 guanine derivative acting on arteriolar smooth muscle Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/04—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents for cooling the explosion gases including antifouling and flash suppressing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
- C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-azide based gas generating composition.
- the gas generating composition of the present invention is particularly useful for inflating an inflatable vehicle occupant protection device.
- Azide-based gas generating compositions for generating gas to inflate an inflatable vehicle occupant protection device have the advantage that they produce non-toxic nitrogen gas during combustion and produce gas at relatively low gas temperatures.
- Non-azide based gas generating compositions typically produce gas at temperatures well above the temperature of gas produced by azide-based gas generating compositions with some approaching 4000° K. While these non-azide based gas generating compositions potentially are thermodynamically efficient, they present heat management problems.
- Various attempts to cool the non-azide based gas generating compositions include adding chemical coolants to the compositions. Chemical coolants, however, tend to add to the volume of the gas generating material required without increasing the gas output. This reduces the gas output per volume of gas generating material in an amount dependent upon the amount of coolant added.
- the present invention resides in a gas generating composition which comprises an organic fuel and an oxidizer wherein the oxidizer is phase stabilized ammonium nitrate.
- the phase stabilizer for the ammonium nitrate is an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt.
- the composition further comprises an ammonium salt coolant selected from the group consisting of an ammonium halide, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium sulfamate.
- a preferred ammonium halide is ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl).
- the amount of ammonium salt coolant present in the gas generating composition is an amount effective, on combustion, to produce a reaction product of the anion of the ammonium salt coolant and the cation of the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal phase stabilizer.
- the ammonium salt coolant reacts with the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt in an endothermic reaction which reduces the combustion temperature of the combustion gas product.
- the combustion gas product is substantially free of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal oxide.
- the ammonium salt coolant is in effect a fuel component, producing on combustion only gas or vapor phase products, thus achieving an increased gas output per unit volume of gas generating material used.
- the gas generating composition of the present invention also comprises a sinter-forming material which is present in the composition in an amount effective to cause liquid particles of the reaction product to coalesce into an easily filterable slag.
- a sinter-forming material are silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) and aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 )
- the mol ratio of the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt to ammonium salt coolant is about 1:1 for substantially complete reaction of the anion of the ammonium salt coolant with the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal cation of the phase stabilizer.
- the gas generating composition is balanced for substantially complete reaction of carbon in the organic fuel with oxygen in the oxidizer to produce carbon dioxide.
- the present invention also resides in an inflatable vehicle occupant protection device which comprises an inflator for generating gas to inflate the protection device using the foregoing gas generating composition.
- organic fuel includes salts of organic fuels.
- the gas generating composition of the present invention comprises a non-azide organic fuel, which can be any non-azide organic fuel typically used in a gas generating composition.
- organic fuels useful in the present invention are: cyanamides such as dicyandiamide and salts thereof; tetrazoles such as 5-amino-tetrazole (5-AT), and derivatives and salts of tetrazoles; carbonamides such as azo-bis-dicarbonamide and salts thereof; triazoles such as 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one (NTO) and salts thereof; guanidine and derivatives thereof such as nitroguanidine; salts of guanidine and guanidine derivatives such as triaminoguanidine nitrate (TAGN) or guanidine nitrate (GN); tetramethyl ammonium nitrate; urea and urea salts; triazines and tetrazines such as trinitro-1,3,
- the amount of fuel in the gas generating composition is that amount necessary to achieve sustained combustion of the gas generating composition.
- the amount can vary depending upon the particular fuel involved and other reactants.
- a preferred amount of fuel is in the range of about 10% to about 55% based on the weight of the gas generating composition.
- the gas generating composition of the present invention also comprises phase stabilized ammonium nitrate as an oxidizer for the fuel.
- the amount of phase stabilized ammonium nitrate is that amount necessary to achieve sustained combustion with the fuel.
- a preferred amount of phase stabilized ammonium nitrate is in the range of about 30% to about 85% based upon the weight of the gas generating composition.
- the phase stabilizer for the ammonium nitrate is an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal salt.
- the stabilization of ammonium nitrate is necessary to avoid volumetric and structural changes associated with Phase IV ⁇ Phase III structural transitions due to the exposure of the gas generating composition to ambient temperature changes.
- alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts which may be used include nitrates, nitrites, peroxides, and dinitramides.
- the amount of the phase stabilizer is an effective amount to stabilize ammonium nitrate and is up to about 15% based upon the weight of ammonium nitrate. This stabilization of ammonium nitrate is well known.
- a critical component of the present invention is an ammonium salt coolant selected from the group consisting of an ammonium halide, an ammonium sulfate and an ammonium sulfamate.
- a preferred ammonium salt coolant is ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl).
- the amount of ammonium salt coolant in the gas generating composition is preferably that amount which provides approximately a 1:1 mol ratio with the alkali metal or the alkaline earth metal salt stabilizer. This results in substantially complete reaction of the anion of the ammonium salt coolant with the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal cation of the phase stabilizer to produce a combustion gas product which is substantially free of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal oxide.
- a preferred amount of ammonium salt coolant is in the range of 1% to about 10% based on the weight of the gas generating composition.
- the ammonium salt coolant reacts with the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt in an endothermic reaction which reduces the temperature of the combustion gas product. It was found that when the ammonium salt coolant is present in the gas generating composition in a mol ratio with the phase stabilizer which is approximately 1:1, the temperature of the combustion gas product was reduced a significant amount.
- the present invention also preferably comprises a sinter-forming material which forms a solid particulate sinter at the temperature of the combustion gas product.
- Preferred sinter-forming materials are aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) and silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ).
- the amount of sinter-forming material is that amount effective to coalesce liquid particles of the reaction product into an easily filterable slag.
- the amount of sinter-forming material can be in the range of about 0% to about 10%, preferably in the range of about 4% to about 8%, based on the weight of the gas generating composition.
- the components of the gas generating composition are present in a mol ratio adjusted to provide a combustion gas product which is substantially free of carbon monoxide; that is, wherein the carbon in the reaction mixture is substantially or completely oxidized to carbon dioxide.
- the present invention can comprise other ingredients commonly added for a properly functioning system, such as burn rate modifiers, process aids, binders, and ignition aids.
- Examples 1-4 dicyandiamide is the fuel component.
- Example 1 is a control example, and Examples 2-4 are examples illustrating the present invention.
- the formulations and combustion results for Examples 1-4 are given in Table 1.
- Examples 5-8 the fuel is 5-amino-tetrazole (5-AT).
- Example 5 is a control example, and Examples 6-8 are examples illustrating the present invention.
- the formulations and combustion results for Examples 5-8 are given in Table 2.
- Example 9 the fuel is nitroguanidine (NQ).
- Example 9 is a control example, and Examples 10-12 are examples illustrating the present invention.
- the formulations and results for Examples 9-12 are given in Table 3.
- control Example 1 is a formulation containing no coolant such as ammonium chloride.
- the ammonium nitrate in the formulation is not phase stabilized.
- Combustion of the composition of Example 1 yields a chamber temperature of about 2288K.
- Example 2 is a formulation which contains 2.2% ammonium chloride coolant.
- the ammonium nitrate in the formulation is phase stabilized with 5 weight % of potassium nitrate based on the total weight of phase stabilized ammonium nitrate, i.e. the weight of the ammonium nitrate plus the weight of the potassium nitrate.
- the ammonium chloride is in a 1:1 mol ratio with the potassium nitrate and produces 0.0411 moles of potassium chloride as a reaction product.
- the reaction of the ammonium chloride with the potassium nitrate is an endothermic reaction which reduces the combustion chamber temperature to 2277K.
- the mol ratio of fuel (dicyandiamide) to oxygen in the oxidizer is adjusted for substantially complete oxidation of carbon atoms in the fuel to carbon dioxide.
- Example 3 is a formulation which contains 4.3% ammonium chloride coolant.
- the ammonium nitrate in the formulation is phase stabilized with 10 weight percent of potassium nitrate based on the total weight of phase stabilized ammonium nitrate, i.e. the weight of the ammonium nitrate plus the weight of the potassium nitrate.
- the ammonium chloride is in a 1:1 mol ratio with the potassium nitrate and produces 0.081 moles of potassium chloride as a reaction product.
- the reaction of the ammonium chloride with the potassium nitrate is an endothermic reaction which reduces the combustion chamber temperature to 2169K.
- the mol ratio of fuel (dicyandiamide) to oxygen in the oxidizer also is adjusted for substantially complete oxidation of carbon atoms in the fuel to carbon dioxide.
- Example 4 is a formulation which contains about 6.3% ammonium chloride coolant.
- the ammonium nitrate in the formulation is phase stabilized with 15 weight percent of potassium nitrate based on the total weight of phase stabilized ammonium nitrate, i.e. the weight of the ammonium nitrate plus the weight of the potassium nitrate.
- the ammonium chloride is in a 1:1 mol ratio with the potassium nitrate and produces 0.119 moles of potassium chloride as a reaction product.
- the reaction of the ammonium chloride with the potassium nitrate is an endothermic reaction which reduces the combustion chamber temperature to 2113K.
- the mol ratio of fuel (dicyandiamide) to oxygen in the oxidizer also is adjusted for substantially complete oxidation of carbon atoms in the fuel to carbon dioxide.
- the combustion gas product has a low toxicity in addition to a significant reduction in temperature as compared to Example 1.
- Example 2 the amount of gas produced in the combustion reaction, and its energy, are effective for activating a vehicle occupant protection device such as an air bag.
- the present invention although primarily useful for inflating a vehicle occupant protection device, can have other uses, for instance for inflating other types of inflatable vehicle safety devices, inflatable rafts and other such devices.
- the present invention takes advantage of the phase stabilization of ammonium nitrate with an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt.
- a mixture of phase stabilized ammonium nitrate and a non-azide organic fuel is a desirable gas generating material since the combustion of the ammonium nitrate and the organic fuel yields a gas product which is primarily nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water.
- the applicant discovered that by adding an amount of a salt such as ammonium chloride, an endothermic reaction occurs which reduces the combustion temperature of the reaction mixture.
- ammonium salt coolant is in effect a fuel component, producing on combustion gas or vapor phase products, an increased output per unit volume of gas generating material is achieved.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/092,718 US6231702B1 (en) | 1998-02-20 | 1998-06-05 | Cool burning ammonium nitrate based gas generating composition |
| DE19925442A DE19925442A1 (de) | 1998-06-05 | 1999-06-02 | Kaltbrennende, auf Ammoniumnitrat basierende Gaserzeugungszusammensetzung |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/026,980 US6143104A (en) | 1998-02-20 | 1998-02-20 | Cool burning gas generating composition |
| US09/092,718 US6231702B1 (en) | 1998-02-20 | 1998-06-05 | Cool burning ammonium nitrate based gas generating composition |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/026,980 Continuation-In-Part US6143104A (en) | 1998-02-20 | 1998-02-20 | Cool burning gas generating composition |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US6231702B1 true US6231702B1 (en) | 2001-05-15 |
Family
ID=22234740
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/092,718 Expired - Fee Related US6231702B1 (en) | 1998-02-20 | 1998-06-05 | Cool burning ammonium nitrate based gas generating composition |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6231702B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE19925442A1 (de) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6315930B1 (en) * | 1999-09-24 | 2001-11-13 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Method for making a propellant having a relatively low burn rate exponent and high gas yield for use in a vehicle inflator |
| US6410682B1 (en) * | 2001-01-03 | 2002-06-25 | Trw Inc. | Polymeric amine for a gas generating material |
| US20020121321A1 (en) * | 2000-12-27 | 2002-09-05 | Nof Corporation | Gas-generating compositions |
| US6673173B1 (en) * | 2000-02-02 | 2004-01-06 | Autoliv Asp. Inc. | Gas generation with reduced NOx formation |
| US7857345B1 (en) | 2007-07-06 | 2010-12-28 | Tk Holdings, Inc. | Valve assembly for gas generating system |
| US20110025029A1 (en) * | 2009-07-29 | 2011-02-03 | Mendenhall Ivan V | Inflator assembly |
| US7914040B1 (en) | 2007-04-27 | 2011-03-29 | Tk Holdings, Inc. | Cold gas generating system |
| US8113542B1 (en) | 2008-01-22 | 2012-02-14 | Tk Holdings, Inc. | Pressurized gas release mechanism |
| US8123878B1 (en) | 2007-05-31 | 2012-02-28 | Tk Holdings, Inc. | Gas generating system |
| WO2024119239A1 (en) * | 2022-12-09 | 2024-06-13 | Dyno Nobel Asia Pacific Pty Limited | Chemical inhibitors for high temperature and reactive ground |
| US12049584B2 (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2024-07-30 | Sabine Zureikat | Composition and method for producing the sensory stimulant |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2839715B1 (fr) * | 2002-05-14 | 2005-02-04 | Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale | Compositions de poudres propulsives pour armes a tube a force elevee et effet erosif reduit |
Citations (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3715131A (en) * | 1971-06-04 | 1973-02-06 | Hercules Inc | Chemical gas generating device for an automobile safety system |
| US3912562A (en) * | 1973-09-10 | 1975-10-14 | Allied Chem | Low temperature gas generator propellant |
| US3954528A (en) * | 1970-11-06 | 1976-05-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Solid gas generating and gun propellant composition containing triaminoguanidine nitrate and synthetic polymer binder |
| US3993514A (en) * | 1972-01-27 | 1976-11-23 | Thiokol Corporation | Gas generating compositions containing ammonium sulfate acceleration force desensitizer |
| US4111728A (en) * | 1977-02-11 | 1978-09-05 | Jawaharlal Ramnarace | Gas generator propellants |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6315930B1 (en) * | 1999-09-24 | 2001-11-13 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Method for making a propellant having a relatively low burn rate exponent and high gas yield for use in a vehicle inflator |
| US6673173B1 (en) * | 2000-02-02 | 2004-01-06 | Autoliv Asp. Inc. | Gas generation with reduced NOx formation |
| US20020121321A1 (en) * | 2000-12-27 | 2002-09-05 | Nof Corporation | Gas-generating compositions |
| US6846373B2 (en) | 2000-12-27 | 2005-01-25 | Nof Corporation | Gas-generating compositions |
| US6410682B1 (en) * | 2001-01-03 | 2002-06-25 | Trw Inc. | Polymeric amine for a gas generating material |
| US7914040B1 (en) | 2007-04-27 | 2011-03-29 | Tk Holdings, Inc. | Cold gas generating system |
| US8123878B1 (en) | 2007-05-31 | 2012-02-28 | Tk Holdings, Inc. | Gas generating system |
| US7857345B1 (en) | 2007-07-06 | 2010-12-28 | Tk Holdings, Inc. | Valve assembly for gas generating system |
| US8113542B1 (en) | 2008-01-22 | 2012-02-14 | Tk Holdings, Inc. | Pressurized gas release mechanism |
| US20110025029A1 (en) * | 2009-07-29 | 2011-02-03 | Mendenhall Ivan V | Inflator assembly |
| US8231747B2 (en) * | 2009-07-29 | 2012-07-31 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Inflator assembly |
| US12049584B2 (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2024-07-30 | Sabine Zureikat | Composition and method for producing the sensory stimulant |
| WO2024119239A1 (en) * | 2022-12-09 | 2024-06-13 | Dyno Nobel Asia Pacific Pty Limited | Chemical inhibitors for high temperature and reactive ground |
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